The Science of How the Body Heals Itself with William Li, M.D.

Dr. Lee is a world-renowned physician, molecular biologist and senior author, he is the medical director of the Angiogenesis Foundation, his work has led to the effective prevention of novel treatments and even the reversal of Dawid diseases spanning from the cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic wheezing, obesity, diabetes and retinal diseases. Many of you have seen it in his TED talk Can We Eat to Starve Cancer?, which has been viewed more than 11 million times. He has once again authored more than 100 leading medical publications in this field and his new book, Eat to Beat Disease, will be published in March. of 2019 dr.

Lee, thanks for joining us, thanks for the sound, okay, okay, okay, first of all I want to thank Sentara for inviting me to spend the day with the community and also my fellow speakers who have really done a job fantastic at framing the opportunities so that we can take charge of our own lives by making good choices with our diet and I think it's a great testament to Santara that they took the necessary steps to organize this and take the time to have this type of meeting and I also wanted I want to thank Naomi for organizing it because we should all give her a hand because she really did a fantastic job, so I'm going to follow all the other speakers and try to put some things together because I think after myself. after speaking dr.

T Colin Campbell will be talking about nutrition and summarizing the whole day we spend the day, the

body

of the day, talking about the importance of diets in fighting disease and actually that's where most of our focus is naturally In the health. system and as doctors is actually how we conquer disease. Yes, the privilege of being able to lead an initiative in my organization called a health expedition to ask a related question, but looking at it from the other side, how do we normally stay healthy? How come we don't actually get sick more often? For example, if I told you that we know that cancer is caused by mutations in our DNA, but what did I tell you?

Now we know that each and every one of us here in the room. It has 10,000 mutations that occur every day naturally in our bodies, so why don't we get cancer tomorrow? How come we won't all have cancer tomorrow? What does our

body

have that protects us against this problem? We know that this bacteria can be deadly. and we also know that we need to have good sanitation and we also know, as you may have heard, that the microbiome, healthy gut bacteria is really important, so we have 37 trillion healthy bacteria in our gut, so we are infected but not sick. .

Come and what have I told you, in the last two years we have discovered two new organs in the human body. After all these years, the mesentery has now been recognized as a single organ and then the question of interest, which is the space between the organs, is also a new highway of information that is also considered in the organs and then what I told them? Just about four weeks ago we discovered a new brain cell in humans called the Rosebud neuron, this actually underlines how much we still have to learn about how our bodies really work and the art I'm going to present to really understand how we can eat. to defeat diseases and protect our health.

It's not just about food, it's about how our bodies actually work. and respond to food, so that's really what I want to talk about and I'm going to start with some statistics: the planet is becoming more populated and aging with seven points on the weekend and we are supported by this thin blue line around the planet are the resources we hear today, some of the agricultural products can actually have a severe impact on our planet. We have a responsibility as a group and as a community to really help preserve our planet and preserve our planet. What is good for the planet is also good for our bodies, as you may have heard before, the World Health Organization and the United Nations recognize that one of the things that unites us is really illness, because there are illnesses. not transmissible.

Diseases such as previously unheard of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, diabetes and obesity. Unfortunately, one of the great things that brings people together is that we share these diseases and certainly the cardiovascular diseases that we have heard so much about in recent years. Conversations are really a major burden for us and therefore something we need to overcome cancer is also another cause of death. I'm sure I don't need you to raise your hand, but I know each and every one of us in this room has been touched by cancer, whether directly or with someone we know could be a family member, could be a neighbor, it could be a child, but some were co-workers, someone we know and if you take a look at the year 2030, the number of people who will die from cancer every year 13 million, that's like wiping out the entire country of Sweden , the entire country of Belgium and about half of Australia in a single year with cancer, so we really need to be able to think about whether or not there are ways to overcome that, everyone knows there are these commercials on TV for genetic testing and of course there are also genetic tests for cancer and there are some cancers that in fact only about 10% can be detected with genomic tests. or less, in reality most cancers are due to the environment, so the interesting thing is that about a third of environmental causes are related to our diet, as you heard before, bad eating habits cause diseases, but in I actually want to give you another way to solve it.

Thinking about our diet, I mean, what about the good parts of the diet? Are there ways we can reverse the negative model to make our focus turn our attention to the things that are really good in our diet as I have heard that it can actually fight not only cancer but also heart disease and other diseases, so I would say this is where

science

comes into play. 450 years ago we did not have the ability to observe the body to observe our food. The way we have it now, we have a lot more technologies, a lot more knowledge, and this allows us to be at this tipping point where we can cut through and actually get to the future by taking a completely different path, the reason why you're all here. in this room, as well as my fellow speakers, is that we fundamentally believe that there is a better future ahead and that in that better future we play a role in making decisions, so food, of course, is one of the things As we think about when it comes to disease prevention, you don't have to go far to find a farmers' market or, if you're traveling abroad, go to a local city or town market to find plenty of food available and, Obviously, if you go to health conferences like this, people talk about their favorite.

I think we can all agree here: there is no true superfood, there is no magic solution that really solves all of our problems as much as we would like. be and so how do we reconcile our desire to find the magical answer with all the signs that are emerging and how do we translate it into our everyday lives? And that's what I really want to share with you, the first thing you need to know. It's that we go way beyond just listing our favorite foods and saying that they are actually treatments for diseases, as you've seen before, there are lists of different foods that we now know about and we're starting to dive in to say what's inside. that food what are the natural substances whether it's fiber whether it's a vitamin whether it's an oil whether it's another bioactive so you can see here in the list of foods in the far left column a list of bioactives so we are still discovering what the chemicals are naturals in these foods, we are also starting to use epidemiological studies, which are community studies to find out what the results are of consuming these foods and when you really look at the data, you can start to ask what the doses are. that have been calculated and are associated with a result.

This is not cause and effect. They are partnerships that allow us to ask other questions and have some ideas about where to go further and I think Dr. Campbell is going to talk more about that, but the results can be quite surprising. If you look at the far right of this table, you can see that there is a decrease in some of the cancers that we are interested in: prostate cancer, breast cancer, decrease in kidney cancer. in diabetes, including a decrease in all-cause mortality, these are the types of studies that can really be integrated into our collective knowledge base about foods.

