Who Really Built The Pyramids And Other Mysteries Of Ancient Egypt | Lost Treasures | Timeline

Pres the Nile, the longest river in the world from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean, flows more than 4,000 miles on the banks of this great waterway deep in

ancient

times lived one of the most notable civilizations in all of history. Its history came to an end 2,000 years ago. Even as our knowledge of their life is detailed, the texts they wrote and the monuments they

built

reveal a nation of mysterious gods, notable rulers, and achievements far ahead of their time. This was the nation of

ancient

Egypt here in Luxor, modern Luxor on both sides of the river was the great city of the ancient robbers, one of the largest cities of the ancient world and it was here the religious capital of the New Kingdom where they were

built

most of the great monuments of ancient Egypt, even Homer knew it, he wrote about it in The Iliad in book nine and talks about a hundred thieves with doors, Egyptian thieves where gold ingots shine, there are great temples on the East Bank here for the Living God, amoon temples in luor and carak and in the West Bank we have temples of the Dead Gods, the mortuary temples of the great Kings and hidden in the Thean Hills, is the Valley of the Kings where practically all the pharaohs of the New Kingdom from approximately 1570 to 1085 BC.

C. were buried in that Hidden Valley and, of course, the best known is Tutan's car Moon the birth of Egypt is one of the first events in recorded history tens of thousands of years ago the Nile River began to flood annually these silk-rich waters of the African interior produced fertile lands on the banks of the river in a The desert region in which the Egyptians lived was governed by

other

factors, especially the Nile. The Nile was for them like an enormous clock that organized their world and therefore They had to be attentive to it, that's why they had to think in the way of the Nile. and the agricultural cycle, that's why when you talk about spring, summer, autumn and winter, you don't find that in ancient Egypt you find it in ancient Egypt in the anointing of the emergence of the plants and the so-called summer three seasons for the fourth millennium.

BC the banks of the Nile were extensively populated mainly these people were farmers they grew fruits and arable crops they raised livestock and threw nets into the Nile for the fish trade and crafts they also practiced pottery from that time it has survived perfectly intact many of the world's museums They include examples of Egyptian work from more than 5,000 years in early times Egypt was divided in two Lower Egypt was the name given to the swampy land around the Nile Delta. Upper Egypt comprised the dry Nile valley to the south. This division did not last long according to Legend that around the year 3100 BC.

C. all of Egypt was united under one ruler, King Menz. Egypt became a unified state around the end of the fourth millennium, but we do not know exactly how this happened and we no longer believe that there was a single king. Who did this? It seems that there were several small states in Egypt distributed mainly across the Nile Valley and the Nile Valley culture conquered the Delta culture and after that there came to be a single state in Egypt, but this was probably hundreds of years before the menis, who is essentially a figure of legend; We do not know if such a person

really

existed or not.

At the beginning of the third millennium B.C. Egypt was ruled by hereditary monarchs, the first being the pharaohs for the next 3,000 years. years when the pharaohs ruled the land of Egypt, their names have survived through the ages, most of them are obscure, some of them are well known to this day. The term Pharaoh first appears in Greek historical writers of the 3rd century BC. C. and it is a way of translating it. The Egyptian words per roughly mean something like big house and is a way of describing the monarchy in terms of the physical space it inhabits, in the same way that Britain talks about 10 Downing Street when referring to the British government.

This is how the Egyptians spoke. about the per when they were referring to royalty, but it is important to say that the pharaohs themselves never refer to themselves as per is a kind of convenient shorthand, the pharaohs always refer to themselves by their elaborate quintuple titles, of which according to RR it has not been part since Roman times this long list of monarchs has been classified by dynasties successions of pharaohs with a strong family connection these dynasties are further classified into periods and kingdoms the kingdoms represent the most important ages in Egyptian history the first of The Old Kingdom began with the Third Dynasty in the 27th century BC.

It was based south of present-day Cairo, in the ancient city of Memphis. There is no doubt that the greatest achievement of the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom, which is still a source of admiration today, are the monuments of geometric design that will last forever. being associated with Egypt the

pyramids

built as tombs for the kings who commissioned them their continued survival is testament to the power of the pharaohs the first of the

pyramids

was the so-called step pyramid built for the pharaoh zor of the third dynasty at Sakara not long later in Giza built the largest of all the pyramids, this is the pyramid of Pharaoh Kops of the 4th dynasty, it was originally 481 feet high, it was the largest ever built and was completed in the 26th century BC.

