Winners & Losers - Episode 3: Planets

Hello and welcome to

episode

3 of Winners and Losers. It was back in 2014 when I started this series and a lot of people have asked me to continue it so I decided to do just that, so thanks to everyone who suggested the topic.

planets

well the eight

planets

of our solar system anyway I won't include Pluto because as a dwarf planet that is part of the Kuiper belt anyway making planets is a topic for

winners

and

losers

is quite different from

episode

s one and two because most of the categories you looked at don't really apply here, nothing involving population or economics for example only applies to Earth now, one thing I can do the same as in the first two episodes is start by looking at the size, now planets can be grouped into three categories of terrestrial planets, gas giants and ice giants, the largest being obviously Jupiter, so how big is Jupiter?

Well, Jupiter has a diameter of almost one hundred and forty-three thousand kilometers, approximately 11 times larger than that of the Earth, its equatorial circumference is 439 thousand kilometers. a greater distance from Earth to the Moon that took the Apollo 11 space flight more than three days to complete and in each direction, if it were somehow possible to fly a commercial airliner around the planet without stopping, it would take 488 hours to circumnavigate, that it's more. more than twenty days and a parallel universe if the Earth were the size of Jupiter, the largest country, Russia would be more than 2 billion square kilometers, all this to tame the surface of the current Earth.

The Vatican SETI on Jupiter would be nice, actually still quite small. At only 55 square kilometers and actually still smaller than the other enclave countries of Italy, San Marino, at 61 square kilometers, the small island nation of Haiti would be larger than the Earth, India, at more than 3.3 million square kilometers, if you drive from Land's End to John O'Groats, the two extreme points on Britain's åland would take one hundred and seventy-six hours to travel by car; a flight across the Atlantic from London to New York would take 77 hours if this imaginary planet had the same population density as Earth, its population would be 896 billion now of course the Earth as a whole actually has a pretty low population density, with all the ocean and countries pretty empty like Canada, Australia, so what if this plan had a population density of somewhere like Monacle, one of the most densely populated? areas in the world, well, such an absurd planet would have a population of 1.3 trillion or approximately the population of one hundred and eighty thousand Earths.

Looking at the planets by volume and competing with the largest and the smallest, Jupiter is twenty-three thousand five hundred times the volume. of mercury if we visualize this in terms of liquid if the mercury were in a tablespoon of water Jupiter would have almost 60 liters not only is Jupiter huge but it is also massive and by that I mean its mass now the smallest of the planets by size and by mass it is almost in the same order except for one difference Uranus and Neptune in third and fourth place are swapped, this means that although Uranus is larger, Neptune is more massive, this is because it has a higher density than its planet neighbor, once again Jupiter is the most massive, while Mercury is the least massive, in fact Jupiter is so massive that it has about 2.5 times the mass of the other seven planets combined, but despite being so massive It is almost nothing compared to the Sun, the Sun constitutes ninety-nine points. eight six percent of the mass of the entire solar system Jupiter is approximately 1,000 times less massive looking at the opposite end of the spectrum at the smallest and least massive planet in the solar system Mercury the closest planet to the Sun has a circumference of 15,000 329 kilometers , this is almost exactly the same distance as the world's longest out-of-stock flight in late history, Singapore Airlines Flight 21 from Newark to Singapore and an Airbus A340 that took just under 19 hours, so if the Earth outside the size of Mercury, it would be possible to circumnavigate it. the entire planet and a commercial passenger plane without stopping the trip from Land's End to John O'Groats would take only hours of sex and an escape across the Atlantic only 2 hours and 50 minutes the population of said fictional planet would be a little more than 1 billion dollars, Mercury's Russia would be 2.5 million square kilometers, still pretty tough to be fair, but 3 orders of magnitude smaller than Jupiter's Russia (now Mercury's Vatican City), like You can imagine, it would be quite small at only 0.065 square kilometers or 65,000 square meters, that is, approximately 16. acres or between 8 and 10 football fields, depending on the exact dimension of the patch, you could celebrate 52 of these cities of mercury and the Vatican in New York's Central Park.

Well, let's get back to reality now with the planets, the bats are life size of course, any image like this. which shows the planets with relative sizes the scale is important to remember that the distances between them are not this is how the distances between the planets are seen but know that the sizes are not to scale assist you to show the solar system with size and essence of scale in a youtube video is literally impossible because all the planets would be smaller than the size of a single pixel. This is because the distances between the planets are very fast relative to the actual sizes of the planets, for example the distance from the Sun.

In fact, trying to make a scale model of the solar system in any context is extremely challenging. However, despite this, the largest scale model in the world has been made several times, the solar system is in Sweden and extends throughout the country the Sun is represented by a covered stadium called Ericsson Globe in Stockholm an acrylic model of Neptune with a diameter of 2.5 meters is located in a small town about 229 kilometers away okay, enough about size and mass Let's go ahead and look at the rotation and orbit periods of the plants, which is the time it takes for each planet to rotate around its own axis and orbit the Sun, so here is a list of the eight planets with their days in years.

Now, a couple of things may jump out at you as being a little strange. The first thing you probably noticed is that the day on Earth is equal to 0.99, 7 days wrong, so how does that make sense? For this, we must understand the difference between a solar day and a lateral day. ddod all numbers in this table represent a DD of these, that is, how long it takes the planet to complete one revolution around its own axis; However, a solar day is the time it takes for the Sun to reach the same point in the sky relative to that. planet on earth this is our day this is exactly 24 hours by definition however I say that the DDL day is actually about four minutes shorter the reason for this is that the Earth has to go a little more than 360 degrees around its axis so that the Sun is in the same possession because the Earth has moved about one degree around its orbit, this actual rotation is how we get the Manor difference between a solar day and a sidereal day .