My organization has also been asking some really interesting questions; In other words, can we start from our knowledge and the tools we use? look at pharmaceuticals and compare plants and foods with them, that's why we call it too far from the farm or pharmacy and this is just a simple graph that shows in the top black column the effect on healthy blood vessels that the drugs that are You see in yellow and blue they actually have a test, it doesn't really matter what the exact test is, just assume that you can assume that I'm telling you that these are the different effects of different medications, whether it's an antibiotic, whether it's a statin , whether it's a steroid, whether it's a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and then what's really interesting is that we can take the same tools that pharmaceutical companies use as you see here and start testing foods side by side and it's not surprising that you're seeing that some of the effects in these types of laboratory trials show that the natural chemicals within the foods can actually compete with some of the medications, this doesn't actually happen in patients, it's really about looking at the power natural of what Mother Nature has loaded into food, and of course, many pharmaceuticals actually come originally from natural sources, so when you hear about this concept of food as medicine, I want you to remember that it is possible to use the tools of medicine to really begin. looking at food is really one of the areas that I think is going to explode in the future that we should pay attention to now.

I mentioned to you that it's not just about the food, I mean it's about the food, but it's actually more about our bodies and how our body reacts to food and everyone is a little different, this is an area completeness of precision medicine, as you know, we're starting to stop thinking about cancer just as the organ that it's actually found in, but we're starting to look deeply into the genomics, the DNA, the RNA, the protein, understanding, really, unraveling the mysteries of the body and that's really where my expertise is. I started in vascular biology. I worked at ah, work. in oncology, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and its vision complications.

I have been involved in helping to create 32 FDA approved medications that have helped change the way cancers are treated, vision loss and also in the healing of diabetic wounds. I think someone earlier said they are big fans of their toe. I understood everything about that, it's about how the body

heals

itself

, but think about how the body

heals

itself

and I want to challenge you to think about health. In a completely different way normally, if someone asks you what health is, you would naturally say that health is the absence of diseases. I'm not sick, therefore I'm healthy and maybe that's one way of looking at it, but I'd like to actually challenge you by saying no, actually health is not the absence of something, health is the presence of defense systems. with which our bodies are connected from the moment we are born until the last breath we take and these defense systems are firing on everyone. cylinders at all times when we are awake when we are asleep defending ourselves against the bacteria that are in the air those mutations that are happening in our body those toxins that we inhale the chemicals that release gases that are in our homes and our carpets in our cars, you know how many of you actually fill up a tank, fill up your car at the gas station and you're standing upstream or downstream, if you're standing downstream you're breathing in those fumes and your body has to. defend yourself, your lungs have to defend themselves against those insults and so if you think of your body as a fortress, how do we think about our defenses and from those defenses what kind of clues can we get about how to use diet or understand its role ? diet, so you know a fortress, many of you will recognize castles, castles arereally fortresses, not just where they know royalty lives, this is in England, like in the town called Irondale.

In fact, I've been there and it looks beautiful, but if you really take a look at how the forts are designed for defense, it's really amazing, besides the moat, which is the part that goes outwards, many of you maybe Don't know that the tailless is actually that curve in the wall that the people upstairs used. to throw rocks that broke at the bottom and send shrapnel to repel the enemy. The spiral staircase always goes up counterclockwise and that's because when you defend from the top, if you're right-handed, you can hit and if you're running from the bottom of the stairs, they're trying to go up with your right hand, you're at a disadvantage. , that's a defense and I didn't know it, but most castles have something called a murder hole, which is correct.

At the entrance, when people invade the castle, there is a giant hole right above the entrance where people can throw oil and rocks to try to repel the enemy and again, castles are these incredible structures that were part of the community but they were designed to defend them, they were designed for defense and that's why I want you to think about what we know about our body's defense systems that we are programmed with and I'm just going to show you five of them. because these are the five that I'm working on right now and these five are angiogenesis, which is our blood supply that brings oxygen and nutrients to every part of our body, every cell, our stem cells, which actually help us regenerate our microbiome, as we have heard. about our bacteria, our ability of our DNA to protect itself and our immune system, and the amazing thing about these defense systems is that they are independent, each one defends us against a series of diseases.

I'm going to show them to you, but these are common. denominator defense systems and they support each other, you know, if you take a look at the Army Navy Air Force Marines, these are like these troops that are just these divisions that actually all work together to defend the body now. I want to go back to food. Obviously we're going to talk about food, so when you see an apple growing on a tree, what you may not be thinking about is how, throughout evolution, Mother Nature evolved those plants, the fruits that we eat so that they were full of natural chemicals that really protect. the plant, so what are they?

What do their natural bioactive chemicals protect and often repel insects from being eaten? The plan to destroy it. They are often colorful pigments that attract bees so you can get pollination. You know, for reproduction, very often the bioactives and foods that work in our bodies actually originally evolved in the plants that we eat. We are talking about diets based on whole foods. They had an original plant function when we evolved as humans and gathered. those plants started eating them and these natural chemicals suddenly had a new job, that new job is to interact with our human cells to do something new and that's what we're discovering and that's where the new sites of how food interacts with us are. our body.

It actually started well, let me give you some examples of what we're learning to inspire you to think about the foods you're eating and actually the data you saw before in slightly different ways and your Genesis. This is a Greek. word it's about growth how the body grows blood vessels it's about circulation we had good circulation we can operate find out if we have bad circulation like you heard dr. Esselstyn talks about you having compromised blood flow, you can't walk very far, you have a heart problem, you have a blockage, your heart is actually starving, you lack oxygen, on the other hand, if your blood vessels can be hijacked to have truly deadly consequences these are normal blood vessels under the microscope you can see they all look different the liver look like tributaries of a river in the lung their vessels pressed against the air sacs in the heart are actually irrigating abundantly the heart muscle and along the nerves the blood vessels are like telephone lines of course along the nerves to keep them alive that is a special circulation that the nerves actually have now the interesting thing is how the body maintains this natural balance not You don't want to have too many, you don't want to have just a small amount adequate so that the body can grow more blood vessels when it needs better blood flow or after exercising.