C. It remained the tallest building in the world until the 19th century AD. The adjacent pyramids of Krine and Mycerinus are no less impressive, built from enormous carved stone bricks, a pioneering material in Egypt. They remain true wonders of the ancient world and the pure mineral that pyramids like these continue to inspire their existence is historically significant. They show that during the Old Kingdom Egypt was a land of prosperity. They also claim that the Egyptians possessed remarkable administrative skills. The number of workers involved in the construction of the pyramid numbered in the tens of thousands. A large number of men were also needed in the south. of the country working in the stone quarries to organize such a workforce would be a challenge in the modern world these great tombs also demonstrate a vital and enduring feature of Egyptian life the importance of making provisions for death Egyptians see death and the More There very much like a replication of life on Earth, so what you want to achieve in the afterlife is largely what you have here on Earth, which means having the same kind of physical state, having the same office, for example, the same job, etc. and it also means moving between the world of the dead and the world of the living in a way that is perhaps quite difficult for us to understand, I think because we consider them to be quite separate spheres, whereas the Egyptians considered them to be something much more closely linked. . so it is possible for the living to write letters to the dead asking them for specific favors and the Egyptians certainly believe that the dead have the power to grant those favors, so it is both a continuation of life on Earth but it is also a life that enters a It is a kind of special Dimension that we

really

have no concept of as to the type of Provisions that are made to guarantee a smooth journey to the Beyond, obviously the optimal one is the grave because that is the place where you will be . reborn and where the cyclical process of rebirth continues because the Egyptians do not believe that one is reborn just once but continues to be reborn according to the way the sun rises and sets, so you don't just have one rebirth, you have many, many and you need to have an appropriate space for that to happen and the grave is the main provision they have for the afterlife and to ensure their rebirth, discover the past with exclusive historical documentaries and adree podcasts presented by the world. -renowned historians, all from history, watch on your smart TV or on the go with your mobile device, download the app now to explore everything from the wonders of ancient Pompeii and the mystery of the princes in the tower to life by Anne bin and Sign up for D-Day via link in description, Egyptians believed in the concept of life force, a spiritual component of existence whose most important aspect was the automobile, in the Egyptian belief system, the automobile It was a duplicate of the physical body that continued to live after death, however, for the car to survive, the physical body also needed to survive by placing the corpse inside a huge seemingly safe structure, like a pyramid, it was intended to be preserved. for all eternity to prevent the decomposition of the body, the Egyptians were pioneers. a preservation technique that is also forever associated with their civilization the technique of mummification what would happen would be that the body of the deceased would be opened and the internal organs would be removed and the brain would be removed from the head and the heart.

In some cases it would be put back into the body, but no

other

part, so basically you would have an empty body cavity, although it would have its wall etc., and then it would be dried by packing it in Natron. Natron is a natural product. salt which will dry the body and once it has dried, it will be treated with various aromatic oils, resins and things like that and it will be wrapped in a large amount of linen and during all this time, which would normally take 70 for several days rituals would be performed as the whole process occurred and finally, in the end, the body would be put in a coffin and perhaps in a nest of coffins in several coffins, one inside another, and they would be buried, but the internal organs that were removed. of the body were placed in separate containers known as canopic vessels and there they were preserved in liquids in oils and resins, so a correctly mummified body would be made up of both the Mummy itself and the set of canopic vessels that the Egyptians knew in the beginnings.

The mummification processes were explained in mythological terms with the death of the god Oseris at the hands of his brother Seth to prevent the survival of his spirit. Seth dismembered the corpse of his brother, however, Aeris' widow, Isis, managed to gather the remains of her husband and successfully mummified them. became the ruler of the underworld in the Egyptian Pantheon both Aeris and Isis were grandsons of the supreme deity, the sun god Rah, like other Egyptian gods, Rah was pictorially depicted with a human body and an animal head, in his case was also a hawk. symbolized by the solar disk and obelisk throughout Egyptian history Rah remained by far the most important of the many gods worshiped at that time.

