Rock and Mineral Identification

Hello Fleming College. We have a

rock

and

mineral

identification

test coming up. We have 40

rock

s and

mineral

s there, 21 minerals and 19 rocks. So let's get to work. Let's start with our minerals. Quartz Quartz has a hardness of 7 and is the hardest mineral. in this set The luster is vitreous Non-metallic But be careful because quartz can be almost any color It has a conchoidal fracture No cleft but sometimes it is in the form of a crystal It has sharp edges and is a common rock-forming mineral Calcite It has a hardness of 3 and can be scratched with a knife Its luster is glassy to earthy and non-metallic It has good cleavage and is rhombic It can have many different colors and effervescence with a plagioclase HCL diluted to ten percent It has a hardness of 6 and a non-metallic luster It has white veins and has good cleavage at right angles and twinned grooves.

It is generally light, white or gray in color. Orthoclase. A hardness of 6. Its luster is glassy, ​​non-metallic. It has white veins. It has a good 90 degree neckline. The color is usually light to medium red, but can be white gray or green Biotite and Muscovite With a hardness of 2.5 to 3 it is very soft Its luster is not metallic Perfect basal cleavage It easily divides into thin sheets that are elastic or plastic The color It is opaque to translucent Biotite is always black Muscovite is light brown Green or beige Hornblende With a hardness of 5.5 it is as hard as a knife Its luster is non-metallic vitreous It has a shiny black chipped appearance Its cleavage is not always easy to see Angles of fifty-six degrees and one hundred and twenty-four degrees Color is black to dark green or brown Pyroxene Hardness of 5.5, the same hardness as a knife blade Luster is vitreous to vitreous and non-metallic Color It is light to medium gray or green It has cleavage plains visible at approximately ninety degrees Talc With a hardness of 1 it is very soft and can be scratched with a fingernail The neckline is perfect basal The stripe is white The shine is pearly to non-metallic greasy silky appearance slippery to the touch The color is pale green white yellow or translucent Pyrite Hardness of 6 to 6.5 is harder than a knife blade The luster is metallic, has no indentation and is huge.

The stripe is greenish black or brownish. The color is opaque pale brass yellow. Sometimes called fool's gold. And it is harder than chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite Its hardness is 3.5 to 4 softer than a knife blade. It has no cleavage and is massive The shine is metallic The grain is greenish black Softer than pyrite The color is copper to greenish yellow Graphite Hardness from 1 to 2 Its shine is metallic to opaque The neckline is perfect basal The grain It is black and marks the paper It has a greasy appearance and feel The color is black to steel gray Hematite A hardness of 5.5 to 6.5 The shine is mostly non-metallic It is found in compact red earthy masses, but also can be dull metallic silver The stripe is always red The red dust will come off your hands.

Colors are red, reddish brown, black or metallic steel gray. Magnetite With a hardness of 6, it cannot be scratched with a knife. Its shine is submetallic. Dull metal look. There is no indentation and it is massive. The stripe is black. It's magnetic and it will. affects a compass The color is iron black Plaster With a hardness of 2 it is easily scratched with a fingernail The shine is not metallic Clear crystalline form called celonite Compact variety called alabaster more often in massive form Color usually white also reddish gray or brown Serpentine With a hardness of 2.5 to 4 Cleavage is not prominent Conchoidal fractures Luster is non-metallic, greasy to waxy Texture often has a greasy or slippery feel And color is usually green Barite Hardness A or 2.5 to 3 .5 The luster is non-metallic vitreous, often transparent or translucent The stripe is white The cleavage is perfect basal and prismatic or It can be massive with fractures Specific gravity 4.3 to 4.6 It occurs in tabular crystals in granular form or in compact masses similar to marble Color It is colorless to white yellow brown red green or black Chrysotile Hardness of 2.5 to 4 The texture has flexible fibers that separate easily The shine is non-metallic and silky The colors can be green, white, yellow or brown Galena Hardness of 2. 5 The gloss is metallic The specific gravity of 7.6 The stripe is medium gray and the colors are medium to dark gray. the cleavage is parallel to the faces of the Pyrrhotine crystal cube With a hardness of 3.5 to 4.5 The stripe is grayish black It has no cleavage and a specific gravity of 4.6 It can be yellow to bronze in color and is tarnishes to iridescent colors and can be magnetic and the luster is metallic Sphalerite With a hardness of 3.5 to 4 The luster can be black variety metallic or other common non-metallic colors It has cleavage with a specific gravity of 3.9 to 4 The streak is brown The colors can be yellow brown red or black if iron is present Alright, that will do for the minerals, now let's get into the rocks.

