What Really Is Everything?

an arid stretch of desert is dimly lit by the brightening sky there are still 30 minutes to go until dawn but above the clouds the stars have already faded and a deep, shadowless blue light floods the desert floor in the last few months the flat, featureless terrain has been transformed A 30-meter-high steel tower carrying a terrible payload stands alone at the foot of the Ascora Mountains, surrounded by little more than criss-crossing tire tracks leading to three kilometers of a now-empty adobe house beyond, situated to the northwest and south, all at once. Within a deliberate nine-kilometer radius of the tower are three buried shelters, each with its windows oriented toward its joint focus.

The scientists and soldiers now camped inside these shelters cannot see the tower at the epicenter of the circle, but they will soon see very well the effects of its fateful payload, not knowing

what

to expect, they lie on the ground with their feet pointing towards the tower invisibly distant and listen to the countdown as it crackles over the public address system at exactly 5:30 a.m. m. On July 16, 1945, an earth-shattering explosion marked the beginning of a new era of civilization and the birth of a new branch of physics. The so-called gadget bomb that had been hoisted to the top of the fire tower imploded.

Starting a devastating nuclear chain reaction within its plutonium core, the nuclear bomb exploded with a force equivalent to 21,000 tons of TNT in a fraction of a second, the steel tower vaporized and the desert floor melted into green glass. . The dark dawn turned into a bright day in an instant as the explosion swelled and then became the now iconic symbol of the nuclear age this was the trinity test the first large scale detonation of a nuclear bomb that would reach shape the course of history and the field of science The 1930s had seen monumental advances in atomic science and radiation research and the spectacular discovery of nuclear fission in 1938 was overshadowed by the outbreak of the War barely a year later, but physicists quickly realized the devastating potential of their new discovery.

Albert Einstein co-signed a letter to then-President Roosevelt warning that extremely powerful bombs could conceivably be produced. In this way a new type can be built, which is why the United States developed its own bomb before any other nation. The test was considered a great success and just 21 days later, the United States dropped a similar atomic bomb, the so-called fat man, on the city of Nagasaki, Japan. If it had not been for the deadly pressures of war, nuclear science could have followed a very different and probably slower path. The exploration of the atom, one of the smallest particles of matter, had until then been little more than a curiosity in the domain of at least first philosophers and then gentlemen's scholars; small improvements in experimental methods and equipment brought small advances until the fateful revelation that atoms and their nuclei were not actually the end of the Russian doll, a discovery that led directly to New Mexico and then Japan as the glow of that The first nuclear explosion faded, leaving behind a new thirst To understand

what

our universe was

really

made of and how that journey came about, the quest to discover what makes up

everything

would lead scientists deeper and deeper into a rabbit hole of matter and mass, fields and particles, and even further back in time. in a century-long quest to answer the immortal question what

everything

is at its most fundamental level and perhaps even more importantly whether any of it is actually real this video is sponsored by magellan tv the documentary asks the streaming service how long It takes a black hole to die a 10 to the power of 67 years b google years or c it never dies, it just remains a bad smell, that's right, it's 10 to the power of 67 years and the fact that they evaporate is due to the uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, something you can find out much more about by watching our recommendation on Magellan TV this week Secrets of Quantum Physics 4k with Jim Alcaledi, a fascinating and mind-blowing dive into the painfully confusing quantum world.

They're a bit of a Netflix for documentaries with over 3,000 documentaries to choose from on a wide range of topics, including a great selection on space cosmology and physics, so click the link in the description for an exclusive one-month free trial For history of the universe viewers thanks were the ancient Indian philosophers of the 8th century BC. C. who first claimed that nothing we experience is real such an extreme reductionist philosophy is simple enough to follow a cart can be decomposed into its components wheels axles yoke those components can also be decomposed a wheel becomes a rim and spokes each succession of smaller parts can be further broken down by hand and with specialized tools until nothing remains but a collection of minuscule specifications, each one indistinguishable from the next, what then are the objects? from our experience is everything, if not piles of such specks accumulated and organized to give the appearance of something greater.

These looming existential conundrums were revisited by ancient Greek philosophers some 400 years later, considering the same problem, Democritus and Lucipus came to the same conclusion, ultimately everything. What we can see and touch can be broken down again and again until we reach a dead end of tiny particles that can be divided. Democritus no longer gave these hypothetical particles a name that defined them by their fundamentally indivisible nature; Thomas means uncuttable; today we know them as atoms, and yet it was not until the 19th century that science, rather than philosophy, allowed researchers to investigate the nature of these mysterious, uncuttable atoms in the early 19th century.