The obelisks that survive both in Egypt and elsewhere are testament to his durability. The Egyptian system of worship is a subject that can be difficult to fully understand. It never became a theologically founded religion in the modern sense. The large number of different divinities recorded can be puzzling. In part, this complexity arises from the existence of localized gods. Individuals worshiped their own individual deities each community had nine gods headed by the three most important, these were known as Triads, a divine trio of man, wife and son in Thees, central Egypt, the local gods were Ammon, their Mut wife and son.

K these gods would turn out to be especially important because the city that worshiped them became important the first six dynasties are the Old Kingdom and then we have an intermediate period, a dark age when the Central Authority collapsed and that began around 2180 BC. C. and then at the end of the first intermediate period as we call it here princes. to the Rose robbers and they took over the country and we have the great Middle Kingdom, the 11th and 12th dynasties with the temple here in der bahi of the King menu hotep, who starts it all, but again collapsed unfortunately at the end of the 12th dynasty. has a second intermediate period And then after that Dark Ages, around 1570 BC.

C. The high water mark of ancient Egyptian history begins, the New Kingdom, Dynasties 18 to 20, when we have all the famous names during the first of these two great ages, the Thean. The pharaohs of the 12th Dynasty presided over a 200-year period of prosperity; However, this period marks the end of one of Egypt's most famous activities since the late 19th century BC. The practice of pyramid building simply disappeared despite the end of Egyptian pyramid building. Concern for the preservation of the Dead remained as important as ever during the Middle Kingdom. Large-scale construction projects also continued. Around this time one of the most beautiful architectural relics preserved in all of Egypt was begun.

Built on the eastern bank of the Nile in the new capital of the thieves, the temple of Caret grew into a huge complex of buildings that can still be seen today. The temple complexes of Luxor and Carak are the most symbolically important religious structures in Egypt and once the religious capital was moved to uh Luxor in the early 18th century. So, all the pharaohs of the 18th, 19th and20 also invested in construction projects there, so it is a constant accumulation process, somewhat similar to medieval cathedrals. I think you know, whereby individuals added a chapel here and a hall there to an already large religious structure and the temple eventually became quite large.

The entire eastern bank of the Nile around the Luxa area eventually becomes a huge sacral complex that also connects to the temples on the other side of the Nile, so not only is it linked to these banks they also have links to the temples of Derl Bakri and Darl Medina in the east, so we could think of the entire area as one huge temple complex, not just Luxor and Carak. The temple complex of Carak covers an area of ​​approximately 1 square mile and was built and modified over a period of 1,500 years. Its courtyards, temples, obelisks, pylons and sanctuaries made it unparalleled in all of Egypt.

It provides a massive physical expression of the dominance of the Thean triad of gods the precinct of the temple of amun is the central feature of the complex as you enter the precinct through an avenue of ram-headed sphinxes, the modern visitor is transported back in time here at the temple of aloon in carac there are many inscriptions that tell us they talk about the great conquest of the pharaohs like T Moses I thir seti the 1 and so on and In fact, we can see the names of the cities that they conquered written here in hieroglyphs and you see that there is a captive at the top and we know immediately that They are Semitic, they are from Syria.

There are other examples where we have Nubians from southern Egypt. so the complete list of the conquered cities is inscribed here so that everyone can read it on the walls and know about the great king. The enormous grand court area contains a reminder of the building's spiritual purpose. This is the chapel of pharaoh Seti II which contains spaces for images of the three thean divinities Amon in the center mut on the left and cons on the right Seti II was a pharaoh of the New Kingdom the third great period of Egyptian history and the greatest Some of the great construction work in Carac comes from that period.

So the modern style hall in the Carac temple is what people consider the most impressive part. It is a tall column that has almost 150 columns and was built at a date that is not very certain, but probably around 1300 BC. uh it's possible that the columns that form the center are a little older, but there is controversy about that, so the hyy room is essentially the largest interior space of the temple, which also had a certain amount of light because the central column It was taller than the side columns and there were windows in the space between the two heights, it is an extraordinary and impressive place to visit, but it has a very strange feature to the modern eye, which is that there are effectively no lines of sight through it. him, you can look down. the center, but you can't look through it because of the forest of columns, but in ancient Egypt they didn't use arches to span spaces in stone, so they couldn't place the columns more than a certain distance away, so if You want to roof a very large space in stone, this is how you did it and it has this very impressive appearance but apparently strange to us now and you have to remember that the interiors of the temples in Egypt were generally not visited by the public, so This enormous space was there to impress the God by the lavishness of what the king did for him and for the people because they knew that this enormous structure had been built for the God but the people themselves did not want to visit it.

