The Priceless Ancient Relics Of Christianity | Secrets Of The Bible | Odyssey

the Holy Grail the most desired object of Christianity the Holy Grail is said to be the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper its power is said to be unlimited we have something that could have devastating power but no one knows where it is or what it looks like It will be explained as the cup of the Last Supper, the bowl used in the crucifixion, a plate with powers and a Celestial Stone Throughout history, many claim to have found the Grail, but they have all been proven false if you examine them. Scientifically none of them are Grail, but one man believes that he has achieved the impossible and found the Grail.

Once you start looking for it, your life begins to transform. He believes that the secret to his identity lies with a mysterious order of knights in one form or another. The group wanted to pass the message to the general public and their discovery changed their lives. It is a very personal search. It's a lifelong quest. When things begin to happen in your life as a result of divine intervention, you change from believing in God to being certain in the existence of God and he believes that anyone anywhere in the world can find him, but only if what he has found It really is the Holy Grail.

The southern United States is home to some of America's most spectacular sites, but in the 1960s it was a battleground for civil rights. Movement let's go to the mine let's walk together let's stay together let's go to a witness to the riots is the young Irishman Tim Wallace Murphy he wants to be a writer and is looking for inspiration I wandered around the world for about 10 years I think my excuse for walking around the world was to find the background of the great Irish novel let's moan together we'll grow together and after a while we have freedom, freedom, freedom now as it travels around the world.

He witnesses a world struggling to live in harmony, something his family background in Ireland made him aware of. I had a rather mixed background. My mother was originally French and Jewish, she moved to Ireland to escape anti-Semitism and married me. my father was an Irish Catholic, so I'm a French-Irish yisha kid who survived a Catholic upbringing and if you want to grow up spiritually confused, I can assure you it's a good path to follow after a decade-long pursuit of Wallace Murphy to be a writer ends in failure so he returns to Ireland with a new ambition.

I went back to university and graduated as a psychologist. His new career brings him into contact with someone who would change his life forever. One of my clients described himself as burnt out. writer a wonderfully talented and humanly imperfect genius named Trevor ravencraft we became very good friends he was no longer a client he was a good friend Ravenscroft tells Wallace Murphy all about a book he had written, he had written a book that became a kind cult classic was called the Cup of Fate the Cup of Fate explores the legend of the Holy Grail while Wallace Murphy reads it.

He is fascinated by the

secrets

this Relic could contain but is hungry for more what exactly the Grail was and where it is today discovers the past with exclusive

ancient

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This would be one of those glasses that was filled with wine and then passed from hand to hand and shared with the disciples. The Legend of the Grail also speaks of the crucifixion of Jesus mentions José de Aria a friend of the José de Ara family acquires the cup of the last supper and then takes it and is physically present at the crucifixion and uses it to collect the blood of Christ. Legend says that the grail's close connection with Christ confers the Holy Grail special powers once it had held the blood of Jesus it then became a source of healing, blessing and goodness.

This relic is reputed to have miraculous legs. It can be healing. It can be transformative. It can virtually give you the gift of almost eternal life. Wallace Murphy is intrigued by power. The Grail You may possess, if discovered, it could change the world, but finding it will not be easy. The Holy Grail may be Christianity's most desired relic, but it is also its most elusive. Valencia Spain Wallace Murphy discovers that inside the city's medieval cathedral there is a famous treasure: a chalice. a cup studded with jewels many claim that this cup is the Holy Grail the authentic cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper they point to the fact that many popes have used this chalice to celebrate the Eucharist it was even used by Pope John Paul II and Hay a wonderful photo of him kissing the chalice and a little later he was able to use it in the celebration of mass, but Wallace Murphy discovers that the Valencia Cathedral Chalice is just one of hundreds of cups competing to be the true Holy Grail.

Possession of the Grail in medieval Europe was good for business if you made it known that you had the Holy Grail in your Abbey or Cathedral. Pilgrims will flock to the city and will be signs to those who are eager to give money. your church and if you have an old holy cup hidden among your church treasures, it's terribly tempting to say, well, we don't know where it came from, but it's possibly the Holy Grail. Wallace Murphy also realizes that the cups reported to be The Holy Grail have one major flaw: their appearance, the way the Grail is depicted as a chalice covered in jewels made of gold or silver, is somewhat that a king would have.

It is highly unlikely that it would have been something Jesus would have had. I think we could almost argue to you that the more elaborately adorned and treasure-encrusted the so-called Holy Grail is, the less likely it is to be the same when Jesus established the mass that would almost certainly have been a simple wooden cup; some experts even doubt whether the cup at the Last Supper was considered special at the time, you really have to go back to what happened at the Last Supper and there is this rather hopeful notion that somehow everyone understood what Christianity would become 2000 years later. the line that actually, if you read the biblical text, they didn't, they were very confused about what was happening and very desperate about what was happening, to think that one of them thinks that this is a sacred object that we owe hold on I don't want to be irreligious, but it's really not that believable.