The English chemist John Dalton spent his summers in the mountains of the Lake District in northwest England before the With the advent of comprehensive maps of the region, he was an authority on measuring its altitude and distances through his own experience of hiking. One can imagine his mind wandering these hills, measuring and reflecting on the remarkable theories he was forming in his Manchester laboratory, as Dalton spent the rest. From his time analyzing the nature of various chemical compounds, these compounds were as different as the peaks he knew so well. What was it about their basic nature that made them behave so differently?

All these chemicals that he postulated were composed of simple indivisible building blocks that were related to the elements that composed them, thus methane as a combination of carbon and hydrogen contained indivisible carbon and hydrogen atoms, nitrous oxide was built from nitrogen atoms. and oxygen atoms and so on unknowingly invoking ancient philosophies synthesizing the works of his contemporaries and drawing On his belief in the ultimate simplicity of nature, Dalton introduced the scientific concept of the atom into the world, but, of course, as we know Now, this naming process was premature. The atoms were not indivisible, they were not the legitimate scientific heirs of the ancient Greek atoms, as scientists would discover.

During the second half of the 19th century, while investigating the conduction of electrical charge, scholars began to focus on a different type of particle that seemed unique in its ability to carry electricity: it could move through a vacuum after it had been removed. all other free atoms and appeared to be present independently of the surrounding materials. In 1897, English physicist J.J. Thompson had isolated the negatively charged particle responsible for electric current, which he appropriately called the electron. Faced with this new discovery, researchers rushed to reconcile Thompson's electrons with those 2,000 years old. Theory of fundamental atoms Electrons can travel alone, but they also appear to be born from atomic matter.

So how could they be related? Further experiments by New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford helped solve the mystery by shooting radioactive particles at a thin sheet of gold. Rutherford showed that they were sometimes reflected, sometimes deflected, and sometimes mysteriously passed directly through him. This could not happen if atoms were tightly packed solid spheres, so Rutherford suggested and then refined a new model consisting of a positively charged condensed nucleus surrounded by orbiting particles. Electrons, like planets orbit the Sun, the mass of an atom was concentrated in its nucleus into positively charged particles that Rutherford identified as protons and, as it turned out later, in our solar system, atoms are mostly empty space, a hydrogen atom, for example, is almost 100 percent.

Nothing with the distinction between protons and electrons, the concept of a non-divisible atom had been completely divided and was further divided in the 1930s with the discovery of yet another particle that resides within the nucleus of an atom, although it was impossible to know. By the time the steady march towards the atomic bomb began, James Chadwick had spent his early academic years working with Ernest Rutherford in Manchester. When the First World War broke out, he was trapped behind enemy lines and spent much of the conflict in a camp. of prisoners where, however, he managed to establish a In a small laboratory and a science club with his fellow prisoners, he returned to England to finish his doctorate in 1921 and devoted himself to the thorny problem of the extra mass of helium.

It was well known that helium atoms had an atomic number of two, meaning they had two protons and two. corresponding electrons, but the mass of the helium was actually twice what would be expected from the mass of those two protons. There must be something heavier but uncharged lurking in the core to contribute to that mass through a series of deductions and inspired experiments involving radioactive beryllium and paraffin. Wax Chadwick accomplished what his colleagues and mentors could not. He found conclusive evidence of this mysterious neutral particle. The neutron earned him the 1935 Nobel Prize in the process, so the neutron was soon harnessed as a tool for further exploration of atomic composition.

The scientists began to bomb. existing elements with neutrons in an attempt to increase their mass and alter the composition of their nuclei, but in 1938 Austrian physicist Lis Meitner realized that neutron impacts had the potential to do something unexpected, rather than increasing mass. of an atom, a neutron could trigger that atom to split by sharing its protons and electrons between two new, distinct atoms and releasing an enormous amount of energy in the process. Mightn's colleagues Otto Haan and Fritz Strassmann achieved what generations of alchemists had failed to do by using a simple neutron to transmute uranium atoms into krypton and barium.