There's a workout station back there. Someone or a trainer you want to exercise. you're going to build some muscle, you're actually going to need more blood vessels, the body can do that and after you grow the blood vessels there, if there's a lawn mower that mows the grass, it improves the blood vessels back to where you need. come back to regain balance we don't have enough blood vessels like after surgery or after an injury, new vessels need to grow back, the body can do that too, we can actually grow more blood vessels to fill that space and that's actually what you see. under a scab when after you cut yourself it's that red red thing if you can't grow the blood vessels or prune them that's when diseases start when this defense system is compromised you end up having diseases and the diseases are the ones that you can we have talked about some of them too many blood vessels you end up having cancer vision a lot of diabetes and aging psoriasis arthritis and Demetrios like Alzheimer's disease obesity fat cells require blood vessels to grow when in reality you don't have enough blood vessels to be able to you have coronary heart disease, you don't have enough bypasses, natural bypasses or a stroke after the blockage in the brain, you want to grow more blood vessels, even hair loss, and I guess I felt a little pressure to have my rectum removed as a feature, since everyone seems to have a history of erectile dysfunction.

I'll find a way to clear that up, but it's true that you don't have good enough nerves, those nerves don't have a good enough blood supply as we've heard about, so that's it. We don't have insufficient angiogenesis if you don't have the right balance, so let's talk about the diseases that result when we have too many blood vessels, what can we really do about it? So I'll start with cancers, because cancers form all the time in our bodies and, although they will usually be inconsequential, they are about the size of the head of a pen, they cannot keep up the blood supply, so that will actually go away, your immune system will take care of it. but when they were actually able to draw in their own blood supply, recruit their private blood supply, the blood vessels can actually feed the cancer cells in a tumor, they can grow about 16,000 times in about two weeks once a blood vessel starts to feed, so it's a massive trigger. for the growth of cancer, so now drugs have been developed, our new strategies to cut off the blood supply to the cancer, so drugs exist.

I gave my TED talk that you heard about that was actually about using food to cut off the blood supply to cancer. So if you want to look at Ted, you know: Can we eat to starve cancer? And that's called antiangiogenic therapy as a way to treat and prevent cancer, but also as a treatment, it's something that's being done in every oncologist's office. and my group helped develop the tools to study how those extra blood vessels are cut to prevent them from causing harm. This is an eagle's view of a small ring that is from the large blood vessel, the aorta, which you heard about before and these.

Those little white hairs you see are actually those endothelial cells you've heard about. They're coating the cells when you put them in when you grow them in the lab. Naturally they will want to deploy because they want to go somewhere else. in a body and this is what cancers really catch, they make these blood vessels grow everywhere putting the bursts together now if you actually extract the bioactive genistein from soy and put it into the system watch it go off. all those blood vessels that could be feeding a cancer, it's pretty interesting that soy genistein can actually close blood vessels, so one of the interesting questions now is: isn't soy a problem for cancer?

Do you have these estrogens that are actually dangerous? For people, women who are afraid of breast cancer, it turns out that it is a complete urban legend, like so many things that exist about food and health. Phytoestrogens are plant estrogens and this is what they actually look like. Well, you don't need to memorize this. but I just want this is what I want you to do now this is what human estrogen looks like they look the same they are completely different and actually plant phytoestrogen blocks the human estrogen receptor it's like a natural tamoxifen in fact you know what the skeptic would say: well, you're arguing that they look that different, but does this really mean anything in real life? because that's where it counts.

Now is where you start to see a large epidemiological population. studies this was published in JAMA in 2009 this is the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study where they enrolled five thousand forty-two women with breast cancer now this group would be the ones who would get the most hoses if they were really going to be worse their situation would be worse than what they found over five years that if women who ate soy had a twenty-nine percent decrease in the risk of death over that time period and a thirty-two percent decrease in the risk of death. the cancer comes back if it is surgically removed this is the complete opposite of making breast cancer worse this is helping patients who have breast cancer and how much they need.

I mentioned something about dosing when you go back and read this document and do the math, the amount of soy you would need to take to get this result is 10 grams of soy protein a day. How much is 10 grams of soy protein per day? It's about the amount you would find in a cup of soy milk, okay, it's not very practical and in Asia, if you have breast cancer, people don't freak out and say: donate soy, in fact, they feed you with more soybeans, so again we have to think about the cultural relativism in which we actually have a sowing. a lot of things we eat, not all of them are good, a lot of processed foods, but in Asia, if you think about the Asian diet, there are a lot of soy proteins that are actually commonly consumed.

Here are 17 studies that look at breast cancer in soy associations and If you can see all the studies show that the balance of evidence suggests that soy actually helps improve breast cancer survival, it does not cause death from breast cancer. mom so again this is the kind of evidence that is useful and I encourage all of you when you're thinking about the evidence for diet and health it's about the

science

it's about the evidence you know this is we're just trying of discovering that we don't know all the answers, but we just need to see the data.

I'm showing you the data because I think it's a useful way for you to have the information to make your own decisions. Tomatoes have lycopene and that is why they have also been studied for their antiangiogenic benefits because lycopene is antiangiogenic. interesting, but does it really make a difference? Well, there have been some large studies called the Harvard Professional Follow-up Study that involved 46,000 men who were followed for 20 years and it was found that consuming 2 to 3 cups of cooked tomato sauce was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer by about 30% now, that doesn't mean everyone avoided prostate cancer, but there was clearly an association with a reduced risk associated with a food that contains a bioactive that we know stops one of the processes that drives cancer. growth, so it makes sense, our world is better when it makes sense or we can make better decisions when things make sense and that's really what I think it's about now for men who developed prostate cancer when they actually did The pathology and biopsies found that men who ate more ketchup had fewer aggressive blood vessels and fewer blood vessels in their cancer, so, again, this is really the great thing about all the studies that go back to the patients who developed cancer. look for blood vessels and their genesis fueling your cancers now here are a couple of interesting things beyond that data and this is something that I think anyone who wantsgive you information to use in preparing your tomatoes that makes the difference you want to slow cook If you take tomatoes at about 190 degrees, you will change the amount of lycopene available to your body.

Why if you eat a typical red tomato from a vine in your garden, it tastes very good and you get many vitamins from it, but the lycopene is in a form called trans and it is very difficult for your body to absorb its chemical formulas of lycopene , if you heat it, you change the chemical structure naturally and you change the trans to the form of cysts and suddenly your body can absorb it, so within two minutes of heating tomato sauce, suddenly it makes it 50% more available and then From simmering for 30 minutes, there is 250 times more available and, again, the way we treat our food also makes a difference.

There have been studies looking at how to cook tomatoes in water. and you can actually take out the lycopene and you can see that there's something like barely going into the bloodstream, but lycopene for those of you who have taken chemistry at some point in your careers is fat soluble, it's an oily molecule in which it dissolves better. oil than in water, so oil and water don't mix, lycopene loves oil, so while there are all the precautions that have been given to oils in our date today, if you cook tomato sauce in olive oil, lycopene enters the bloodstream. much easier because it is not eliminated, now it is absorbed into your body.