Wallace Murphy seems to have reached a dead end in his search for the Holy Grail, so he turns to the Bible for clues and discovers that the story of The Last Supper never mentions a holy tomb, nor does it even say that the cup of the Last Supper was special, so it draws on the story of Joseph of Aramia collecting Christ's blood on the cross, not a word about a sacred cup or the Grail either. For Wallace Murphy it is clear that the legend of the Grail is not in the Bible, so where does it come from in 13th century France?

Wallace Murphy's search for the Grail takes him to the ladies of the court of Paris. They have a new favorite hobby: it's not dancing but reading. They are captivated by a text that tells the story of handsome knights in search of a mysterious object. It's called The Vulgate Cycle. There are a series of five Vulgate romances because they are written in French, not Latin, the vulgar language. The Vulgate cycle is. It's all about chivalry, but it's also about moving into a different world. Wallace Murphy realizes that it is this text that links the cup of the Last Supper and Joseph of Arama to the Holy Grail, but Wallace Murphy points out that this was not the first Grail story. and the earlier poems did not represent the Grail as a cup Bavaria South Germany Wallace Murphy discovers that this was the source of another version of the Grail poem pval there is a German version under vram of ebar who is a German knight and also a poet baval era Written a few decades before the Vulgate cycle, Wallace Murphy notes that while the stories of the knights seeking the Grail are similar, there are some significant differences in this earlier version: the story does not focus on Christ or Joseph of ARA; in fact there is not even a mention of a cup for vron the Grail is not a cup it is a stone and it is a stone that falls from the sky it is a wonderful thing the power of the stone increases every year because a dove descends with a small wafer and he puts it on top of the stone and that revitalizes the Grail.

Wolfram's poem gives no further clues about the Grail and no one has found this mythical stone anyway. As Wallace Murphy continues his research, he discovers that there is a poem about the Grail even earlier and in this text. The Grail takes another form: the Champagne region of northern France is known today for its sparkling wine, but in the Middle Ages it was famous as the birthplace of crti and D clender is the first to write about the Grail and write about it. circa 1190 crea peral's poem the story of the grail was composed about 20 years before wolfram's par ofal The poem by Crean Peral sets out on a journey to become a knight.

His travels take him to a castle where he is received by the fisherman king. Peral is here. He witnesses a mystical procession. He finds himself in a beautiful castle with a very strange host who He is lame and passes a wonderful procession and sees a spear, a sword and, crucially, a young woman holding something called The Grail. She simply speaks of a large golden plate that inside has the power to stand and what is inside is not food but a host for the Holy Mass afterwards. his Whistle Stop tour of the Grail Legends Wallace Murphy is more lost than when he started the Grail could be any of the objects depicted in the poems if he ever found the Grail then one night Wallace Murphy finds a clue in an unlikely place on his television when I saw that wonderful man, Professor Joseph Campbell, being interviewed by Bill Moyers for a wonderful television series called The Power of Myth.

It's a mystery. Transcendent of all human research. The source of life. What is it? The documentary marks a milestone in the search for Wallace Murphy. see the Grail has nothing to do with a relic and his Camp of Miraculous Powers said that it wasn't just about looking for a relic, he said, why should a medieval knight, no matter how devout he is, go looking for a relic , however sacred, when if you wanted a miracle according to the belief system of the time all you had to do was cross the street, go to church and take communion and you would directly participate in the body and blood of Christ.

I give you a life. It is now that Wallace Murphy realizes that the Grail stories are not about a relic, but if it's not a relic, what is it? Wallace Murphy returns to the original Grail myths. He is searching for a kernel of Truth, a clue to some tangible story that will reveal the secret of the Grail. Through the second oldest passage in Grail history, he discovers that its author was not just a talented wolf poet. Ramón Ebach was also a gentleman and not just any gentleman. There are indications that he was a member of the legendary order of medieval knights, the Templars, Wallace Murphy.

He is intrigued by the possible link between the mythical Grail Knights and the historical Knights Templar. He observes that the Templars rose to prominence in the 12th century at exactly the same time as the Grail poems. The true flowering of GRA literature is between about 1190 and 1275. Background of the Templars who are the most powerful in terms of military power. Wallace Murphy also points out that like the Grail Knights, the Knights Templar do not fight for glory or power, they fight for good at this time when Volam is fighting. They are an ideal of Chivalry, they are a true Christian Chivalry, they are not selfish but altruistic, they take care of society, but what confirms this for Wallace Murphy is the fact that both bands of knights share the same uniform.