Inspired by the biological process of cell division, Mightner and his colleagues called this process fission and it would become the physical basis for some of the most destructive weapons ever created despite his pivotal role in the discovery and his contribution to its name. Mightner wanted to distance herself from the devastating potential of nuclear-efficient chain reactions, perhaps because of this or perhaps because of the sexism and anti-Semitism she faced throughout her career, Lise Meitner did not receive credit for her work for a long time and was only otto Han who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of nuclear fission in 1944.

And so, in the centuries since science left philosophy behind, our understanding of the fundamental particles of matter had fundamentally transformed the unimaginably tiny and seemingly indivisible adomos, in fact they could be divided. Baryons are the particles of the atomic nuclei, protons and neutrons, electrons, are another type of particles known as leptons, which inhabit a different sphere and behave in their own way. Understanding the interaction of these two types of matter helps explain almost everything we experience and underpins all of modern chemistry and biology, but, of course, this was not the end. There were still many mysteries in the cosmos that could not be explained by mere baryon and lepton interactions.

Was there more outside? There were protons, neutrons and electrons, the true fundamental particles, or this step would prove to be another stepping stone. The staircase as it stood before the real-world explosion that ushered in the atomic age in 1945 left scientists the tools and motivation to dive deeper into the world of particle physics to investigate deeper than ever before and discover how they dreamed. the writer James Joyce. His work survived immortalization for centuries to come, but neitherEven he could not have imagined the impact his words would have beyond the arts in a scientific discipline that did not even exist when he first imagined them.

His last novel, Finnegan's Wake, was written in such a way that it was almost impenetrable, but it still gained a cult following and in 1964 one of those followers, we can assume, was the American physicist Murray Gel Mann Gelman was one of many who They rode the wave of particle physics research that had increased throughout the mid-20th century. The technologies had revealed a multitude of other exotic particles besides the everyday protons, neutrons and electrons. The inhabitants of this new particle zoo included other particles with mass such as pions and canons. These heavy particles are collectively known as hadrons, so Gelman and his colleagues around the world were now facing the same puzzle.

That had pitted Rutherford and Thompson against each other half a century earlier, but now, instead of looking for the fact that fundamental atoms distinguished from different elements, scientists needed an explanation of why the apparently fundamental hadrons were all similar but distinct, and the Murray's gel man was not alone in trying to solve the problem while he stood baffled at the California Institute of Technology. Russian-born American physicist George Zweig also addressed the issue at Cern in Switzerland. Neither of them knew of the work of Murray. another, and yet both ultimately came to the same conclusion: hadrons must not be the bottom of the In the rabbit hole there must be something smaller, some subhadronic particle that forms them.

Zweig assumed that there were four component particles and called them asus, referring to the aces of each suit in a deck of cards, but Gel Man's analysis suggested that heavy hadrons were made up of only three subhadronic particles. The physicist had a habit of gave meaningless names to hypothetical particles and when talking about his ideas he referred to these subhadronic fragments as quarks that rhymed with pork, but he never considered how that word might be spelled, it was only later, while examining Joyce's Finnegan stele as a break with the essays of particle physics that came across the line three quarks for muster's mark the new particle would be written q u a r k and it was quarks or quarks that awakened the public's imagination the name of course stuck throughout this literary dispute was debatable until the existence of quarks could be demonstrated unequivocally, experience had shown that if you wanted to split an atom into its subatomic particles, then the best way was to smash the atoms and analyze the remains, so it was still exploring the fragments that made up these smaller subatomic particles. the same experimental approach would work only this time it would require much more energy in 1968 the Stanford linear accelerator center was only two years old but already leading the trend in high energy particle physics at 3.2 kilometers long it was the online accelerator Longest straight line in the world buried thirty feet beneath the flat, gently rolling landscape of San Francisco's South Bay, here electrons would be accelerated to mind-blowing speeds, imbued with energy of up to 50 gigaelectron volts before being crushed into unwitting protons or neutrons. and chaotic products.

After this head-on collision, physicists were finally able to demonstrate what Murray Gel Man and George Zweig had proposed four years earlier: that these hadrons were no more indivisible than atoms were. A proton could fragment into much smaller pointed particles. Whatever they were called, they were real. The next 30 years of high-energy particle physics saw quarks probed from every possible angle, experiments and theories combined to determine how many types of quarks there were, how they differed from each other, and how they interacted to create larger particles now physicists have identified six different types of quark known as flavors, which are given somewhat curious names up down strange charm up and down each of the six possesses a specific combination of characteristics including electric charge mass spin and a property Known as a color that is completely unrelated to actual color, the color of quarks helps understand how hadrons behave in relation to the strong nuclear force that holds atoms together.

