What Happened To The Last Vikings? (1027-1263) // History Documentary

The 11th and 12th centuries saw immense changes in Europe and the rest of the world as the new millennium dawned. A host of modest, battle-hardened Viking warriors, many of them still pagans, regularly set off to war, often claiming entire kingdoms that were now not led as their own. by warlords but anointed kings in a generation, most Scandinavian rulers were Christians and by the year 1100 they were marauding their way of life and even the ships that sailed with cutting-edge technology for centuries had become obsolete. How this change occurred and

what

became of the

last

Vikings is an independent

documentary

that delves into the fascinating

history

of the late Viking world on the brink of the medieval era.

It is also the fourth and final part of a series charting the evolution of the Viking longship. You can watch those videos here, but you don't need to understand this one. If you want to see me making shorter historical videos, subscribe to my second channel where I currently upload every week. This video is sponsored by Magellan TV, a new educational streaming service with over 2000 documentaries to watch on all kinds of different topics. Magellan producers and curators have put together an amazing collection of documentaries about

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are you waiting for? Come in and get free knowledge about the European ruler of the year 1026. He may have been anointed monarch of both Denmark and England, but King Canute was most certainly still a Viking at heart. War had been bred into him and in that year his position as chief warlord in the North Sea secured the Pope's blessing in hand and he went north. to crush his enemies, the most important among them, of course, was another anointed Christian monarch, Olaf Haraldson, the king of Norway, a thorn in Knut's side since the days of Ethelred who was unprepared for the summer of 1026.

Canute's invasion force was ready. He had maintained a huge Viking army. Serving since their invasion of England a decade earlier, many of them were still pagans at heart and in all likelihood probably eager for a fight, but this time it wasn't just the Norsemen who were aboard Cnut's Army. The English Danes now stood side by side. with Danish man, probably also with Slovak, Norwegian and Swedish warriors, the influence of England had spread here before during the

last

lull in Viking activity in the early and mid 10th century, when the great King Athelstan raised a young Norwegian, one of the sons of the first king of Norway Harold had fine hair at his court before sending him home as a Christian to claim his throne and now English influence was coming again.

Albert this time with a Danish tint. We know that Cnut's ally earl oath was present along with the new yarl lately. Hakan Eriksson, although it is unclear whether the young Godwin, Earl of Wessex, was also there; If it had been, perhaps it would have felt a bit like revenge for the decades of chaos England had suffered under Scandinavian hands during its youth, this being a rare time when English soldiers went to Scandinavia to fight and didn't. the other way around, but what about the fleet that took them there? In Olaf Haraldson's 13th century saga, we have reference to Cnut's dragon ship during the campaign and, unsurprisingly, to the only man to ever successfully rule. over England, Denmark and Norway over an extended period of time, is the largest ever mentioned.

Knut the Great was finally ready with his fleet and went ashore and he had a lot of men and terribly big ships, he himself had a dragon ship so big that he had an overdose of 60 banks and the head was guilty for all sides, well hey, Khan had another 40 bank dragon and he also had a golden figurehead. The sails of both were not stripes of blue, red and green and the ships were painted above the The stroke of water and everything that belonged to their equipment was most splendid until recently and the discovery of ships such as those there , six vessels her size, was often thought to be little more than a fantasy that the great dragon ship then sank on the rogue. of Harbour, measuring 37 meters long, is the largest ever discovered and dates back to around 1025, exactly the time when Knut prepared his invasion of it.

The resulting battle was fought on the Hell Gaya River with the combined navies of both sides, according to chroniclers, numbering over a thousand ships. Overall, Olaf's support from An and Jakob, the new king of Sweden, was a hard-fought affair. Finally, after great slaughter on both sides, Canute's numerically superior force triumphed, leaving him the undisputed master of all of Scandinavia. At 10:28 he sailed unopposed to Trondheim to claim the kingdom of Norway by placing it under the rule of his son Sven with his English mother, the elf Gifu, from a prominent noble and merciful family, in a supervisory role. .