Von Ebar when he writes about the knights who guard the Grail Castle does something very, very unusual, he describes the Knights Templar, he describes them as dressed in white and that would automatically have made everyone think of the Templars because they were the only Knights who dressed Completely white, it was his Purity uniform. All these links persuade Wallace Murphy that the story of the Knights of the Gra is based in some way on the exploits of the Knights Templar, perhaps not the poems but theKnights Templar themselves who keep the secret of the Grail. 12th century Jerusalem, after the First Crusade, knights temp temp are formed to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land in 1099.

Christian armies take Jerusalem. All of Christendom is elated, but the dream quickly turns into a nightmare, as logistically maintaining control of the Holy Land is very difficult. The knight approaches and says: I want to found an Order of Chivalry and we will dedicate ourselves to protecting the pilgrims here in the holy land. For Wallace Murphy, the presence of the Knights Templar in Jerusalem is potentially very significant. This is the first time in 500 years that Christians are in control of the land where Jesus was crucified, if any secret or treasure from the time of Christ was hidden, it is possible that it is still in Jerusalem and if it is the Templars it is a better place than no one to find them their headquarters is in the most sacred place in the city the Temple Mount today the site is dominated by the Dome of the Rock but in

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times it was the site of Solomon's Temple, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem gives them their actual lodging which is on the Temple Mount, is the building that the Crusaders called Solomon's Temple because it is supposed to be on the site of Solomon's Temple, while the Templars are on the Temple Mount, it is a vast space and They have a lot to do, it's their military headquarters and their administrative headquarters, so they rebuilt it, dug a shaft through the rock of the Temple Mount, a shaft over 90 feet deep, and created a series of radiating tunnels. under the.

Most scholars doubt that there was anything sinister about the excavation. There are many stories of them digging beneath the Temple Mounts. This doesn't have to be for the Holy Grail or the Ark of the Covenant. Solomon's Stables is an area that can still be seen and there is no doubt that they made it, used it, developed it and it became part of their headquarters, but Wallace Murphy believes that the Templars were digging for a specific reason and There are rumors that during these excavations the Templars find something that they knew they were looking for and they knew where to dig and when they found it they would rush back to Europe if the Templars found something under the Temple Mount.

They never said lar roelle a seaport in France during the 12th century it was a port used by Templars returning from their Expeditions abroad Wallace Murphy doesn't know for sure what the Templars brought to Europe, but suspects it must have been something valuable because in Before long the Templars became one of the richest orders in Europe and benefited from ordinary people giving them money. over the course of 200 years something happens they become very powerful they amass enormous wealth they very quickly became what we would call a multinational conglomerate they had holdings from Poland in the north to Minca in the south from England and Scotland and Ireland throughout Europe to Earth Holy and it's not just wealth, the Templars received the Pope's blessing, he gave them privileges that no one else had.

This greatly angered the regular monks, friars, priests and bishops and there was a great deal of jealousy with the blessing of the Pope and his many riches The Templars become by far the most powerful order of knights in Europe Wallace Murphy is intrigued if they would have found the Grail 14th century medieval France the country is ruled by King Philip IV the Templars are at the peak of their powers if they know anything about the Grail they play their cards carefully but the Templars don't last forever after 200 years. As public opinion of the Darlings of Europe begins to change, there are more and more reports and stories of abuse by the Templars and hostility from the common population, the Templars become a little big for their boots and By the time the Crusades are coming to an end, the Templars with their visions of knights and castles and battles in distant lands are something Europe is a little tired of.

In the end, the change of attitude is a golden opportunity for King Philip, after financing many wars, the king is bankrupt and the only way to restore his fortune is to steal it from the Templars, the way he did it was to put even more public opinion against him. of what had already changed by saying that they were guilty of blasphemy, heresy, secrecy, sodomy, of all the things that at least publicly scandalized the medieval world and that the king sees the opportunity and eliminates the Templars. Philip issued secret orders to all his local royal representatives throughout France to storm Templar commanderies throughout France early on the morning of Friday 13 October 1307 and for many people the date of Friday the 13th is still remembered as a particularly unlucky date: They were arrested on charges of heresy. and handed over to the care of the Inquisition, they were dissolved by the Pope alleging that the order had fallen into disrepute.

Wallace Murphy examines whether anything is found in the Templar possessions that could shed light on the Grail when Templar properties throughout France were raided no Grail was ever found in his possession for Wallace Murphy this could mean only one thing the legendary quest for the The Grail has nothing to do with any material object. The Grail, if it is real, must be a more intangible treasure. Maybe it is an idea. When we think of an idea as something with substance, it can be much more powerful and much more potent than any physical object. If the Grail is actually an idea, then we have something that could have real power.