The difference is even smaller for gas and ice giants whose rotation periods are very fast and orbital periods quite slow, meaning that the difference is negligible. It was once heard that for the two planets closest to the Sun, this difference is quite considerable. They're going back to the chart again and you may have noticed that a day on Venus is actually longer than its year. Venus takes longer to complete one revolution around its own axis than it does to complete one orbit around the Sun, of course. , this refers to a sidereal day, a solar day on Venus is approximately 116 Earth days, which makes the penis especially interesting.

Since Venus is the only plane in the solar system that rotates clockwise when viewed from above, known as retrograde rotation, since it rotates opposite to the Earth, this means that on Venus the Sun would rise by the west and I would say that I would return by the east. to the initial T or once again and you will also be able to notice the length of years related to the planets destined for the Sun, you will notice that the further a planet is from the Sun, the longer the IRA, the reason for this is Kepler. third law of planetary motion which states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit and in simple terms it can be considered as the long radius ellipse using P as Earth years and ay units astronomical, the distance from the Sun to the Earth, the equation is simply P squared equals a cube, plotted on a graph, we can see the relationship between the fates of the Sun and the orbital period of all the planets now since we know all the orbital periods of the planets, therefore we could calculate how old a person would be on other planets compared to that on Earth: years, the time it takes a plan to complete one orbit around the Sun, for example, a person Born and raised on Mars, let's say January 1, 1990, today she would be about 15 years old, on Mercury, 116 years old on Jupiter, lesson two and a half, and on the other three giant planets, that person would not have yet completed a single year, unless If you're watching this video after June 17, 2019, when the person's first birthday on Saturn would move to the next category of moons, you probably won't be surprised to learn that the planet with the most moons is Jupiter.

Some even refer to it as their own solar system with so many natural satellites. Now, how many moons Jupiter actually has is more difficult than you might think. The last number is 69 minutes and two more have not been discovered this year. The number of moons Jupiter actually has changes all the time and may be different depending on when you are watching this video. The four main moons of Jupiter are Io Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, known collectively as the Galilean moons and are by far the most massive of Jupiter's moons, in fact their combined masses represent 99.997% of the total mass of Jupiter. the moons of Jupiter.

Now Ganymede is the largest and most massive moon in the entire solar system, it has a radius of about 40 percent of Earth's and is actually larger than the In fact, the planet Mercury doesn't even make the top ten. as the largest object in the solar system. Saturn also has a moon larger than Mercury known as Titan. The largest moons in the solar system are mostly dominated by the Galilean moons of Jupiter, but Erin. Ashley comes in at number five and Neptune's largest moon comes in at number seven, although our own moon is only the fifth largest, it's actually the largest proportional to the planet it orbits anyway, like I said, Jupiter obviously has the largest number of moons and the largest moon, Saturn. comes in our close second place with 62 moons and also the second largest moon, then the two H giants in third and fourth place, there are only three moons among the four terrestrial planets.

Mars has two and of course Earth has only one, Venus and Mercury have none. end this video of I'm going to see the axial inclination, this is the angle of deference between the equator of a planet and its orbital plane. You may already know that the Earth is tilted at an angle of 23 degrees to its orbit. It is believed that this has It was caused by a giant impact, but four and a half billion years ago it tilted the Earth and the debris from the collision became the Moon. This axial axis on Earth is what causes us to have different seasons.

Now the Earth is not unique in this sense. The planets can be grouped into three categories as far as the axis is concerned, first there is Mercury and Jupiter, these are the more normal planets with only a very slight tilt, then we have the planets that have a significant tail like the Earth, so here we have Earth, Mars. Saturn and Neptune, which have an angle of about 20-odd degrees, finally we have the eccentric planets V and Uranus, which are quite strange. Earlier in the video I mentioned that Venus rotates clockwise and is the only planet that does so, as the axial tail is one hundred and seventy-seven point four degrees relative to its orbit, which can also be considered as Two point six degrees retrograde, basically everything in the solar system rotates and orbits counterclockwise, including the Sun, so Venus should certainly rotate counterclockwise, it doesn't.

It is known exactly why Venus may have been caused by some type of cosmic collisions similar to those of Earth or more recent hypotheses have suggested that the rotation of the planets may have slowed down and eventually reversed due to the tidal effects of the Sun and others. planets now, this Uranus, which is possibly even stranger, Uranus has an axial tail of 98 degrees relative to its orbit, which can also be defined as 82 degreesretrograde, this means that Uranus actually turns sideways. Uranus has an equator that is approximately perpendicular to its orbit. This means that during the northern hemisphere the summer around the North Pole would be the hottest part of the planet and the Sun would be visible all the time and the rotation of Uranus would not have the same day-night cycle effect that we have again on Earth.

I completely understood how exactly this happened, but again, it may have been a giant shock. Well, that's it for episode 3 of

winners

and

losers

. I hope you enjoyed it and don't hesitate to leave your suggestions for episode 4. Now Squarespace offers you this episode whenever you need a domain website or an online store make your next move with Squarespace, yes you need to think and create a beautiful website, start your free trial today at squarespace.com and use the offer accordingly. I wonder why get 10% off your first purchase, so thanks. to Squarespace for sports in this video and thanks to you for watching