Two years later, Olaf returned with a new army composed mainly of Swedish mercenaries, according to the sagas, marching to his death in the famous battle of the stick lestat singing pagan songs of yesteryear, he would be remembered as a Christian saint and can still be seen today in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem from 10:30 Knut ruled as undisputed master of the North Sea, even winning the submission of the Swedish king and over Jacob himself, still involved in a centuries-old power struggle with the geats from the southern forests of present-day Sweden, although there is very little written evidence about Sweden during this time.

They would soon be minted in the Sigtuna region with the name Canute, the first of their kind in Sweden and a large number of rune stones scattered across the landscape would commemorate those who went to fight in Canute's army, some bringing large amounts of wealth and gaining glory. for themselves, though he kept a permanent fleet of dragon ships as a retainer along with the hardened mercenaries to go with them, a man who still saw him as a giver of gold and a warlord. Canute's good relations with the papacy in Rome and the Holy Roman Emperor Conrad on his southern border.

He speaks of his desire to be seen by his Christian subjects not as a Viking but as a northern Christian emperor. A new Charlemagne accompanying his ally Conrad to Rome in 10:27 for his coronation, Knut set a precedent that would soon be followed by a variety of Viking rulers, perhaps most notably Thor Finn the Mighty, the Earl of Orkney in 10:47 , a man who until then had fought through a generation of fierce blood feuds and wars with kinsmen and neighbors, is about to become the sole ruler of the north and the islands. During his journey, Thor Fionn was feted by the king of Denmark, Astrid Lord and Henry III, the Holy Roman Emperor and most powerful ruler in Europe at the time before returning to devote himself to the administration and social aspects of his dying kingdom. a respected and veteran king some twenty years later, to some extent a demon of Thor and others like him who made the same journey to Rome, had probably been emulating Knut by doing so in 1031, when Thor Fionn was still a young man with many brothers and Many bloodless enemies, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Knut had sailed to the northern seas to receive the submission of three Scottish rulers: Malcolm, the king of Alba, Macbeth, the ruler of Moray, and Lamar, a non-bloodless ruler. identified from an Irish Sea Kingdom, potentially acmemarkets. com At that time throughout Great Britain and northern Europe, the Vikings had already left their mark, but equally immigrant populations had begun to merge with pre-existing ones, creating distinct cultural zones.

Ireland, where one of the skulls of life originated, was one such area. defeated by the Irish king Bryan Burrough at Clontarf in 1014 Dublin remained the most powerful settlement on the island and one steeped in Norse culture (albeit in Gaelic for the Ostermans, as they began to be called) who once ruled there the astute negotiators They probably gave Knut with his huge fleet some kind of loyalty that would allow him at least some kind of control over the western sea lanes. Dublin's Osterman and the other port cities remained an integral part of Irish power politics until the arrival of the Normans in the late 12th century, another force descended from the Cnut Vikings.

The Empire, although impressive on a map, in reality lacked any kind of legislative unit that was held together by sheer force of will and reputation, when the High King died, everything collapsed and brought with it the extinction of his male life only seven years later. Forget to subscribe as I will cover these events in great detail in the future, even before Cnut's death, possibly during a bout of illness that preceded it, the Empire began to crumble, particularly in Norway where local power brokers were dissatisfied with the role of the elves. Instead, Gifu and Knutson Span proclaimed a son of Olaf Haraldson who was only seven years old at the time as their new king, presumably with royal power still firmly in the hands of the Alles.

Sven Knutson was followed to the grave by his father just a few months later. one of only two kings of England to hold the title of great, he was buried at Winchester and given all the honors of a West Saxon king just as his vast Viking army, quite possibly hinted at by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, went on a rampage seeking compensation for dismissal in The only way they knew before disbanding and returning home for a new war was on the horizon was the largest succession crisis ever seen in the Northlands, created in large part by Cnut's simultaneous marriages to two separate women, one English and the other Norman, son of Canute with Emma of Normandy hatha.