The Magnificent pillars of the great hyperstyle The Halls were commissioned by Pharaoh Amah hotep III, a king of the 18th dynasty of the 14th century BC. C., the same dynasty also produced this magnificent obelisk, one of two originally built, 100 feet high, it was built by hatchepsut, the first queen of Egypt who became pharaoh at her expense. Right here next to the Sacred Lake we have a fallen obscus, one of two that the Queen wore to the great Queen who ruled alone in the early 15th century BC. C., she erected it and here we see her in the oish dressed as a king with the king's crown and she is with as she described her father the god only fortunately the oblisk has fallen so that we can clearly see the features of the Queen and its sign that says Martra there, that is her personal name, her power becomes obvious not only because it is the tallest obelisk preserved in all of Egypt, but the most memorable thing is that on the other side of the Nile from Carak is her Temple.

Mory, a building that shows that the importance of death for the Egyptians did not disappear with the arrival of the pyramids. A wide causeway, the Temple structure is built against massive limestone cliffs and partially cut from them. It is a remarkable structure with three huge terraces defined by impressive Colonas. The huge ramp between the first and second levels is not only simple and practical, but also increases the drama of the entire structure, while the relief sculptures depict events from the life of the pharaoh queen. This enormous monument was only rediscovered in the Modern Age. It represents possibly the largest excavation work ever undertaken by the 19th century archaeologist AUST Mariette, much of our knowledge of ancient Egypt. is the result of archaeological research the 19th century saw the beginnings of large-scale archaeological work in Egypt thanks to the excavations of men such as AUST Mariette Giovani belone John G Wilkinson fenders Petri and Howard Carter we now possess a wealth of knowledge from the 3,000 years of Egyptian history and excavations continue to this day our knowledge of ancient Egypt is greatly enhanced by the ability of modern scholars to understand Egyptian hieroglyphic texts before the 19th century the ability to read this strange pictorial language had been completely

lost

was only thanks to After the discovery of a famous stone slab, these mysterious images could finally lose their meaning.

It was known after the place where the Rosetta Stone was found. This world famous artifact was discovered in 1799 in Rosetta, northern Egypt, made of bassal. It was unearthed by a French soldier, a member of Napoleon's Egyptian forces, a French archaeological group was also in Egypt at the same time and it soon became apparent that this was a significant find now that the Rose Stone was discovered in 1799 in Egypt . a decree dated 196 BC. C. which is inscribed in Egyptian in the form of hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic, which is an everyday form of the language, eh, and also in Greek, so it gave the opportunity to compare the hieroglyphic writing with the Greek that was known and in About the basis of the Rosetta Stone, it was possible to suggest values ​​for some of the hieroglyphs and eventually decipher the language.

The person who did it was Jean François Shampoo in 1822. He did not publish a reading of the entire Rosetta Stone, but a reading of important ones. names that appeared in it mainly names like the names of the tmis themselves. From there he was able to continue deciphering other Egyptian hieroglyphs and thus move towards understanding the Egyptian language as a whole, the ability to read Egyptian texts, whether in relief sculptures or papyrus scrolls has allowed a large number to emerge. of details about Egyptian history and life. We now know why many of the relief images of Hat Shepsut carved in the Great Temple of her appear to have been deliberately damaged;

It was part of a campaign by his successor, Pharaoh Tmos III. Hatchepsut was the widow of Pharaoh Tmos II and when he died they had not produced air, the succession passed to a young son of one of the late king's concubines, as a lesser Hatchepsut ruled as a region, but his authority was such that the male ruler nominal He had to wait until his death 20 years later to ascend to the throne full of bitterness and jealousy. The eventual Pharaoh Tmos II set out to destroy Queen Pharaoh's legacy. This ancient tale explains the damage to the relief images in the temple of het chaput.