Wallace Murphy wonders if the heresy of which the Templars were tried could itself be a serious heresy. It is a common accusation in the Medieval Era. The 14th century church is ruthless in suppressing other beliefs. The church is everywhere during the period the church is the guardian of the afterlife and the afterlife executors of what people should do in this life any deviation from the strict teachings of the medieval church is met with torture and death and the church put hard pressure on the Templars to that they confessed their heresy the church is a very bureaucratic organization and the documentation of the trial is massive There are records of first hand accounts from the Knights about what they saw in the Templar order, most of them did not see anything unusual but there are a handful which do give evidence that is disturbing.

One accusation is that they held a shocking initiation ceremony that went directly against it. According to church rituals, there is no doubt that there was an element in their reception ceremony when they welcomed a new Knight and initiated him that required the Knight to deny Christ and spit on a crucifix when you think about the medieval world. in which He lived in a world where the Inquisition persecuted unorthodox behavior. It has been discovered that those things happened very seriously. The trial records reveal no clues as to what the Grail might be. Wallace Murphy wonders if the Templars could have hidden the secret of the Grail. in its churches the Temple Church in London England outside a column topped by a knight on horseback inside the tombs of famous Knights Templar although the order of the Knights Templar came to an abrupt end in the 14th century their legacy survived in numerous churches throughout Europe Wallace Murphy explores these churches for secret signs of the Templar heresy.

Most Templar churches are incredibly simple, but there are certain diagnostic signs that indicate a Templar Church, while traditional medieval churches are filled with statues and paintings of Christ. The iconography of the Templar churches focuses on the Virgin Mary all Templar churches 90% of Templar churches were dedicated to the Virgin Mary the temples had a special reverence for the Virgin Mary for our lady so the churches were dedicated to Our Lady on the night the Templars made their vows in the name of the Virgin Mary although the cult of Mary was different from standard Church teaching, it was not a medieval heresy, many churches throughout Europe paid homage to the Virgin Mary, but perhaps there was more to the Templars' devotion to Mary than met the eye in the 13th century Shad Cathedral.

France 60 miles southwest of Paris its Gothic architecture has made it a world heritage site it has been a magnet for pilgrims over the centuries, but for Wallace Murphy Shart Cathedral may hold clues to the true nature of the Grail , small details in the architecture make you suspect that At first it was inspired by Templar influences, it looks like an orthodox teaching of Catholic dogma, which it is and is very beautifully designed, but above the main tanum there is a carving of Jesus enthroned in glory with the hand raised in blessing. It is another medieval carving of Jesus but Wallace Murphy is intrigued by the cross behind Jesus' head the sign of his divinity is the cross inside his Halo but it is not just any cross its shape is very similar to the cross that the Templars use in his pods Wallace Murphy believes that this cross is a sign that the Templars were involved in the construction of this Cathedral when you finance the construction of a place, you can tell what goes, where as simple as that the Templar had hidden The Grail inside This Cathedral Says Wallace Murphy While exploring the interior of the cathedral, he finds something: a statue of the Virgin Mary, known as the Black Madonna.

In that same cathedral there are three black Madonnas. The Virgin Mary is normally depicted with white skin tones, but here in the chat and in hundreds. Black Madonnas are found in many medieval churches throughout Europe. The classic ones are from the 12th century, they measure about 30 cm high and are sitting absolutely straight with the Baby Jesus on his lap looking directly at you. Black Madonnas are striking and even beautiful, but the Catholic Church struggles to explain why. They differ from traditional madonnas. I think, in my experience, when you ask questions about her, the church tends to say, "Oh, people didn't know what Jews were like in those days and that's why they thought they might be black." She has been an enigma to the church. and to some extent it is a shame now if you ask the church authorities, they say they are black because of the candle smoke.

What a load of nonsense for Wallace Murphy. This may be the breakthrough he has been looking for. There are rumors that the black madonnas. Said to be linked to the Templars, they are very much a symbol of the 12th century. It is assumed that the storms brought many of them with them in their saddlebags. Wallace Murphy wonders if the black Madonnas are somehow linked to the Grail. the Grail perhaps connected to women, some believe that in the past version of The Grail Legend the quest is motivated by none other than a curse, it seems that in the VR parallel they responded to a call and it was usually a call to go to rescue some. woman, so it is very connected to the feminine principle, but if the Grail was about the feminine principle, then what was it that was so valued by the Templars and so feared by the church?

Wallace Murphy looks for clues in the symbolism of the skin tones of the black Madonnas in the West the color black has a negative meaning we talk about the black market and black coins things that are underground and secret but in Antiquity black has very positive associations in the Egyptian tradition black is the color of wisdom which is what illuminates everything about the black virgin is the darkness she is underground but she is also the virgin of light so she is the light in the darkness she is alternative Christianity Wallace Murphy believes that what the Black Virgin represents is what he has been searching for for himself in this rift The Mystery of the Holy Grail Wallace Murphy believes that the Templars assumed that there was more wisdom in the Virgin Mary than in Jesus Christ for a church governed by male priests who It was a heresy and did not like the idea of ​​people seeking wisdom for themselves, no wonder the Templars were persecuted in one way or another, this group wanted to convey the simple message of spiritual enlightenment to the general public.