By combining into triplets or sometimes groups of five different flavors and colors of quarks, a family of particles known as baryons can be produced that include positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons that combine to form atomic nuclei, but also particles short-lived lambda sigma and zy with properties of their own and can also pair up to create another class of composite particles known as more than half meson. It has been a century since high-energy physics destroyed the assumption that hadrons were fundamental particles that could not decay further. Since then, scientists have discovered six different flavors of quarks and discovered every possible way to assemble them to form all kinds of composite particles, albeit briefly, but despite all the energies we can generate in particle accelerators, we can't.

There is no experimental indication that there is anything else, it seems that we have finally reached the bottom of the particle rabbit hole when it comes to particles with mass, quarks. As indivisible as they are, high-energy collisions have also shown that the other type of particle, leptons, are equally indivisible, but they also exist in a greater variety than initially suspected and include not only the well-known charged electron negative, but also the more massive muon and tau. leptons, as well as uncharged versions of neutrinos of each, so there are 12 elementary particles that seem to make up everything: six quarks and six leptons.

Their behavior is governed by their fundamental and unalterable properties of mass, charge, spin and the so-called color, but the zoo of particles is not entirely complete. The twelve quarks and leptons may be the particles found at the heart of every physical object. in the cosmos, but they alone cannot explain the processes in our dynamic universe. Why do stars light up what makes them shine and why do they even have mass? First of all, February in Chicago is a cold wind that howls through the city streets, blowing inland from the shores of Lake Michigan and collecting snow in piles on corners.

Some straggling scientists, clutching tightly to scarves and hats, wrestle with the conference center door and run happily toward the artificial heat The 2009 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is now underway with presentations on genetics , climate science and astronomy that crowd the daily schedule, but this morning there is a subtle pull toward a single conference room from which the scientists gravitate. throughout the center eager for an update on the hottest race in particle physics the search for the so-called god particle the Higgs boson is believed to be responsible for giving mass to many particles this is a true race for glory a showdown of institutions around the world The Atlantic Ferma laboratories, glamorously called Tevetron in Illinois, compete with the new large hadron collider, or LHC, built by CERN on the French-Swiss border.

The LHC had been built specifically for this search at a cost of about 3 billion euros, but before the race was over. The barely started CERN suffered a major setback just a month after the LHC was first turned on. An explosion severely damaged several accelerator magnets. The collider would have to be shut down for more than a year so repairs could be made, giving the Tevetron a clear path to function. victory, so now with LHC crippled and Tevatron leading the charge, Firm Lab's top scientists took the stage in Chicago to present their progress to a packed, steamy conference room and revealed that, although they had not found the god particle, they hoped To do it.

It wasn't long before they were able to confirm a discovery, the center had been working hard to increase precision, but the problem was that no one knew exactly what properties the Higgs boson had or what collision energy would produce it. The tevetron was in the best position to explore a given range. between 150 and 180 gigaelectronvolts, so if the elusive particle could be produced within these limits, then FirmaLab had an excellent chance of bringing the damaged LHC to the post. The search for the missing pieces of the Standard Model had actually begun decades earlier, during the last half of the 20th century, colliders were built that smashed particles and helped reveal an untold variety of quarks and composite particles, and yet even then It was clear that this was not the full picture;