We'll start with granite. Its texture is panoritic with medium to coarse grain. The structure is massive. The color is white to gray, mainly pink. The hardness is greater than 5.5. The composition is composed of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, biotite and hornblende. Basalt. The texture is fine-grained affinitic. The structure is massive, vesicular, amygdaloidal, flow pillows, blocky or columnar. The color is dark gray to black. The hardness is greater than 5 to 6. Its composition consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine. and some hornblende and biotite Limestone Texture is coarse-grained calcareous Structure is characterized by coarse to massive strata May contain fossils particularly in cement Color is variable Hardness is between 3 and 4 Composition should consist of fifty percent or more than calcite Shale texture is fine grained The structure is laminated is divided into thin plates may contain fossils Colors are light to dark gray Iron oxides can give brown and red colors that are opaque Hardness is soft Scratches easily and weathers It can disintegrate in humid climates Its composition consists of silt and clay sized particles and clay minerals Gneiss The texture is uneven granular medium to coarse grained crystalline structure Gneissic bands Parallel mineral orientation alternating light and dark bands The color is light granular layers and dark foliate bands Hardness Granular layers 6 to 7 foliate layers 2.5 to 3 Its composition consists of orthioclase quartz biotite hornblende and is named after the parent rock Marble The texture is even granular Fine to medium grained calcite crystals The structure It is massive The color is white but the accessory minerals will color the rock The hardness is 3 It scratches and erodes easily It consists of calcite or dolomite Rhyolite The texture is aphanitic it can be porphyritic medium to coarse grain The structure is massive The color is light gray , yellow and red The hardness is 6 to 6.5 The composition consists of quartz, sanidine feldspar biotite and hornblende andesite The texture is aphanitic may be fine-grained porphyritic The structure is massive The color is brown green and dark gray The hardness is 5 to 6 and its composition consists of plagioclase hornblende pyroxene and biotite Diorite The texture is phaneritic The coarse grain structure is massive The color is light to dark gray The hardness is 5.5 to 6 The composition consists of more than ten percent quartz with orthioclase plagioclase hornblende and biotite Gabbro The texture is coarse-grained phaneritic The structure is massive The color is dark gray or greenish black The hardness is greater than 5.5 and the composition is composed of plagioclase pyroxene hornblende and olivine Porphyry The texture is porphyritic it has thick crystals it is a light colored matrix The background is fine grained and dark colored ahh the color varies The hardness is greater than 5.5 it is generally collected from the individual mineral the composition varies Nepheline Syenite The texture is phaneritic and coarse-grained Structure has poor division is translucent with oily to glassy luster Colors can be white yellow gray green or even reddish or pinkish Hardness is around 5.5 to 6 Composition is composed of sodalite apatite pyroxene sphene and feldspar Limestone Texture fine-grained calcareous rock Composed mainly of the mineral calcite Layering structure generally indistinguishable, sometimes fossils present on the surface of the rock Color is variable Hardness is ahh 3 to 4 breaking of the dense variety with a conchoidal fracture Should consist of fifty percent or more Dolomite calcite The texture is coarse to fine grained The structure is massive The color is colorless white brown beige, pink or gray The hardness is 3 to 4 very slow effervescence in cold hydrochloric acid Sandstone Texture even size of granular sand The structure is of massive cross stratification and wavy markings The color varies depending on the cement white tan brown red or green The hardness varies depending on the cementing materials quartz grains The composition consists of quartz grains if they are grains of feldspar called arcs silica carbonates clay or iron oxides as cementing agents Talc Shale The texture is medium to coarse grained sensation of talc and flaking Structure Schistose foliation parallel alignment of flaky minerals form more than fifty percent The color is silvery white shades gray yellow to brown due to iron oxides Hardness and ease of cleavage depend on the micaceous minerals present generally soft 1 to 3 Composition consists of the name of the foliation-producing minerals that are present muscovite micas chlorite talc and hornblende Slate The texture is dense and fine-grained The structure is slaty foliation thinner layers parallel alignment of mica flakes without fossils The color is usually medium to dark gray or black green purple red brown and bright luster The hardness is easily scratched with a knife and It is brittle Its parent rocks are shale or shale Quartzite The texture is even granular fine sugary medium grain Massive structure with thick delineated layers of imperceptible original grains The color is white when pure from light to dark gray or brown to pink due to minerals accessories Hardness is 7 hard but brittle with splintering fractures Bedrock is sandstone grains rich in quartz and cement Muscovite shale Texture is medium to coarse grained with a talc-like, flaky feel.

The structure is schistose foliation. The parallel alignment of flaky minerals constitutes fifty percent. The color is silvery white, yellow-gray with brown tones due to iron oxides. The hardness and ease of cleavage depend on the micaceous minerals. present that are soft from 1 to 3 The composition named according to the most visible leaf-producing mineral in the rock