We also know what tmos searched for. To obscure the large obelisks built by his earlier predecessor, having built a hyperstyle with columns around them, he then surrounded the obelisks with a giant sandstone structure so that only their pinnacles protruded above in later times, however, the obscuring stone was removed and Shot's great monument can still be seen today beside the sacred lake, just 50 meters south of its first location. The waters of this small lake were used by the temple priests before carrying out important rituals in honor of the god Ammon kak. The temple has a sacred lake. because the boats are very important in the cult of the gods that took place in that Temple, which revolved around the processions of the image of the cult of the god that were actually carried in large-scale boats on the shoulders of the priest and these boats would also be launched into the sacred lake in the temple so it would be used for that and it all relates to how the sacred boat in which the Divine image is carried is a reflection of the boat in which the Divine image is transported. the sun travels on its journey around the earth the lake is a reminder of the spiritual purpose of the temple the worship of Amun and the Thean Triad of all the ceremonies performed in their honor there was none more important than the opet festival once a year at the time of the flooding of the Nile the images of Ammon mut and K would be carried down the river to the Second Great Temple of the thieves the Temple of Luxor like the Temple of Carnac the construction of the Temple of Luxor took place during a During centuries, modifications were still made to it in Roman times.

Its initial structure was built by the great pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty Amon Hotep III and his work can still be admired. The 14 columns that make up its colonnade are one of the most dramatic features of The temple next to it is a large courtyard also built by Amon Hotep filled with columns. Religious processions would have passed here through the Hyperstyle Hall to the secret chapels of the temple. The Temple of Luxa is much less expansive than Carac in size. It was more than 300 M long from top to bottom and I say from top to bottom because it is oriented from north to south and not from east to west as Carac looks or looks towards Carac and it was a very important temple that was probably built as a sanctuary seasonal that was used for particular rituals related to what happened to the particular king and when the carak god Amon Ray visited the Luxor Temple, the Temple luau probably dates back to the New Kingdom and was perhaps started around 1500 BC.

C. and its main expansion. then it was in the mid 14th century, say around 1370, that kind of date and then again under Rames II from about 1279 onwards and then in the Roman period, interestingly, it became a shrine for the cult of the Roman emperor in the 3rd century AD, so this idea that it was commonly associated with the King evidently survived for about 2,000 years, but it is a much more limited development than that in Carck, a processional alley was finally built between lsaw and Carac that in the late period in the four Century BC it became an alley with sphinxes on both sides along the entire path between the two temples so at that date luor as a whole the city of luau was a ceremonial space where these existed processional paths that define the entire city when admiring the work of Amon hotep. architecture in Luxa it is reasonable for the modern visitor to consider that the true purpose of his work was to honor the great god Ammon or the great pharaoh Amon hotep.

There is no doubt that Amon hotep was especially interested in being remembered through the construction of physical monuments. This can be clearly seen with the statues known as the Colossi of Menon situated near the West Bank of the Nile. 60 feet tall. These enormous seated figures are all that remains of his Mory temple more than 3,000 years after the death of its builder. Faceless figures survive as a reminder of his rule over Egypt. We know that the reign of Ammon Hotep was a glorious time for his nation for almost 40 years. He presided over a period of prosperity, while his diplomatic skills meant it was also a period of peace.

No doubt. that Amon hotep III was one of the greatest pharaohs the survival of the colossi of Menon and the Temple of Luxor can be seen as a dramatic testimony to the wisdom of his rule his status was also reflected in more humane ways during his lifetime his damage was It is said that 300 visitors to the Temple of Luxor cannot help but remember another great pharaoh of the New Kingdom next to the colonnade of Amon hotep. This king built an extension to the original temple. At its entrance there is a pylon more than 75 feet high next to it.

To this end he erected not only a superb pink granite obelisk, but also almost equally impressive statues of himself. These are the images of the pharaoh that some consider the greatest of all. A king of the 19th Dynasty whose rule lasted 67 years in the 13th century BC. His name is familiar. For many people with only the slightest knowledge of ancient Egypt this is an image of Rames II II is one of those unique characters that arefound in history he wanted so many things and finally achieved them wanted wanted to live a long life lived more than 80 years, probably even 90, wanted to rule for a long time, ruled for at least 67 years, wanted to be known as a warrior king, was a warrior king, he fought for at least the first 20 years of his career as a king, I wouldn't say he was the best strategist Egypt has ever produced compared to Moses II, he was actually second grade, however he is more famous to close the second as a warrior.