What type of olive oil do you want to use? I'm not talking about endothelial effects, I'm talking about anti-aging. which you know I'm not talking about the coating effects and I'm talking about the antiangiogenic effects well, it turns out that we are not all the same if you look at many of the olive species, there are three varieties of olives that have a higher amount of antiangiogenic polyphenols that kill cancer. an Italian from Umbria mauriello one is Greek from the Peloponnese is the core Aniki The olives of Spain are called to pick olives, so next time you go to the store if you are going to buy olive oil.

I look at what type of olives it comes from. You can actually find bql Kornacki Mario lo in the supermarket, so again, that's one way you can make a decision. That can really be helpful to you now, what about the type of tomato? There is one type of tomato that really matters and you want a high level of lycopene. It turns out that the San Marzano tomato in Italy has a very high level of lycopene and cherry tomatoes have even more lycopene, the black tomatoes that you see now, I mean, they are starting to be around all the time, these dark colored smoky tomatoes in They actually have a lot of lycopene and then mandarin tomatoes, a variety where natural lycopene is already present. an absorbable form, so it's good, you don't need to cook it, if you eat it raw in a salad, you can actually get good absorption, so again I just showed you that you know something about the idea of ​​lycopene to from clinical studies to pathology to clinical trial showing absorption from cooking techniques to varieties this is really where we should be thinking about foods that we can delve into now because we can ask these questions.

This is actually a partial list of anti-angiogenic foods that you can consume also do other things, many of them have antioxidant effects, many of them pro-endothelial effects, but they are the ones that definitely have anti-angiogenic effects as well. Now what about the other side of the equation where you don't actually have enough blood vessels and you want to grow more. Can you help your body indicate that as we get older you know our circulation tends to not work as well partly because of the blockages that you've seen, but also in general our blood? The flow tends to be a little less agile as we age, so how about foods that stimulate angiogenesis?

This is a relatively new area that I'm very excited about. Can we make blood vessels grow where we need them? Well, it turns out that barley actually contains a By the way, the natural chemical called beta-d-glucose stimulates the immune system, but it actually causes your body to produce more of the substance that makes blood vessels grow and, in fact, They have studied in a laboratory and it is the only thing you need. You know, with that picture it's those orange circles that I'm showing you that when you feed barley to lab animals and this is because of the way you're feeding them pasta made with barley pasta, you can see that there are more blood vessels growing. in those animals that have been fed pasta made with barley, okay, there is another ant Pro intergenic food that is foods, it is a substance that is actually called solok acid, where do you find it? fruit peels apple peels, I mean how many times are you making a cake?

You're peeling the apple, all the peels you throw away, well there's a new way of thinking about sustainability, maybe some of the stuff in the trash is actually good for us and by the way, we should put it aside and find other things to do with them. It's not just apple peel, it's blueberry peels, cranberry peels, cherry peels, dried fruits are a great source of this because the skin dries right on them and you can see you heard about the Nitric oxide makes blood vessels healthier, it turns out that foods with our solek acid helped increase our nitric oxide so our blood vessels are happier and grow more blood vessels.

It's actually an experiment where one side of the animal's leg on the left side, all blue, doesn't have good blood flow, but when you start treating them with Solek acid or feeding them foods with stomach acid. You can see at the end of three weeks, I should say weeks. There you can see that blood flows return, new vessels grow. Nitric oxides have those blood vessels. endothelial cells. they are happier like they haven't heard before this is a dietary approach to this which is actually quite significant so I don't have time to go through every food but there is a growing list of foods related to angiogenesis stimulating properties now you could say wait a minute just show me the cancer we don't want blood vessels and we want a new heart you want blood vessels how do we really know that one thing is going to cause a problem to the other this is where the body is? seems to know exactly what to do there is a zone, a Goldilocks zone that knows exactly how many blood vessels should be there.

It is very difficult to reduce the number of blood vessels beyond normal. It is really difficult to grow more than normal. Mowing on both sides of the equation the body knows how to figure out how to get rid of all the extra bad blood vessels and how to grow just the right ones just to get where we want to go its homeostasis that's actually how the body wants the medicines to work they don't do this by the way medicines will actually reduce things to zero it's like medicines like they don't it's not a scalpel it's a hammer hitting things so foods actually have the unique ability of being able to do things that medications can't now what about regeneration when I was a child?

I'm sure most of you were told that people don't regenerate, starfish regenerate and salamanders can regenerate and the way they regenerate is by using stem cells, that's how a starfish grows. the one missing an arm will grow a new leg or a new leg will grow a salamander, but it turns out that we are all regenerating, we all have stem cells inside our bodies and these stem cells are used all the time. that's why hair grows back after a haircut that's why our skin is why you have dandruff that's why our intestine is replaced that's why our liver is able to regenerate we regenerate we just often don't so fast but we generate we regenerate in important ways throughout our existence and the question is when do stem cells come into play?

Stem cells come into play for regeneration when we are injured. This actually shows that 25 patients in Italy who suffered burns and went to an emergency room were admitted. in the hospital and they simply measured their blood at different times and during the course of the hospitalization you can see, from the moment of admission to the hospital, that more and more stem cells come out because the stem cells that live in our bone marrow are trying to healing that skin on the wound, that is regeneration, it is a genuine and real type of regeneration and the bigger the injury, the more stem cells have to come out, it is more injury, more stem cells are needed, right, we need to regenerate more furiously and In fact, for cardiovascular diseases, this was from the New England Journal of Medicine, a very important article from Germany that showed that if you took people who knew their geography, you saw them live with the dyes injected and you measured their blood and you saw how many There are naturally stem cells in their blood, you can see that the group in blue that had more stem cells in their blood actually had fewer, they did much better, they survived longer, they had fewer cardiovascular events and those that didn't do as well in green had less stem cells more stem cells more regeneration more heart repair greater survival less stem cells you are in trouble now here is the problem as we age our stem cells also begin to lose their strength we have less of the ones we have they don't work as well , this is simply a natural part of our life cycle, but because of that, there are a number of diseases where stem cell deficiencies are important, so when you have hair loss, ILP, baldness, Alzheimer's , are these stem cells in your brain asthma they can't leave scars and they don't actually have enough stem cells to keep repairing the lungs erectile dysfunction I put it but I put it again there aren't enough stem cells either they are actually using stem cells As a treatment for the macular degeneration, an ischemic heart disease, startling reports are now coming out of England about people receiving stem cell injections into their eyes that regenerate their retina and can regain some vision by being legally blind stem cells. as we get older they are weaker if we could really replace them with stem cell therapies, it's really a whole new future for medicine and that's really what the biotech world is doing.