Knut, still a teenager, was supposed to inherit England and Denmark, but he was unwilling to leave Denmark exposed to Norwegian invasion. His English half-brother, Harold, son of the elf Gifu of Northampton, managed to seize power, however, in the resulting chaos, Emma fled. Flanders left like God and the other English had no choice but to accept Harald as king, outraged by the actions of his half-brother. Hatha Knut not only reached an agreement with Magnus in 1038 but apparently reached an agreement whereby the surviving of the two inheriting the other's throne agreed to combine their forces against Harold Hare Foot in March 1040 just as Hatha Knut amassed a large fleet to recover England, his half-brother died upon reaching the English coast with his fleet, anyway, the mercenaries received large sums of money. and Emma of Normandy returned as the power behind the throne leaving Earl Godwin and many other English landowners who supported Harald in an awkward position although in reality we hardly know anything about him as Knut does not seem to have been a good king and in June 1042, still a very young man, while drinking heavily at a banquet and preparing for an invasion of Norway, he drops Magnus the Good dead, only 18 years old, but already an experienced battlefield commander he became ruler of Norway and Denmark in England, meanwhile for lack. of a better option, wit, wrath, MOT, the entire ruling council of power, the burqas sent for the sole surviving claimant to the throne, an estranged son of Ethelred the Unprepared and Emma of Normandy, who had been abandoned by his mother at the Norman court decades before, a long time ago.

They were linked by desiring any claim to royal authority for a holy life. When Edward the Confessor crossed the Channel that year he entered a precarious position as a figurehead of a state dominated by powerful imams instead since the days of Knut he had actually been brought in to oppose Magnus of Norway more than any royal loyalty felt in his name by men like Godwin, the most powerful of the new dynasties that ruled England and a man who may well have had something to do with the gruesome blindness and subsequent death . of the brotherFrom Edward, Alfred, a decade earlier, the English had apparently regained control, although in reality many of them were now Anglo-Danish, many of their families were now intermarrying into Danish members, such as Godwin himself, and Edward was essentially a Norman who he had spent the vast majority of his life. life from him across the channel, therefore, Godwin's sons, Harold Godwinson and Toss Stick, were half-Scandinavian, to some extent, half-Viking who certainly used longships for war.

We can see this in near-contemporary artifacts such as the Bayeux Tapestry and in contemporary written accounts such as the propagandistic story of Emma written by St. Amer of Flanders, when at last they were all on guard, went on board the ships with towers, on one side, lions molded in gold, on the other, birds on top of the masts or dragons of various types carrying fire on their backs. his nostrils. Irish Vikings. It could still play an important role in British politics even long after the traditional end of the Viking Age in 1066, especially in areas with less centralized control and more numerous states, such as the Western Seaways and the Irish Sea in the late 11th century. , for example, Griffith appt.

Kynan, a Welsh kingdom. Gweneth came to the throne only with the help of the Irish Vikings of Dublin along with a fleet of longships and the mercenaries who manned them. Godwyn himself appears to have had close ties to the Norse seaport towns in Ireland who sought refuge there. along with his entire family and household warriors during his disputes with the king in the late 1040s and early 1050s and later, after his son Harold Godwinson lost his life at Hastings, the dynasty would move again casting An ultimately failed bid for the throne a few years later with the help of Ireland, but that was in the future, in January 1066, when Edward the Confessor finally died childless, the stage was set for the most famous confrontation in all of history.