Wallace Murphy believes that the Templars' new spiritual wisdom was a dangerous idea, so they hid it in the symbolism of their churches, but also within poems. that his beliefs could survive and teach future generations he was trying to encode part of his belief system into his story. I think the invention of the Grail sagas was the masterstroke that helped preserve Templar teaching, but if the Grail was wisdom, what exactly was wisdom? The Templars worshiped Freemasons Hall in London, England, the meeting place of an international organization with secret ceremonies. Wallace Murphy believes the Freemasons may have a link to the Templars as he investigates both orders.

Wallace Murphy finds many similarities. Both contain secret initiation ceremonies with which the founder of the Templars married. a family credited as Leaders of Scottish Freemasonry and one of the highest ranks in Freemasonry is the KnightTemplar, but the problem is that the Masons only emerged 300 years after the disappearance of the Templars. Many people have wondered how so much Templar teaching arose and The influence came into Freemasonry when the Templars were suppressed in 1314 and Freemasonry as we know it now did not arrive until the early 17th century and the answer is that the families that founded the Templars They got the message and kept their heads down for most of the century. three centuries, but if Templar belief survived in Freemasonry, what does Templar wisdom look like?

In other words, the Grail is seen in practice from its beginning. Freemasonry has been founded on two principles: brotherhood and charity, everything related to its symbols and rituals was designed to promote those basic ideals and it has been preaching its method of inducing good men to be better through myths, allegories and rituals since Wallace Murphy believes that in modern Freemasonry we can glimpse the moral principles at the heart of the Knights Templar, the basic principle is to create a world of Brotherhood. about the foundations of Truth and Justice and you look around the world today and say we don't need that and for Wallace Murphy the most gratifying discovery is the realization that the Grail message can be adopted by anyone who doesn't need it.

You don't have to be a Knight Templar or a Freemason to do it, we can all do it if we can go back to basic spiritual principles and practice them. Some simple things, compassion, love and service, behave towards each other as brothers, remember that, regardless of our race. Color or cream we are all children of the same God and we behave with Brotherhood with compassion and with Justice we could transform this world. It's a noble vision of the Grail but one that challenges the accepted views of the theories of Grail experts and the connections between the Templars and the Holy Grail.

It's a lot of fun, it's a lot of fun to read on a winter's night, but as a historian, no one should confuse them with historical facts. It is very difficult to relate The Grail to the Templars, so it is very difficult to give these theories anyway. It's a hugely compelling image because there's enough to see the shape, but not enough to absolutely say it is what it is and it can't. be anything else and, of course, this is what is very, very attractive, you can remake The Grail not into anything you want, but into this enormous variety of things that symbolize something good, something that is going to transform Our Lives, but for Wallace Murphy the fact that his search for the Grail transformed his own life is in itself proof that the Grail Search is a real transformative change; it does not have to be massive and dramatic, in my case it has been continuous and marginal, but enough to make a huge difference.

Go to bed at night with a smile on my face and a clear conscience. I woke up this morning. Hing Whoopi, another day. What do I gain from this? How can I serve? And from there flows the inner peace, the courage and the commitment to move forward that is available to anyone of any culture at any time who seeks it that is the essence of the search gril the shroud of urin a mysterious religious relic many believe it shows the true face of Christ there are many faithful who would look at it and know somehow in their hearts that it is something of Christ some believe that this is the material used to cover Christ after his death.

I believe we are dealing with the real burial cloth of Jesus, but according to science it is nothing more than a medieval forgery, the way the image was formed is a mystery almost as big as the Shroud itself in the 1980s Scientific testing ruled out the Shroud as a 14th-century forgery. The 1350s is the first time Western Christendom is aware of the Shroud, but one man disagrees and believes it is such a unique mystery. The artifact must be examined in a unique way when I began to see the Shroud I felt a sense of infinity. This scientist has spent his life examining the Shroud of Turin, but can he prove that it is the funeral cloth of Christ, a young man, in Italy in 1968?

The boy Julio Fany is on vacation in the city with his parents. His guide has a circle with the places he wants to visit when I was 12 years old. I went on tour. I read in a GU book that during the tour there was a on the Shroud. I was very curious to see. and I went directly to the chapel, but young Fany is disappointed with his journey. When I entered the temple they told me that uh, the Shroud was closer, it was not possible to see it. The Shroud is rarely shown to the public, it is usually sealed.