I'm involved in that. I've been involved in that for over a decade, but that's biotechnology, you're talking about a billion dollars every ten years, unknown safety issues, what about food, do foods stimulate stem cells? Yes, the first one I want to show you is cocoa or chocolate, it turns out that studies have been done where If you take chocolate rich in flavonols and make hot chocolate with it and drink it only twice a day, two cups a day for 30 days , you can start by measuring your stem cells and this is 16 subjects and you can do the stem cell levels increase, this is 2 cups of hot chocolate high flavonol hot chocolate just twice a day.

By the way, all of these patients had cardiovascular disease, had documented blockages in their heart arteries, and were able to obtain more stem cells. It's a small study, but it's very interesting to think about, so again we need to pay attention to what kind of studies they are. This is a clinical trial. It's a small study, but it's actually very important because it correlates with some of the other information. I showed him a larger study that involved 20,000 people in Germany and showed that "men and 1/2 gram of chocolate a day reduced the risk of heart attack or stroke by 39 percent.

Well, what are 7 .5 grams of chop? This is equivalent to approximately three chocolate chips. "It has to be dark." chocolate not so much and you know, it's by the way. I mean it's not the dairy in the chocolate, it's not the sugar in the chocolate, it's that natural chemical and the cocoa, and that's what we need to be able to do. You already know. The end product that companies serve us is not necessarily what is good for us, but we must be able to discern what is actually in foods that could be doing us a favor now that we have talked about diabetes. it's a big deal now I'm going to pile on when what you heard diabetes damages the stem cells in our bodies if you have diabetes your stem cells just get a little sleepy and don't want to work as hard and there are less of them but it turns out that will mean that 3 fatty acids have been studied.

They can stimulate those stem cells and wake them up and say "hey, do your job now." I'm not saying this is a 1:1 answer for everyone. the problems with stem cells, but it's really interesting that when you actually have omega-3 you can get this kind of six increasesstatistically significant in the activity of your stem cells to awaken stem cells, there are now patterns that improve our cells. The Mediterranean diet not surprisingly also helps stem cells. The Okinawan diet. In fact, they have studied the vegetables that Okinawan people eat. This is in a blue zone. In fact, they stimulate stem cells.

Calorie restriction. We heard a little about that during a quality check. stem cells, even with intermittent fasting, it turns out that when you are very fast your body responds in many ways, one of them is to get rid of all the old cells that are no longer so good and then when you start eating again, resets all your stem cells so they go out and rebuilds them rebuilds your immune system, in fact, in fact, there are also patterns that damage our stem cells, hyperglycemic diets high in fat and salt, okay, they all damage our stem cells, so which again, these are I don't have time to show you all the data for every piece of information that I'm showing you, but the data exists and it actually shows you that there are explanations for some of these things that we know are true and that are not good. for us or things are good for us and that helps us feel more comfortable when things make sense we are more likely to do them here is just a partial list of foods that stimulate stem cells again.

I don't have time to show them to you. everything, but I mean, it seems like quitting. I don't know if any of you have ever had squid ink pasta, black pasta, but it's a delicacy in some parts of the Mediterranean and Spain and actually goji berries, another herbal tea, okay, now an example. an exception to stem cells because they are generally good for us, they help us make them, but cancers like these for cancer stem cells are a big problem, they are kind of a holy grail for cancer researchers because they are like baby cancer cells that produce more Babies and, indeed, cancer stem cells are responsible.

We think that most of the time cancer comes back after successful treatment, how many people know of a case where you have breast cancer that is removed and a patient seems fine and then a few years later it comes back or colon cancer like that is the worst thing that can happen to you if it has been treated successfully and then comes back because of the cancer stem cells, so what we want to do is find a way. To actually attack those little mini baby cancer stem cells so the tumors don't come back, guess what turns out that foods some foods attack cancer stem cells.

It's really surprising, this is only a partial list. Purple potatoes attack colon cancer stem cells. Cocoa attacks breast cancer stem cells. cancer stem cells green tea it's colon and breast time, you know, Thanksgiving is coming up and prostate cancer hits, so again, this is research that's been done in a lab, isolating cancer stem cells , and then see what the impact of these food bioactives is. You test it on an animal and then you start looking at patient samples. It's really amazing to think that we can actually eat. I mean, think about the patient who has been successfully treated.

You don't want the cancer to come back, right? If you're on a diet or shouldn't you include foods in your diet that actually target those cancer stem cells? A new gateway opens for us to think about how to treat cancer patients. We activate a microbiome. Another defense system. We know that bacteria are important. There are 37 billion of them obviously. You've heard a little about them before. I can't go over the 37 billion. In fact, we hardly know much about all those bacteria, but I'll tell you one thing we have: we have about the same number of bacteria. human cells in our bodies like we do with bacteria, so we are 50% bacteria and 50% humans, you know what it's called that, I mean, first of all, it's like a coral reef, right here is a reef, a coral skeleton with a lot of others like the clown fish around it, Nemo, but the thing is that there is actually a term for animals or organisms that are not just one type of organism like all of us in this room, we are not just humans , we are partly bacteria, 50% of us are. bacteria and they call this there is a term for this called holo biomes hol or bi or NT that is what we humans are we are Homo BIOS because we are 50% human 50 percent bacteria and bacteria help us with our health these are the conditions and the list is growing where we know that our gut bacteria are abnormal or altered, it's called dysbiosis because you have a problem with them, we don't understand everything about it, but we know that people with Alzheimer's disease their gut bacteria are altered after sclerosis, something between the gut bacteria and the lining of the blood vessels, as we've heard about before, even bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, all associated with our gut, celiac disease, food allergies, hypertension, by the way, there are also bacteria in your mouth if you really use that super kind of antiseptic that dentists sometimes give you. above, do you have major dental work?

You wipe your mouth, oh, okay, and that causes your blood pressure to go up because the bacteria in your mouth also digests the food you eat to help lower your blood pressure, so again there we are. I'm just starting to figure this out. I told you from the beginning how many new things were being discovered about our health. So here's what I mean, we could have a whole week of lecture on the microbiome and still not even scratch the surface, but I'll tell you. What we are discovering is that there are some foods that we eat that actually contain bacteria and the same bacteria that our healthy intestine is made of, like for example the kimchi in the upper right corner, is full of bacteria.