These particles may have been matter, but they said nothing. of action four fundamental forces govern the interactions between matter in the modern universe gravity that distorts space-time and causes all objects to attract each other electromagnetism responsible for electrical and magnetic interactions, as well as the communication of radiation across empty distances the strong nuclear force that holds atomic nuclei together and the weak nuclear force that sometimes causes them to split, the ways in which these forces communicated between particles of matter came to occupy their own branch of physics of particles when a new generation of force-carrying particles called caliber was invoked. boson these messengers were theoretical at first the photon for electromagnetism the gluon for the strong force the w and z bosons for the weak force and the graviton for gravity as particles could be considered physical manifestations of fields in the same way as waves on the surface of the ocean are a reflection of movements beneath the surface, whether they were real particles or not is a question of quantum mechanics, but one after another experiments detected most of these bosons and they are now found alongside quarks and leptons in the standard model of particles. physics only the graviton escapes us, we need such enormous collision energies to produce it that we will never be able to build a large enough particle accelerator once they can be seen and studied it turned out that the different force-carrying bosons had variable properties just like the fundamental properties of matter, they had different masses and interacted with quarks and leptons in different ways, for example, somewhat surprisingly, the w and z bosons of the weak force seemed to have enormous masses, while the photons had no mass at all and this question of mass was quickly becoming A major problem for the hallowed standard model of physics: the mass of leptons is minuscule, while all quarks have more, although in different quantities, a top cork has about 75,000 times the mass of an up quark and yet there is nothing in the mathematics of particle physics that says that these particles should have any mass even though mathematics can predict with remarkable accuracy the first moments of the cosmos there is a glaring error all It comes out without mass and mass, of course, is of vital importance for the subsequent evolution of the cosmos.

Without mass, electrons would be incapable of uniting protons to form hydrogen atoms. Without that hydrogen, there could be no stars or galaxies or light in the universe or life. The first theories about the generation of mass in the universe were proposed in 1964 at about the same time that Quarks and Aces were first discussed. Peter Higgs, an English theoretical physicist, along with two other Belgian scholars, Robert Brout and Francois Anglair, came to a similar conclusion and suggested that all particles came into existence near the beginning of the universe, initially massless, shortly after a force field came to permeate the entire universe and when some particles interacted with it, they somehow gained mass.

This force field is known today as the Higgs field and the only way to prove its existence was to try to find its physical manifestation that the Higgs boson physicists knew about. The Higgs would be hard to find and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Leon Lederman referred to it as the damn particle for that very reason, but it wasn't long before the epitaph found a more media-friendly name with which, Of course, the divine particle was born. something, a god particle does nothing to dispel the mystery around an already complicated physical theory, so to bring the reality of the Higgs boson to popular consciousness, the UK science minister organized a competition in 1993 to find the best analogy to explain the concept.

The winner, David Miller, a physicist at University College London, described it as follows:way: imagine a room full of scientists talking to each other. A famous professor enters the room and scientists surround them. The Professor interacts heavily with his fans by answering questions and signing autographs so that the Professor's progress slows down, it is as if they have gained mass due to the field of fans around them. Each admirer could be considered a single Higgs boson. When a less famous professor enters the room, they may only draw a smaller crowd and have an easier time. Moving as if they had less mass While imagining the effects of the Higgs field and Higgs bosons may require some mental gymnastics, actually finding the elusive particle was an even bigger challenge.

The Higgs boson can be produced from very high-energy hadron collisions, but it decays instantaneously into electrons or photons, but physicists didn't know exactly what energy would produce them or what they might decay into, so they searched through the remains. Something from the collision that couldn't be explained by the other particles in the Standard Model was like searching for a needle. in a haystack and so in the end, despite claims from Fermilab in Chicago that they might have evidence of Higgs by the end of 2009, such evidence never materialized and when the large hadron collider fired up again and began its experiments at the end That year, Terrortron's hopes began to fade.

The initial sprint turned into a grueling marathon that lasted until 2012 with a quadrillion proton collisions in the 27-kilometer-long accelerator, but on July 4 CERN finally announced its success: the definitive detection of two of the instruments. of the LHC with enough statistical confidence to distinguish it from background noise, the Higgs boson and the Higgs field actually existed almost 50 years after they conceived their theory. Peter Higgs and Francois Anglair won a Nobel Prize for the final piece of the Standard Model. puzzle now the Higgs boson is found alongside 60 other unique fundamental elementary particles that make up the standard model.

The current model includes not only ordinary matter but also antimatter with opposite charges but identical properties that form exotic composite particles and annihilate with normal matter on contact. There are 36 different flavors and colors of quarks and antiquarks, various leptons and antileptons plus the gauge bosons and the singular higgs. As far as we know, the standard model is complete, these 61 particles are enough to explain everything that happens or has happened. in the history of the universe and using this structure and subsequent advances in particle physics over the last 50 years, science is finally in a position to move away from the unimaginably microscopic to the unfathomably huge and consider how the smallest pieces came to build a universe when Physicists attempt to calculate the number of fundamental particles in the observable universe using known ratios, measured distances, and established masses.