R II is one of the very few. characters who left their roots not only in ancient Egypt but in the ancient world. He is known and was known throughout the ancient Near East. He was known in Syria, Palestine. He was known in Asia Minor. He had a treaty in Asia with the Hies. They were in Asia Minor in 1258 BC. C. he had secured a peace with his enemies that lasted the remaining 46 years of his reign; During that time he carried out an astonishing program of building works dedicated to his own glory on the West Bank of the Nile.

He built an imposing temple of Mory now known as Ramum, although in disrepair now once dominated by a statistic of Ramses more than 50 feet high. Perhaps not surprisingly, ramses also sought to extend the temple of luxa beyond the enormous pylon. He built a large Court adjoining the original structure here the spiritual significance of the temple is represented by a small temple dedicated to the Thean Triad in the context of The Magnificent Court seems almost insignificant, it is the glory of Ramses that is expressed here in front of the familiar rows of The columns are even more statues of the Pharaoh.

In modern terms, we might call this evidence of a personality cult for a civilization whose rulers were often considered living gods. It would not have seemed unusual for Pharaoh's relationship with the gods in ancient Egypt to be terribly important because the ancient Egyptians saw Pharaoh as a God on Earth; In fact, he was the incarnation of the god Horus, who is the son of Osiris, the god of the dead, and that is why very often in the reliefs we see him being breastfed in the lap of a goddess or even being breastfed by her and then again we see him as a god offering to the gods offering flowers pots of water wine Etc and then in return we also see the gods such as Horus himself giving the Breath of Life the sign of the ank touching the pharaoh's lips thus the gods give him life to the Pharaoh on Earth although he himself is a representative of them for his own people everything that the ancient Egyptians wanted came from the gods through Pharaoh the God on Earth despite his almost Divinity enough is known of the long and fruitful life of Ramses II to confirm his essential Humanity, as Amon hotep before him enjoyed the physical pleasures of life.

It is recorded that he fathered and children and may have had up to 90 wives. after his death in 122 BC. C., his mummified body was buried in a narrow hidden valley across the river from Lua during virtually the entire New Kingdom period. This was the final resting place of the pharaohs of Egypt. The Valley of the Kings. Elaborate tombs were excavated here. The Rock and then sealed it was hoped that this would provide better protection against tomb robbers than the massively public pyramid tombs was a forlorn hope, with one surprising exception, the Valley of the Kings tombs would all be victims of the robbers who were in At least 62 tombs in the Valley of the Kings, but not all of them were for the pharaohs themselves and some of them we can't even identify, they are not inscribed, so we don't know who was originally buried in them, but probably something like back above.

Of 20 pharaohs were originally buried there, most of the kings from the beginning of the 18th dynasty to the end of the 19th and the reason for burying them in this particular area is that its religious landscape is perceived as particularly sacred, it is uh presided over by a sanctuary of the goddess hator, who is the goddess who presides over post-mortem transitions, rebirth processes and um, it is the entire area that is perceived to have had what anthropologists call new men, a kind of spiritual power that the place is imbued with When archaeologists began investigating the Valley of the Kings during the 19th century, they discovered elaborately decorated tombs stripped of their

treasures

in 1817 Giovani Belzoni discovered the tomb of the 19th Dynasty pharaoh Seti I, the wonderful The tomb's wall decoration had survived.

Ferari's

treasures

had long since been taken, as had the pharaoh's mummy. The mummy was eventually discovered in 1881 in a Mory temple just half a mile away for unknown reasons. Seti's body had been moved there along with 39 other royal mummies, including that of Seti I. son and successor as Pharaoh Rames II, more than 3,000 years after his long and glorious reign, we can still contemplate the facial features of possibly the greatest pharaoh of all, if ramises the second is the greatest pharaoh of all, he may not be the most famous. Of all of them, for many people who honor one of the ancestors of their new kingdom, this was a king who died young but whose death motivated the creation of one of the most wonderful objects ever created.