Bacteroides form the sharpest lactobacilli if you go to a Chinese restaurant and you have a small album of pickled appetizers obtained from sauerkraut with sharpest lactobacilli, which I didn't realize, but originally sour cream came from Asia and then was exported across of the Silk Road and then took root in Eastern Europe, but sauerkraut also has lactobacilli when you're fermented the lactobacillus comes from the air that settles and as if as the cabbage ferments the bacteria start to grow in that dominates a elective bacillus expels everything then we eat it and then we put the bacteria in our intestine now there are a couple more things about how sourdough bread is a big surprise.

Shower dough is actually made with lactobacilli inside the fermented dough. There have now been research studies looking at the number of different types of lactobacilli that are present in fermented dough. dough itself and if you've never seen how to look at bacteria in bread in bread dough, this is the graph, you can pick out the individual bacteria and characterize and profile them, but there's one of these bacteria that's particularly important called lactobacillus Reuter, which originally comes from the mother, something that is surprising since we are realizing that this lactobacillus rerai bacteria lives in the colon when the mother is nine months pregnant, a signal is sent from the uterus to the colon and makes this bacteria leave the colon inside the blood cells, it's like calling an uber, it takes a cell and travels to the breast where it lives, it leaves the Oberer through the nipple and when the real breastfeeding begins.

The milk is injected. Breast milk injects this bacteria into the baby. This is another example of how the microbiome really works. It turns out that this bacteria can actually reduce the growth of breast cancer and it comes from breastfeeding and at least in the laboratory. If mom can actually breastfeed with Alecto Basilic Rooter, it would protect her for generations later against breast cancer, so again, we're starting to do some really powerful things, but your president is sourdough bread, this actually comes from of the chest. a study of tumors healthy diet breast cancers do not grow very well put them on a fast food diet you may not be surprised breast cancer grows much faster now you feed the animal fast food but the lactobacillus Arai root activates the defense of the microbiome against cancer Those who regulate their immune system and breast cancers have difficulty growing even when they do not eat such a good diet.

Now, obviously, we should be eating a good, healthy diet, but that shows you the power of the microbiome. Here's something interesting. People always criticize well, do you know how you know that they are things you buy like in the pharmacy? They are actually alive or if you cook them, you know that in these foods that you showed, the bacteria are not dead, at least for the lactobacilli, if you kill the bacteria. by putting in an ultrasound and just bombarding them so that they're nothing more than smaller little fragments and then you filter out anything that could possibly be alive, the fragment of that bacteria if you feed it will have the same health promoting microbiome. effects, so if you don't need live bacteria at least for this bacteria, just the presence of its fragments alone is good enough to work, it's mind-blowing to think about, well, another thing that lactobacillus Rotary does: it alters the fat metabolism. inside our gut changes the way we absorb lipids we actually process fat fat cells fat cells actually grow if you take regular Cho and overfeed a mouse it gets fat you get fat and feed a mouse food fast chow and get fat now you actually feed regular chow or fast food to an animal with lactobacillus.

Look, they don't gain weight so quickly. This is the power of the microbiome. At least this particular bacteria appears to play a role in preventing cancers from growing in it. breast to help reduce weight gain and actually the development of adipose tissue and then there's another set of data that I don't have time to show you: it actually causes the brain to release oxytocin, which is actually the social hormone that we feel it when we hug each other and again, these are our bacteria that control our minds, our psychologies and our social networks. Now most people won't have even thought that kiwis actually impact our microbiome, but this is a study, a very small but important study. one that simply shows a proof of concept from Singapore.

They gave volunteers two kiwis a day for four days and then looked inside their stool to see what happens in the first 24 hours. They had 35 percent more lactobacilli in their stool just from eating the Kiwi, the fiber and fruit that feed population-changing bacteria and bifid bacteria increased by 17% over the four days. These two bacteria, lactobacillus, have no bacteria, they actually produce other metabolites called short chain fatty acids or skaffa, which are anti-inflammatory, alter our lipid and energy metabolism and actually helped give our gut a protective mucus layer, so you have less leaky gut syndrome, so Kiwi, who would have thought that Kiwi would be beneficial for us based on our microbiome, but now you have it. the beginning of evidence to study this fruit and these are all foods that beneficially affect the microbiome.

Well, that's really interesting. Now the processed foods. Processed meats actually tend to be harmful. We don't absorb artificial sweeteners, but guess what they indulge in? In the gut, the bacteria have to deal with that, so it's kind of like that. You know, raining down a fire of artificial sweeteners, also bacteria have to deal with that because they are not absorbed into our body. There's a study in Israel that actually shows that artificial sweeteners actually harm the microbiome, especially saccharin, so I'm not going to waste my time. Oh, showing you all that, just to show you how powerful DNA modification is.

It's also really interesting. I don't have time to show you all the aspects. them, but I just know that our DNA we have good DNA and bad DNA, the good ones can actually help us block cancer, for example bad DNA, our oncogenes can help us develop cancer, many other diseases have similar patterns, do they? do you know if this? so that and from this then we have an opposite effect. Turmeric is an example of a food that actually increases good DNA through epigenetic changes and actually blocks cervical cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer while blocking bad DNA, for example. which actually works on both sides of the equation to be able to help us benefit, so with turmeric you really want to have some freshly ground black pepper because the body likes to expel the turmeric, but freshly ground black pepper will help the body. absorb the turmeric a little better,so again some of these nuances of mixing spices.

By the way, I have to give a shout out to whoever designed the lunch again today because it was very tasty and spiced and that's how you really make a plant-based everything. The foods that the diet can try are really tasty and I think it's something we should all lean towards because those spices can make a big difference, especially when it comes to our DNA. Okay, food can modify our genes. They can activate the color green. light for more good genes, they can turn on the red light for more bad genes, and sometimes they can do it together at the same time.

On the next slide I'll show you an example of a food group in the middle and the bioactives and the green lights are good, good genes and the red lights are bad, and you can see we're starting to create this puzzle of what things in what foods activate good genes, what foods activate bad genes, that's what we want. What do you want to do as another way to understand our diet so that you don't need to memorize this image, but you should know that in addition to all the other things that you have heard about today and that I have also talked about. that the foods we eat that are good for us also affect our DNA.