English, unlike Hatha Canuto's invasion this time. the fighting would be very real, what is often not understood is that all three major armies of 1066 used longships in the war and were all colored in some way by Scandinavian culture in England. Harold Godwinson took the throne after a disagreement with his brother. Tostig, the younger, became a Viking and raised a small fleet of longships to harass the coasts of his brothers before finally heading to Norway to seek the support of the Norwegian king. We'll hear more about him later. His own claims date back to the agreement between Arthur Knut. and Magnus across the channel, meanwhile the Norman Juke William, supposedly to whom Edward had promised the throne, was biding his time to attack, but of course the story is not as simple as that, on July 29 at 10:30, the dethroned Norwegian king Olaf. harrelson returned to his homeland for the last time in an attempt to regain control of the Viking emperor Knut the previous year, the last year that love the late Hakan Eriksson had drowned at sea under somewhat suspicious circumstances and perhaps Olaf now saw his chance for revenge.

That day, however, near the village of Stickler Start in northern Norway, his luck ran out, a coalition of local elites willing to benefit financially from Canute's lordship met him on the battlefield along with his peasant levies surrounded by Trondheim's much larger force. Olaf's small but elite force made up largely of Swedish mercenaries died where they stood, not all of them died; however, and Olaf's young half-brother was only 16 years old at the time, if saga traditions are to be believed, although he was already a leader of man. He managed to escape the battlefield to fight another day, receiving shelter from men loyal to Olaf in the remote mountains of northern Scandinavia, the young man eventually made his way to Sweden and from there to the riverways of Eastern Europe and the fortune beyond for that man was Harald Hardrada was still an unknown figure at the time he was destined to be one of the most famous Vikings of all and some 36 years later he was almost the Conqueror of England many were the adventurers who had passed through this path throughout the centuries that Harold was about to enter.

The lands of ruse, although mostly of Slovak culture, at this point archeology and the written record still suggest a tinge of Scandinavian culture and certainly diplomatic ties passing through the commercial city of Lake Ladoga, the most important commercial center until which lost its influence in the mid-10th century, sacked by Eric in 996 and probably again by his half-brother, passed in 1015. Faced with the threat of a city surrounded by marauding warlords, the young man continued to seek his destiny with a distant relative in the city of kyiv. Although perhaps not as numerous as their 9th and 10th century Swedish ancestors, in the 11th century many expeditions, not to mention small groups of warriors, still traveled regularly eastwards.

Later sagas and contemporary runestones tell us as much, as well as accounts of the nation they traveled to. One of the greatest expeditions appears to be that of Ingvar the Traveler written in the late 12th century. The Saga of Ingvar the Fairest remains one of the most interesting Norse sagas due to their corroboration in archeology and in contemporary sources from the regions to which they traveled, although the details differ from one story to another, it is traditionally said that Ingvar was a soldier in the service of the Swedish king Olaf's cannon. Scott who gathered a large force of warriors for an expedition to the surrounding area.

He landed in the east, probably somewhere on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The journey was recorded for posterity on rune stones throughout the Swedish highlands. Along the way, he most likely became involved in a regional dispute in Georgia in 1042. Most of the expedition never reached home. Harold wouldn't go as far as Inva yet, anyway, but he was in good company because once he arrived in kyiv he found employment with the Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise, a Christian now Bert, one who still participated in large-scale raids and wars. scale there. It was a precedent for this agreement that Yaroslav's father, Vladimir, a pagan warlord, immediately abandoned his lands in the late 10th century to seek refuge throughout the court of Hawkins and then returned with a huge army to claim his right to birth and now Harold would follow in his footsteps, but the other Although he was not as famous as Prince Bruce, he was young and would have to make his way, but good soldiers were always needed in Yaroslav stris ena, which roughly means a band of warriors located in the edge of the steppe lands to the east.