The number they reach is almost unimaginably enormous, counting only the quarks that form the protons and neutrons in hydrogen and helium atoms and the electrons that are associated with those atoms, the count reaches more than three vigintillions, that is, a three followed by 80 zeros, but even with this staggeringly large number of particles, when distributed over the vast volume of the observable universe, their average being about one quark-sized particle per cubic meter may come as no surprise that most of the space is actually empty space or at least not matter, despite its experimental integrity, the standard model falls far short of explaining the composition of the universe as a whole because it is actually only five percent of matter.

In the universe it is what we would consider normal matter, what makes up stars, planets and human beings, the rest is shrouded in mystery. Dark matter, believed to be responsible for structuring the universe on the largest scales and holding rotating galaxies together, makes up about 25. It is more than five times more abundant than Standard Model particles, although we still don't know. exactly what it is and finally the remaining 70 of the cosmos appear to be dark energy, the mysterious force that appears to be linked to the modern The accelerated expansion of the universe if we know little about dark matter, we know even less about dark energy despite its overwhelming predominance, these vast mysteries may still elude us, but from the matter we can touch, see and experience, we can piece together a history stretching back to the first fraction of a second after the big bang a billion billion billion second after the beginning of the In the universe as we know it, the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces came together into one large singular force and the particles, if present, would be very different.

As we understand them today, there would be no gluons, photons or w and z bosons, perhaps just a unique type of boson that would become the progenitor of all the other particles that will come as the cosmic temperature drops and exponential inflation occurs. Messenger bosons are beginning to emerge, but they are not yet as we might expect. They have no mass and the temperatures and energy are still too high for interactions between particles. Their distinctive behaviors have not yet been realized. It takes a relative eon for things to change by about a trillionth of a second.

After the big bang, when the nascent cosmos has cooled to just a quadrillion degrees, the Higgs field finally emerges in the entire volume of space bosons, the quarks and leptons that interact with the field gain mass and some of the expected interactions between particles begin to take place. It is still too hot, however, and the particles still have too much energy for the quarks to coalesce into something larger and exist as a turbulent, well-mixed quark-gluon plasma. The ultimate cosmic soup now has all the ingredients for the universe as we know it, but it will. It will take the next 370,000 years for it to freeze into something we can recognize The young universe must crawl out step by step from the hole that particle physics has dug Quarks must assemble into composite hadrons Protons and neutrons must join together to form atomic nuclei and Electrons must join those nuclei to form the first uncharged atoms, combine atoms into molecules, and finally assemble the physical objects of the universe.

Everything we've seen experienced today is just an unimaginably complex Russian doll of smaller and smaller particles located inside particles, except that there is no final layer of reality to peel off, as it is by no means certain that particles exist in the smallest possible scales. The type of scales on which individual quarks, leptons, and bosons exist. Quantum mechanics is a law and cannot be ignored. In essence, this theory considers that the fundamental units of matter exist simultaneously as a particle and a wave. Thanks to quantum uncertainty, it is impossible to precisely determine both the position and momentum of moving particles, meaning that they are at best described by a probability distribution.

Instead of a single point, it is simply not possible to capture a single electron or quark and hold it in your hand or between tiny quantum tweezers because quantum field theory says that it is probably not there, but is little more than a transient spike in the quantum. electrodynamic field that will quickly move away from this perspective, the very concept of particles filling the cosmos is a simplified quantification of expansive and ever-varying fields that are woven through the fabric of space and time, not just the Higgs field or the electromagnetic field, but also In addition to many others, all overlapping and interacting with each other, there are believed to be 24 separate quantum fields permeating the universe, 12 for the various fundamental forces, including mass, nine for quarks, and three for leptons.

Like the ripples of raindrops in a pond, the peaks and troughs of these independent fields interact and interfere with each other, creating semi-stable patterns and larger peaks whose effects propagate beyond the small ripples that generated them. These interference patterns come to define the largest composite particles, the protons, atoms and molecules of our experience, and so on. that is the strange truth lurking at the bottom of the rabbit hole, where the universe is composed solely of fields that interact at their most fundamental level; The tangible matter we cling to so fervently may, in fact, be little more than passing Vigintilian waves of quantum energy.

When Indian philosophers almost 3,000 years ago imagined that nothing is real, they could not have known how right they were. You have been watching the entire history of the universe. Don't forget to like, subscribe and leave a comment to tell us what. you think and see you next time