Now finally let me tell you something amazing about the immune system, so let's know that young babies need to be protected because their immune system is not that strong. Breastfeeding helps boost our immune system. Oh wait a minute, that lactobacillus Rooter Eye actually helps boost the immune system. Aha, another link between immunity and our microbiome. We also know that as we age, our immune system tends to weaken due to stem cells. that build immune systems are not as strong or are they and this is what we are starting to discover: we are having a new paradigm of the strength of our immunity as we age, so our immune system you know it without going into a whole Newsom's very, very complicated conference.

You have the immediate immune system that reacts to infections or invasions. You have the adaptive immune system that creates antibodies. I just want to show you this image. This image was made by a group at the Weitzman Institute in Israel looks at social media, social media that connects the immune cells that are part of our immune system and our non-immune cells, and they are talking all the time, our immune system It is talking to other beings all the time and we don't. We don't understand everything, we don't know how to decode all that conversation, but we know that it is really very important and that is why we need to protect our immune system.

What are the ways we can really protect our immune system? Bubble Boy, which you guys probably remember, you know, in the '70s and '80s, in a movie about this, there's a kid with them and an immunodeficiency syndrome where basically no immune system couldn't expose them to outside air or he . He would infect me and I would die and that is an extreme example where you don't have a strong enough immune system and now we also know that in many cases of cancer cancers escape our immune system and our museum wants to get rid of them.

The cancer that I showed you before without blood vessels cancers can't grow they are small your immune system kills them well how come some of them grow because they can escape our immune system so what we are starting to realize is that you In fact , the immune system can now be strengthened using immunotherapy for cancer. Immunotherapy for cancer is not chemotherapy. Well, it's not radiation. It involves giving drugs to cancer patients that are now approved by the FDA. There were like six of them in the last three or four years. they don't kill the cancer directly per se, but they unmask it so that your own immune system can benefit my mother, who is 83 years old, with metastatic cancer and new material that was recurring, she really wasn't given a chance and unless It probably would have been very destructive for her, but she received immune treatment and after three infusions that allowed her own 80-year-old immune system to find the cancer, all of her cancer was gone, not a bit left.

Of cancer. This is an example. on the left of a metastatic melanoma cancer in the brain after immune therapy a tumor in the brain that spread from another part of the body disappears with the immune system can disappear Jimmy Carter was one of the most visible early recipients of this Some Of you will remember that at one point, I think in August of 2015, he actually wrote a public letter saying, "I'm retiring from public life now because my melanoma, you know, is building houses in and in Atlanta my melanoma my arms spread to my liver and my brain and there is no good treatment, there is no treatment until immunotherapy and he is alive today with no signs of cancer, he is fine with immunotherapy, now here is the problem with immunotherapy, it is 4000 times the cost of gold. by weight, 4,000 times the cost of gold, so you know, if you just Google immunotherapy and the cost you'll end up seeing the big debates going on.

I mean, how can we not give someone we care about the. benefit of having an immunity? therapy well, it's very simple the checkbook who pays for all of us and how can we make more people benefit because not everyone benefits yet this is a great social conversation but that's not why I'm telling you this. Because these treatments are actually affected by food, there was a study where a president co-chaired a conference in Paris last year called rethinking cancer and it was really interesting because we said, let's organize a cancer research meeting, but you can't talk about chemotherapy.

Don't talk about clinical trials you can't talk about, you know, drugs or radiation, all you talk about is everything else. Well, that's your immune system, that's your sleep, that's your stress, that's your diet, what we found is that people who when you look at patients who respond to immunotherapy versus people who don't respond the only difference it's a bacteria in the gut called Ackerman see a moose in Oh Philip if you had a cure masiha he would actually survive you would actually respond if you had it If you had it your immune system wouldn't survive. The microbiome connected to the immune system.

What you can't eat. Ackerman SIA as a probiotic does not exist. The only thing you can do. We can all do it in this room. Oh, by the way, Accra, man, go. If I give you accented clarithromycin, it will clear it up nicely in two days, that's how sensitive it is, so how are you going to come back? The only way to grow again. Ackerman says that Musa Nephila is with food eight ounces, which is one liquid cup of Pure pomegranate or cranberry juice over the course of a couple of weeks will regrow your Accra man SIA.

This is not known in oncology, the community of cancer patients does not know it, but it is necessary to know it and it is a way to make that great investment. in immunotherapy it's more likely to work, so again, this is I can't. I'm not rejecting modern medicine. Western medicine. I'm not one of those guys. I'm saying we need to know this even for medicine to work better, but that's how powerful immune systems are here's a couple more surprises Easter I know this is plant-based I just want to show you that this is seafood okay, boy, it's been found to have a polysaccharide and a protein that boosts your immune system and in fact, what's really amazing is that if you take Pacific oysters, which are the most common oysters in the world, you buy them at a local fish market and you can extract the proteins and feed them to mice with cancer, you can Look, you have almost a half reduction in tumor growth, the immune organs, the thymus of the spleen, they get bigger because they are breeding, in They actually eliminate that cancer and have twice the lethal power of some of the natural ones. killer cells, okay this is early, but we're not treating cancer patients with oysters, but this is just showing you the impact of what we can find in our diet because of the way these peptides are extracted and the oysters. the same way they make a wetter sauce that you can have in a Chinese restaurant, okay, again there is some pragmatism in this and this is where the need for our world to come together has been studied.

Broccoli sprouts are the live food movement if you have broccoli. sprouts there is a group that actually showed that a beauty of this is from three universities 29 healthy volunteers gave them two cups of broccoli sprouts that they made a sheikh they gave him for four days the second day they gave him a nasal flu vaccine right So that there's some attenuated flu in there and guess what actually the people who had the illuminated outbreaks had 20 responded to the vaccine by having 22 times more immune cells, which is a really significant boost, 22 times more and the NK cells, the natural killer cells had more. lethal power and when you looked in the nose, the cells of the people who actually took that took the sprout shake, there was less flu left in their nose and it also shows how powerful their immune system is again, our diets impact our immune defense systems. health in meaningful ways that can change our lives, so I want you to really think about our health, your health, our collective health, not just as a passive absence of disease, but really as these systems that we are responsible for and over. that we really have to make decisions. the ability of the kind of information that you've heard throughout today, including what I've shown you, to choose foods that can make this difference in terms of our body's defense systems and and and this is just a graph.