The craftsmen were in a state of permanent war, especially against the Pecheneg horse. There are no fierce steppe warriors. Harold would not have been able to escape at least some clashes against them, certainly also against the Slovak rebels. The commander in Yaroslav's Tsar Harold Saga tells us that he wished to marry Yaroslav's daughter, Ellis F, in order to do so, however, he first had to make a fortune for himself, as Yaroslav only married his daughters. to govern us. The renowned Harold would go south like dozens. Thousands of thousands had done so before him and tens of thousands would follow to serve in the Varangian guard in Constantinople for the next decade, waging war from Bulgaria to Syria in the process, although smaller, less organized groups of Scandinavians without They have undoubtedly been heading to the big city. to pledge their services as swords-for-hire for generations in the 1980s, it was Prince Vladimir the Great of Roose who sent the same Viking army that had won him his throne to the court of Basel II in exchange for the hand of his sister in marriage the first princess born in the purple to marry a barbarian king began the long history of the Varangian guard and the transformation of the culture from trickery to orthodox Christianity those men sent to the imperial army were formed into an elite autonomous unit that It served admirably for hundreds of In the years to come, they soon became an integral part of the Byzantine army.

At first they were probably mostly sweets, but in the 11th century, the Danes, Norwegians and Icelanders, attracted by the high salaries and glory to be had, made the long journey to record evidence of these men. Runic graffiti etched into the marble by guards bored after years of service can still be seen today in the Church of Aya Sofia. Many would return to their homes in Scandinavia. Some were incredibly rich men when they did it. Figures such as the lesson of the Icelandic Balibo recorded in the shortcomings. story saga Bali Walking from the ship with eleven companions, all dressed in scarlet and riding on golden saddles Bali wore gold-embroidered silk clothes that the Greek emperor had given him.

He was good with the sword, he bit the leg, the pommel of it was now embossed in gold and the hilt was tied. with gold he had a golden helmet on his head and a red shield at his side on which a knight was drawn in gold he carried a spear in his hand as is customary in the lands of Horan Harald was no exception according to his saga that quickly rose. ranks and serving as an officer from 10:34 to 10:43 fighting in Sicily, Bulgaria, Anatolia and the Holy Land, although it is tempting to think of him using long ships during this time, we simply do not know how he moved, probably in all likelihood doing Similarly, in the Byzantine Navy in drom ins, the ruse probably used much smaller vessels at this point, having a shipbuilding tradition divergent to the long ships of their ancestors, these ships were suitable for river voyages instead. of landing craft for the high seas, Harold eventually returned home, but not before participating in the plundering of a palace treasury during a fit of civil discord in the 1040s, such was his right as a guard that he stormed through the Black Sea loaded with treasures and riches.

Harold finally began the long journey home according to the saga. Stopping at Mary Yaroslav's daughter on the way to Norway, however, there was a problem: he found that his own relatives on the Hart Rada throne were not someone who shared power. Much has changed since the death of Olaf Harold Sam in 1030. He had not been a saint for long. After the Battle of the Stick, Lestat began to be seen as the eternal king of Norway, a position he still holds today despite having been betrayed by his own people, Olaf's memory was certainly used as a powerful unifier and rallying cry. of war against the domination of both Denmark and Denmark.

In England, the young man who acted as a figurehead of this movement was Olaf's young son, Magnus, despite being a boy king when he came to rule. Magnus is only typical in the sense that he appears to have been a capable military commander and a respected king. It was he who probably put an end to the Young Borg stronghold in the 10s 40s and fought many battles against the Slavs in southern Denmark in 1042, after Cnut's half-death, and even managed to take control of Denmark; however, it would prove extremely problematic to keep it in 10:43 A son of Cnut's ally Alf and his sister Astrid, Astrid soon rose to prominence when she won a battle on Magnus' behalf near the town of Hedeby against an invading army of Wednes, quickly building on the momentum from this win at Leers Cove Heath.

Lapso was crowned by the nobility, of course this did not last as Magnus returned to defeat Sven on several occasions and eventually saw him flee to Sweden, from where he was able to establish a minor foothold in Scania, which proved to be a constant thorn in the side. Norwegian ambitions in 1045, however, the war was further confused with the return of Harald Hardrada, who at first, as a means to an end, allied himself with Spain against Magnus, although before long, when he realized that the exhausted man would not be his lackey, the two Norwegian rulers took a common course. entering into an uncomfortable joint rule, although the last lore of the saga says that they could not bear to be in the same room holding separate courts at different ends of the kingdom, it would be almost impossible for Harold to dislodge Magnus, but in the same way Harald was too powerful for Magnus to defeat both agreeing to rule together we have evidence of a ship dating from this time, the Aleph scold an impressive and long ship measuring 29 meters, not as large as suitable for an emperor like Knut, but perhaps good enough for a king. owned by one of these two men in charge of a famous Dublin ship perhaps in the 10:47 Magnus died clearing the way for Harold to become the undisputed ruler of Norway far from content, however, he had ambitions to restore the days of the North Sea Empire embarkation.