In a climate-controlled box inside the chapel during the 20th century there have only been four exhibitions or screenings of the Shroud, on average about once every 25 years, although young Fany is unable to see the Shroud. The experience makes a great impression, the only thing I could. What I did was for a photograph of the T should I have H in my room this begins a lifelong fascination with this mysterious object Jerusalem AD 33 Jesus is accused of blasphemy and condemned to die by crucifixion endures many wounds he is whipped they put a crown on him of thorns on his head and nailed to a cross a spear also pierces his side once dead he is buried in a tomb all the gospels tell us that he was buried in a clean linen The gospel of John has many details about the linens we use used at the burial of Jesus after 3 days some disciples inspect the tomb of Jesus they do not find his body only the shroud if you look at the gospel of John it says that John and Peter ran to the tomb Peter enters and sees the linen cloth lying there in the Tomb there is a wonderful line in the gospel of John that says that he saw and believed then he saw something there was a shroud with the image of Christ perhaps many believe that the Turin Shroud is the funerary cloth of Christ but fany discovers the authenticity of the Shroud Santa is fiercely contested.

The Shroud is a particular object that opens many debates because it is an interesting object from a scientific point of view, but it is also interesting from a religious point of view. Fany discovers that many suspect the origins of the Shroud. This is due to its sudden appearance in the Middle Ages. The relic first appeared in the 1350s when it was displayed in the French town of Ler. It seems as if it came out of nowhere and when it is displayed no explanation is given or at least none has been recorded. where she came from by exploring the historical archives Fany discovers that the Shroud was incredibly popular, however, she discovers that within the church there were doubts about the authenticity of the Shroud.

A bishop from a nearby church wrote to the Pope about his suspicions. The bishop's 1389 letter to Pope Clement is a very important document because in it Bishop Peter says he has seen evidence of an investigation carried out 30 years earlier by a predecessor. of his Enrique de Puer who said that he had found the painter who had forged the Shroud and that he had recorded a formal verdict that it was a forgery Fany is surprised by the skepticism shown by this man of God, but he can also see that the bishop's motives may not have been entirely pure, there may have been a question of income that he would prefer not to be the pilgrims.

He saw the Shroud but came to see

relics

in one of his churches. Skeptics believe the Shroud was forged to satisfy a huge demand for Christian

relics

. The making of relics was a kind of important industry in the medieval period. There are enough jars containing the tears of Christ in Europe. Floating the Titanic and a relic capturing the body of Christ just before his resurrection would be the ultimate attraction. A relic like the Shroud of Churin is a relic of the first order, it is a relic related to Christ himself, so in terms of its value as a relic.

It is very significant Fany can see that if a church had an important religious relic it would boost the economy of the area one of the biggest sources of income for the churches came in the form of pilgrims the pilgrims came and stayed and bought so the quality of the Relics in a city were often the determining factor in the amount of trade and pilgrim traffic that made them suspect that the Shroud was a medieval forgery and remained unchanged for 500 years in the 19th century. For most Christians, the Shroud of Turin is nothing. more than a comforting curiosity chin Italy 1998 since his visit as a child Julio fany has grown up and become an engineering professor after a 30-year wait Professor fany returns to Turin this time he can witness the Shroud with his own eyes The first time I saw it was in 1998 during the exhibition and this was a particular moment for me because I had already started some studies and wanted to be sure that the Shroud was authentic.

Professor Fany wants to dedicate his life to discovering the

secrets

. of the Shroud so there in front of the Shroud he asks me if he is doing the right thing. I asked the man on the Shroud a clear question and looking at the Shroud for a few minutes I had a pretty clear answer, a very personal answer that I felt in For me, this was very clear. This religious experience inspires Professor Fanty to commit to the Shroud. He focuses his research on the modern history of this religious relic. The teacher begins with the first preview to discover the secrets of the Shroud. 1898 opened the scientific period for the Shroud, unexpectedly the Italian authorities granted a photographer a unique opportunity.

Seia took the first photograph of the Shroud. His first attempt to photograph the Shroud ends in failure. His negatives are underexposed, but 3 days later he has one more opportunity to photograph the Shroud. What he captures changes. the way the world sees the Shroud by always looking at the negative, suddenly you could see the image of the Shroud in the way we conventionally see in normal life human beings with white highlights and dark shadows instead of the dark reflections and light shadows upside down and suddenly seeing the Shroud as it would appear in a normal photograph generated tremendous interest after languishing for centuries as a minor curiosity.

The Shroud is now one of the most emblematic relics of Christianity. There are many pieces of linen in the church that represent the image of Christ in some way like that of Veronica. veils, so the Shroud was one among many, but Sopia's photograph catapulted it into a different category after 400 years. The question is raised again giving renewed hope to Christians around the world. Is the Shroud real after all? In Italy, 1978, the church allows the most extensive scientific research. examination of the Shroud to a group of scientists calling themselves sturp sturp was a non-profit organization created to conduct scientific studies on the Shroud of Turan.