His tomb in the Valley of the Kings was the last. It was discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Howard Carter. The tomb itself was unremarkable. What was notable was that its contents had survived the centuries intact. It was the tomb of Tuten Kon. This is the entrance to Tutan Carmon's tomb here. in the Kings Valley, the smallest royal tomb in the valley, it has only four very small rooms, the best known tomb, of course, since Hard Carter found it practically intact in 1922, the entrance had been hidden at the bottom of 16 steps in the valley. of Kings here and interestingly with all the great pharaohs around that have been stolen long ago, the wealth in this tomb is incredible, everyone knows it and yet Tuten kmon was a small King, very little known, he reigned only 9 years old.

He was almost 18 when he died, he was only 17, almost turning 18, and yet, despite all the other great pharaohs buried here, Rames, a tough second Moses II, his name remains the one that the entire public knows Following the discovery of the Tuten Kamoon treasures is possibly the best known archaeological achievement ever inside the tomb. Howard Carter and his team discovered that the sarcophagus of the boy pharaoh contained within it a magnificent golden coffin, a coffin that seemed unusually heavy, the reason for this was evident that it was simply a The outer coffin inside it was another, but the weight of this container still seemed excessive.

Finally it was time for Howard Carter to open the second casket. At that moment the most fabulous of ancient treasures was revealed: it was a third coffin with the image of the Pharaoh whose body contained Pharaoh Tuton kamoon the reaction of Carter and his colleagues upon seeing this object for the first time One can only imagine it is made of 296 pounds of solid gold inside was the king's body along with a gold death mask which is now one of the best known objects on earth, it was the find of a lifetime, it is often said that if Tutan's tomb kon represents the type of burial that a relatively unimportant pharaoh would have had, so surely the burials of important pharaohs like Amon hotep the thir or rameses II must have been even more magnificent, but I don't think that is entirely correct because the tutan Kon is buried at a time of great political turmoil.

He is buried after the period of religious reform known as the Amana period, when normal ways of burying the pharaoh seem to be discontinued, so I think Um Tutan G's tomb is probably more luxurious than those of some of the other pharaohs, although we don't know because none of them have actually survived and people have investigated aspects of the burial, such as comparing the thickness of the gold sheet used in Tutan Kon's burial with pieces um that we know have survived from the burials of other pharaohs and Tutan Moon's gold foil is actually thicker, so it appears more money may have been spent on his burial to mark the return.

In relation to religious orthodoxy and the ways in which the ferah were normally buried, it is no exaggeration to say that these treasures were etched in the consciousness of humanity when they were exhibited in the British museum in 1972, more than one and a half million people They came to admire and marvel at them. was the most successful exhibition in the Museum's history, perhaps more than any other object, these Treasures evoke a specific image of Egypt, an image of a magical nation, a nation of living gods and fabulous riches that flourished while Europe languished in the Ages. of the Bronze.

Treasures like this make it difficult to avoid a romantic approach when thinking about ancient Egypt. Egypt would survive long after Tuten Kon's brief life in the 14th century BC. C., but the New Kingdom to which Tutan Camoon belonged would be the last of the great kingdoms of the Egyptian dynasties in the last millennium of Egypt. History would see more and more foreign interference in its affairs. The Libyans, Assyrians and Persians all held sway for periods before Alexander the Great's forces conquered the country in 332 BC. C., shortly after the 32nd and final dynasty was established. This was a time of growing Greek influence.

In Egyptian life, when the country was ruled by Tommy's successors and his sister wives called Cleopatra, it was also a time of increasing pressure from Rome and it was this pressure that would ultimately be the end of Egypt: the suicide of the last Cleopatra in the year 30. BC marks the end of the 3,000-year history of the rule of the pharaohs. They would never be restored, but their legacy lives on in the treasures, texts and monuments they left at the end of the last century, one of the greatest English. The professors who were working in Sinai discovered writing that looked like hieroglyphic, they were images but no one could read them.

They discovered that this was the first cytic text that was written in hieroglyphic scripts but was not used according to the Egyptian system of writing to their amazement, this was the beginning of alpab beta, so every time an Englishman has his cup of tea in the morning and reads his newspaper, he must know that he owes his readings to an ancient Egyptian writer whose name he would not even know.