It will be in the book I am publishing. These are called Grand Slammer foods. These are foods that attack the five defense systems. They are all angiogenic. They help blood circulation. They help stem cells. They help the microbiome. They help DNA repair itself and help stimulate. your immune system, so again, if you had to pick some foods that would actually do all of these things, this would be the list, so this is the book that my new book is coming out in March. In fact, you can go to Amazon or pre-order it directly. now but I have done it because I know that people are interested in this information since I go out and talk if you come to my website dr.

William Lee, calm down and register. In fact, I created a plant-based guide that has lists of some of these foods that you can download, so you can grab that guide to get started. Well, I mean, this book is like you know what it is. very thick and so on, but this will be a starting point for you and actually what you can actually do. I just ended up quoting a fellow doctor and surgeon named Nicole Atul Gawande, he has written some really fabulous books and I was at the TED conference with him when he gave his talk and he said something that really struck me, he said that what matters is not the good What you are now but how good you are going to be and I would say for everyone in this room with everything we have.

In fact, I heard all day that regardless of what your life was like yesterday, we are all now armed with the knowledge to be able to make better decisions about how good we will be tomorrow. Thank you very much for the different book topics and everything. Also, on the benefits of the plant-based diet, there's a general public that watches other things on TV, some of the shows like the doctors, things like that, they'll put out a report that goes into depth on some of the things. that ate tomatoes are good for you, vegetables and stuff, but it was said that these plants have lectins and they said that lectins are bad for you because they bind with sugars and cause a sticky substance that affects the cells and stuff, then how?

Is the general public really supposed to figure out what's good and what's not and then if someone posts something that everyone else doesn't agree with, how do you address that? Because I haven't heard anything to say about this doctor who came out to say all those things. bad for you, so it's a very good question. I want to summarize by saying that what you are asking is that we are presented with provocative information in the media and that we can access all the time that we hear about all the time and sometimes it is a little confusing because it contradicts what you hear in one area or another and what I would say is that what I do, I encourage you to do what I do, which is to really investigate it and look at the facts when I look at the facts, sometimes it is necessary to consult the literature and, even if I am not a scientist, If you look at what's really out there, it's possible to really see what most people are saying, for example, there's a resource. online called PubMed P, some of you may be familiar with it, it is the national medical research databaseof the country, it's free, it's available to anyone you know, Google will deliver it to you in two seconds if you search for tomatoes and lectins.

I guarantee you won't find anything that actually proves that tomato lectins are actually harmful to you. It's an interesting idea. I'm not slandering anyone's ideas. What I would say is that you have to look for where the evidence really is and what I've tried to do when I prepared my talk today is to show you different types of evidence that actually put together a complete picture that, if you know, when you go out and buy a car, everyone will tell you one thing versus another. the other you are going to buy a house the real estate agent tells you he passed by another we have to ask consumers for information about food and health do the same as him you know how to trust but be critical we want to find people who we Trust to listen to I think so you find out that most people agree with something, I think you know you can probably give it more weight and then some things just aren't known yet and that's okay, you know if you agree.

If you're really in the space field, we think there might be life out there that we don't know about yet. We have found planets that seem to support it and that's why people are talking about it, but that doesn't mean that there are little green men who are waiting to come down to earth and, again, I think we have to be able to be critical when looking at the evidence, Science in general doesn't lie, you know, it evolves, but it generally tells the truth, and that's why. I mean the truth and I think that's probably the best way to advise everyone in this room to seek the truth.

Yes, sir, I saw one who had Crohn's disease and over the years he has dealt with nutrition and so on to get Going back to admissions, people said we talk about a lot of things that are good for us and one of the things we talked about was soy which you know you're talking about in terms of women and breast cancer and things like that, but a lot of men were avoiding things like soy just because of things they'd heard over time. and the second part of the question was when you're in a hospital and you see a lot of people who might be fighting cancer and other diseases. but the things that they give them in the hospital, the type of diets that have a lot of fatty and sugary foods, even the things that they give them intravenously in terms of protein, when you look when you read the ingredients You know, for example, why What do you give me sugary things?

That's something you think the cancer will actually feed. Let us know for any other health reasons. So in terms of those things, what would you give and what can we change about it? doing things that we, like no layman, believe should be simple but apparently not well, you know, the question really is how do we approach the fact that the place of the second is how do we approach the place where we really need the most support. when we're sick in a hospital with food to eliminate foods that might actually hurt us and not help us or the other way of thinking is, you know, we can get a warm blanket in the hospital, how come we can?

We don't get good plant-based food, and if we're vegan, why can't we always get it at the hospital? So this is a basic injustice that is now being addressed by the people in this room. I mean, they qualify the fact that Santara is that you put this together, you know the doctors who leave this conference and bring in other people who are doctors from all over the country to talk about it. This is where it starts. This is where you know him as my friend. Dean Ornish said you can't underestimate the power of a small group of people who really want to change the world.

That's why we're here, we're all gathered here because we want to make a difference and I think we're learning and I think the hospital should be the last place where unhealthy foods are served, but I can tell you that doctors are now just beginning to see. changes in what we are fed, but when I was in medical school and in residency, you know, we were there on call day and night, sleep deprived and the cafeteria had horrible food, almost everything was fried, you know, we hardly had any lots of fresh vegetables. of processed foods and you know how you hope to create that culture of health when in reality the things that are served in the hospital are not that good for you, you know that, but it is a deep-rooted problem that needs to change. making a collective effort is like school lunches, you know, I mean the future of our society is the children we take to school, it is not that easy to solve the problem, but we must all work together with a note of hope and address that problem.

The latest Forks Over Knives magazine has an article about a doctor at the Montefiore hospital system in the Bronx. He has Forks Over Knives displayed in all 2,000 hospital rooms in four or five hospitals. His food system serves vegan meals. Their cafes serve vegan food. meals and about eight meals too, but vegan meals are running out, so he's managed to do it. He is a preventive cardiology doctor. Robert aust felt he was nicknamed dr. Cayle is right, I really want to say it's great news that these little pockets of change are happening and I think for Sentara this is its own pocket of change right now, here, I think, in the Bronx. something is happening.

I can tell you that teaching these concepts in school is also very important. I was visiting a school in Massachusetts about a month ago and saw an 11th grade project looking at antiangiogenic foods that could be served in a nursing home. for their cancer patients and so if a high school student can do it, then we really need to be able to improve the conversation with our hospital administration. Thank you very much for a wonderful