It means research project on the Shroud of Turan. Scientists are determined to discover the truth behind the Shroud. In the most scientifically important research, scientists know this is a historic event and have been waiting months for this moment to arrive. The Shroud was brought to us covered in red silk to the evidence room that is the Royal Palace. It was then transferred to the test platform and then we had to prepare it for scientific testing. Scientists only have 5 days to carry out their experiments. They work day and night to discover everything they can about the Shroud.

Some sleep while others carry out even more experiments. What we did was things like scientific photography, we took black and white photographs, we did microscopic photography, we measured X-ray fluorescence on the Shroud so that the various atoms would shine with their characteristic set of X-ray emissions with a lot of spectral structure for them, with time running out, the equipment shifts gears from high to low Technology experiments we take samples of adhesive tape from the Shroud where adhesive tape is taken non-polluting tape pressure sensitive roller to control the pressure that adheres to the sample of tape would be particles of the Shroud after 120 hours of continuous examinations, time is running out and the Shroud returns to the chapel for another decade Colorado USA 198 1 it has been 3 years since sturp carried out his tests John Jackson and his team finally They can release their findings.

We gave ourselves 3 years and took a condition of secrecy because we didn't want things to come out halfway, so 3 years later, in 1981, we published all the information that we were not looking for because of the sensationalism we thought it would be. The responsible way to do it Professor Fany is amazed by the findings and tested whether a forger first painted the ghostly image of a man and then added red spots to simulate wounds on the body, but discovered that the red spots were definitely not paint, they were human. blood the blood stains werereddish incrustations on the top of the cloth, but a forger splashed blood onto the cloth to create the wounds.

Fany sees no evidence of that; on the contrary, the distribution of blood matches exactly the pattern of wounds Christ would have suffered. during his crucifixion a spear wound on one side of the chest and throughout the body hundreds of cuts or marks of Roman flagellum throughout the entire image but in particular in this part of the dorsal image we see the blood stains that come from scge 300 scores marks along B's wall there was no evidence that an artist had faked the wound marks, but could a clever painter have faked the image of the body? If it had been done by a forger, the paint should have soaked into the fibers of the Shroud, but when a narcotic test was performed. examined the cloth the image of the body was only on the surface there were no obvious pigments that made up the image of the body the image of the body on the Shroud is found only on the surface of the cloth the color of the image the image of the body does not penetrate the thickness of the cloth Professor Fany wants to see if he can confirm St.'s observation himself.

He examines the image of the Shroud with a microscope down to the individual fibers to try to understand the peculiarities of the image of the Shroud. Magnify it about 300 times. We get this model. This model. represents a thread of the Shroud each thread is made with flexible fibers in this model we see around 100 Flex fibers some of them are colored image red fiber and this one is not colored if it had been painted the entire thread would have been soaked instead, just the upper fibers are dyed. This is a very difficult task for a hypothetical painter because we must think of a brush that has a point smaller than the grain.

A fiber measures approximately 15 micrometers. The professor believes that the image resting on the microscopic fiber means a painter could not have created the Shroud with this brush, he has to paint the front of the fiber, the back of the fiber without touching the Aden fiber, he would have to paint millions of Fes one by one to obtain these results that are impossible for Fany Sturp has shown that the Shroud in all probability is not a fake, but is it actually the funerary canvas of Christ? The Vatican Rome 1988 It's been 10 years since St.'s famous experiments and people are now asking for a carbon dating test they want to try. once and for all that the Shroud is from the time of Christ, but the Catholic Church refuses to accept since the proof requires that the Shroud be cut and the samples burned after long and delicate negotiations, the Vatican finally gives Ok, essentially it's a dating method for living materials, so what you have to do is take out the carbon that you're sure was in the object when it was first formed.

In the case of textiles, it would be the cotton fibers or linen from which the material was made. and what you're actually dating is the growth of those fibers on April 21, 1988, under the supervision of the Vatican, the Shroud is cut and samples are sent to three laboratories around the world in Tucson Oxford and cured normally if you have an object. If you wanted to find the age, you would send it to a single lab, but for something as controversial as this, I think the feeling was that you should have more than one lab doing the measurement independently to verify that the results were similar. kept secret until October 13, it is then with great fanfare that the results are announced to the world.