In a 15-year campaign against his southern neighbor, he finally relented in 1064 after a major battle fought at sea convinced him that conquering Denmark was foolish. We have records of a ship that Haroldhad built in the early 1060s, as was common in the country. blurry screen by Snorri Sturluson this ship was known simply as the great dragon the ship was built the same size as the long snake and each part of the house finished with the greatest care in the bow was a dragon's head and in the stern a tail of dragon and the sides of the bowels of the ship were gilded the vessels of 35 banks of rowers and it was large for that size and it was remarkably beautiful because the king had everything belonging to the ship, equipment of the best, both sails and rigging, anchors and cables in Late 1065 an Englishman arrived at Harald Hardrada's court and was cast out 'ok Godwinson, exiled by his brother Harald during political machinations that would lead to his own enthronement.

The English coast was angry and began looking for a new candidate for the throne. Scotland was unreceptive and ultimately ended up with Rada's heart. She was probably already contemplating an invasion of England. All went well with the initial invasion with the Norwegian army crushing the northern English at the Battle of Fulford when Godwinson appeared with his elite house calls, however, from the south, the legacy of Knut's Viking army, both men They died after being shot down in the heart of the combat. Herald was supposedly fighting on the front lines as a berserker warrior but of course another group of Norsemen.

The people descended on a stake to the Normans who defeated Godwinson and ended the Viking Age, so the story continues, although they were taken there on Viking longboats, however, there was another frontier of the Scandinavian world, one that preserved its roots for much longer and ultimately preserved the stories than we did. It can still be heard today as the new millennium dawned, although much of the Scandinavian world, including Iceland, had already officially converted to Christianity, everyone would soon do so, it was still very common on the far western islands, delicately perched above stormy seas to consult search engines and do magic.

To be invoked, it was here, in this curious mix of isolation and cultural homogeneity, a land of long, dark winters spent circling home that the old world lived in stories and family sagas passed down from one generation to the next before to be finally written as literacy came from distant lands during the 11th and 12th centuries, but Iceland was far from the limits of this sea world, it was not long ships that came here, not primarily for voyages on the high seas. Inc., a sturdy, wider ship was needed, manned by a much smaller crew, we have evidence of these ships, vessels such as the Tat class dating from around 1000 AD. and they were found in southern Norway and the questioning car found in the river must date from about the same period.

These channels are located much deeper in the water in which they sailed. Instead of sailing nowhere like other Scandinavian ships, they needed a landing stage to do so, so what their crews lacked they made up for in cargo, maximizing profits and acting as a lifeline to these remote, often separated colonies. For hundreds and hundreds of miles of arid tundra and open sea in the late 10th century, tales had long existed of the lands to the west, some even claimed to have visited them, it took a man with a unique curiosity to find them and complete their colonization. ;

However, recorded in family sagas from the 13th century, Eric the Red actually had few other places to go as he had been exiled from Norway and Iceland quickly became overpopulated, so after a disagreement in the 1980s, Eric bought the ship that one of these adventurers had taken, perhaps even part of his crew, and set out to discover these new lands on the horizon. Hundreds of Icelanders followed Derek in those years. many of them sailed towards death, eventually finding a relatively habitable and uninhabited region. Erik and his man spent three summers exploring it before returning to Iceland to convince others to follow, which they did in droves.

Such was the desire for land, an extremely difficult life. Two isolated valleys surrounded by tundra awaited those who arrived at the new colonies. During the summer months they flourished in a relatively pleasant environment, although life had to adapt here. People made a living with seal skins, walrus ivory and skins. for sale in European markets The man regularly traveled hundreds of miles north on hunting expeditions stopping at places such as Baffin Island, where a probable Norse camp was found. There was always a shortage of wood and iron products that had to be shipped from abroad. It was very difficult to farm here. which makes it even more important to raise animals which of course had to be transported there, perhaps on ships like this one, I founded Aleph and this, a much larger ship dating back to 10:25, discovered that it had That being, he was on a boat not very different.

For them, the next step might be that, given Greenland's treeless landscape, it was an unspoken need for raw resources and timber that fueled voyages in the year 1000; It was Eric's own life that would take them there again, pushing them back. the borders of the end of the world established a short-lived colony in what is now North America, while her life and that of her man may have been given to some local berries by fermenting them into a kind of alcoholic beverage and, therefore, the place would soon be known as Finland. land of wine before long, however, Eric died and Lafe assumed his position as leader of the Greenland settlement, although he himself did not return to the new continent, several members of Leif's family would return over the next few decades in a total of three settlements more. attempts plagued by adventurous encounters with Native Americans and even brutal fights between kin within Norse settler communities.

This is a fascinating era that I will cover in much more detail in the future, so don't forget to subscribe, we know about this era. Not only from the sagas but also from the archaeological record, a famous black site at Lancer Meadows in Newfoundland contains two large halls and numerous smaller workshops, perhaps with enough space for about 250 people after further clashes with the region's Native Americans. , although they are known as scray Ling's. In the sagas, the colony was eventually abandoned, the Norsemen would probably never live in America again, although they periodically returned to the canals for wood, a situation hinted at by a coin of Harald Hardrada's son found not far from the Newfoundland settlements at end of the 11th century.

The 19th-century historian Adam of Bremen mentions the Midlands to suggest that they will still be at least partially relevant in the minds of northern Europeans within a few centuries; however, they will be completely forgotten in the long term. The Norsemen had very little impact on North America and their numbers simply increased. Too small and the landscape so vast that when Columbus arrived there in 1492, all knowledge of the place had been lost by the 14th century due in part to the Little Ice Age that made life in the North Atlantic increasingly difficult, even in Greenland. was largely forgotten, its settlers largely went their own way when Protestant missionaries arrived in Greenland in the 16th century thinking they would convert the Norsemen they found there and found only in u't and the ruins of Eras passed in the last.

Reus's recorded campaign against Byzantium to incorporate the Norsemen or at least their descendants, known as Ferengi Ants, occurred in 1043, as did attacks carried out in 941 and before, however, the fleet was decimated by war galleys carrying a deadly secret weapon. Greek fire, simply I don't know if these warriors sailed on long ships or a similar type of vessel and the truth is that very little archeology has been carried out compared to that undertaken in Scandinavia at that time, in the mid-11th century, when he was still enjoying the deception of Prince Yaroslav the Weiss. contacts with the Northlands, although in reality they were not very different from his ties with other European powers, emphasizing marrying several daughters to monarchs from all over Europe, perhaps part of the reason for his Weiss epithet after the rain of Yaroslav and the disintegration of kyiv. in a ruse towards a series of smaller kingdoms, the situation was not as stable as it had been and never would be again.

The Scandinavians still traveled south to enter the service of Constantinople, although they now traveled mainly by boat or through Hungary and Germany rather than by river routes of the ruse, which were now almost exclusively Slovak culture, the Varangian guard continued to serve Byzantium perhaps even until the 14th and 15th centuries at least in name, but in the years immediately after 1066, interestingly, its ranks were increasingly composed of Anglo-Saxons. recruits many of them of Anglo-Scandinavian origin some of these men were landowners all were present at the Norman attack one such figure recorded in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle and perhaps in a later saga tradition a Seward granary is said to have arrived at some point in At the end of the 11th century to help the Byzantine emperor Alexius Komnenus against the Seljuk Turks in a precursor to the Crusades, according to some traditions, he was granted land in the Crimea for his troubles, a region that would become known as New England, although this is far from being universally accepted by At that time, longships were still widely used by scholars, although they often carried Christian crosses in addition to, or instead of, dragon seals, they now often also traveled by a different path, as well as towards the Baltic and more remote corners of their own kingdoms, sometimes addressing them. to the Holy Land as crusaders, in fact the first European king to go on a crusade was a Scandinavian Sigurd from Norway who followed in the footsteps and expanded upon previous rulers such as Robert of Normandy and Eric of Denmark to go on a pilgrimage, but this time traveling with a fleet to war ravaging the Mediterranean until helping King Baldwin of Jerusalem expand his fledgling kingdom after riding together to the Jordan River to undergo baptism in the sacred waters.

There we find other evidence of the Norse crusaders, in the form of runestones in Orkney. and many written records from companies much closer to home, in the Baltic and the rest of Scandinavia, a new era had undoubtedly dawned. Viking ferocity would merge with Christian zeal as they took the fight to the still pagan elements of their homelands and in future generations to the depths. In Eastern Europe it was the Slavs who were the last to cling to their pagan roots on the continent; the last of them, Araignee, held out on the island of Rubia before finally being defeated by King Valdemar of Denmark in 1168, also across the channel. in Britain, 1066 was far from the last time the Norsemen invaded in 1069.

The Danish king the Spanish Druze sent a force to England of two hundred and forty long ships under his son Knut to confront the Normans who landed at Dover and they marched north, gathering support and eventually overtaking them. However, William the Conqueror of York showed his military genius, as he was able to quickly retake the city before launching into a cruel scorched earth campaign in the northern areas of Denmark, known as the Northern Reach Harassment, and soon He landed in person to join the war in 1070. He was not expected to encounter William in open combat and fled shortly after.

Knut tried again and again to recapture England until his death in 1086 in Scotland. Norway arrived with a great expedition in the late 11th century to subdue all the Scottish islands, dying in Ireland while trying to bring the austere Dublin man and a Norwegian sovereignty managing to take Dublin for a year before dying at the hands of the Norse kings. Irish. Viking attacks on Britain continued well into the 11th century. 12th century, although new systems of control had for the most part put an end to independent peoples going Viking, these were now royal expeditions during the anarchy of the mid-12th century.

The King of the Frozen North in the second took advantage of the conflicts to devastate the east coast of Scotland. to York sacking the town of Scarborough and taking large amounts of loot in his long ships, but this was to be the last great record-breaking adventure because soon a different type of ship would take over the north in the islands and fjords. Battles continued between Norway. Scotland and settler communities somewhere in between well into the 13th century, with longships still being strongly favored by many local rulers, continued to play an integral role, particularly in the power struggles of the Irish Sea and the Scottish Islands. with famous or scale leadersas The Boy of Summer attempted to invade the Scottish mainland and the Norwegians became involved until the Battle of Larcs in

1263

where it is believed that long ships were used, but all this was to change and soon, a few decades ago, an archaeological find was made fascinating. in a Swedish harbor dating back to the 12th century, unlike the ships found in earlier times, these are of a very different type, reflecting further advancement in shipbuilding technology in much of the North Sea, the age of the longship had already ended, this was the era of The jagged floating castles on the water were perhaps developed in part to counteract the long ships, although over time they became unique and integrated throughout northern Europe.

The Norsemen no longer enjoyed an inherent advantage over their southern neighbors in the late 1100s. English gear-wielding pirates harassed the English Channel. and the North Sea, and by the year 1300 the entire fleet of Denmark was made up of this new type of boat, although the long boat variants would never stop being used by fishermen and the little people of the Scandinavian regions, tradition It never went extinct and today they are being resurrected again have you been watching the story time don't forget to like and subscribe and see you next time