The Shroud is a forgery, what it tells us quite unequivocally is that the measured sample was medieval and within the Precision of the century, I say that all three laboratories reached the same conclusion with an accuracy of 95%. The Shroud originates in the 13th or 14th century. He is devastated to read the headlines in the press. I remember reading many newspapers with their readers on the front page declaring that the Shroud is fake. The results are also a blow to Christians around the world immediately after the carbon dating results came out. There was a sense in which we didn't bother exploring this fabric much further because, although it is very interesting, it is medieval and does not directly relate to Jesus and anyone who dares to question the results of carbon dating faces ridicule already. that carbon dating has this meaning. in which people believe in the Shroud of flat earthers, so if you have a professional reputation as a teacher and you continue to explore and examine the Shroud, obviously it may be difficult for you, but it is not difficult for Professor Fany from the beginning .

Seeing this religious object, he is willing to do everything possible to discover the true age of the Shroud padwa Italy 1988 it has been 10 years since the carbon dating test classified the Shroud as fake, but Fanty knows that the image on the cloth it could not have been forged by a painter this is a great contradiction and something tells fany that it is not the end of the story when I read this title I had quite a few doubts something in my head told me that the Shroud was not A Fake Fany is prepared to conduct his own research, but he knows very well that he cannot allow his beliefs to cloud his scientific work.

We have to proceed in a clear way, separating the scientific aspects from the religious aspects as much as possible and that is how I followed it from the beginning. Fany suspects that at some point there has been an error in the carbon dating. He wonders if something in the history of the Shroud could have distorted the result. 15 32 The Shroud is stored in a chapel in the Alps and one night the chapel catches fire in 1532, the only damage to the Shroud that ever occurred that we know of took place there was a raging fire in the chapel at the time that the Shroud was kept in a silver room in a locked box.

Strenuous attempts were made to rescue the Shroud from the fire when they arrived. He had managed to break the box, the heat inside was so intense that some of the silver had melted and burned the Shroud, so you can still see those burnt holes. The Shroud survives the fire. Measures were quickly taken to repair it, not with ancient thread from the time of Jesus but with medieval thread immediately after the fire the Shroud was handed over to an order of nuns the nuns repaired the Shroud they mended the areas that are on the Shroud along to the image itself they had to reweave some of the fibers from the Shroud to repair the damage Fany wonders if the samples in the carbon dating test contained thread from the Middle Ages and contaminated the result Oxford England the home of the accelerator unit of radiocarbon one of the laboratories that analyzed a sample of the Shroud in 1988.

Could the medieval carbon date be wrong? Although the tests destroyed the sample, the Oxford laboratory still has photos of them. Pam Moon, who like Fany, has doubts about the carbon dating result, asks the Oxford lab to release the photos and wants to inspect them from the front and back. image of the Shroud sample, the O images have been really helpful in the sense that they are actually quite detailed, there are a lot of things that can be seen in them, the lab posts every image they have of that sample while carefully inspecting The photos Pam Moon detects some unusual signs at first glance it appears to be in very good condition but there appears to be a shadow but a photograph of the back of this material reveals that it was not a shadow what it shows is that it appears to be a bit of Shadow is in actually a deep stain and the stain on the entire sample shows signs of hand knitting, invisible repair, shows different tension in different parts, heat damage, so it is shrunken, so it is obviously a piece of fabric hugely contaminated.

Fany is convinced that discoveries like Pams's challenge the accuracy of the carbon dating result. She would love to take the carbon dating test again, but she can't. The original samples have disappeared, and for decades the Vatican has refused to release any more fragments of the carbon dating shroud officially there. Experiments on the Shroud are not open. Everything was closed until now. Professor Fany faces a dead end without any material to test. He cannot perform the experiments on him. Can he find another way to discover the true age of the Shroud? It goes back in history. discovers an illustration of a shroud of Christ before the 14th century a hungarian text the prey codex has an image of Jesus lying on a shroud with its characteristic herringbone weave and on the Shroud within the prey codex there are four circular marks that They are identical.

According to markings found on the Shroud, the above codex is reliably dated to the 12th century, at least 100 years before the carbon date. This means that the Churin Shroud could have existed long before carbon dating says it did. It means the carbon date could be wrong. As she delves deeper into the archives, she discovers many other images similar to the Shroud throughout history. We know that there were images that resembled the Shroud dating back to the 6th century and find similarities on coins also made at that time. This coin represents heads. of Christ which has many similarities to the Shroud for fany all of these images are evidence that the Shroud existed before the Middle Ages and convince you that the Shroud dates back to the burial of Christ, but how can you prove it scientifically? padwa Italy home of At one of Italy's most prestigious universities, Fanty decides that to establish the correct date of the Shroud he cannot work alone;

There are many scientists around the world working on the Shroud, so she decides to form a group to bring together like-minded people. 2002 I formed a group called The shoud Science sh science like many shrouds in the world once in the group. Professor Fany discovers that there is only one way to obtain shroud material and that is to contact the scientists from the 1978 research on the Tyin shroud. project the Vatican recognizes only samples from 1978 taken by Star as head of the scientific group of the Shroud. The professor approaches each sturb scientist in search of samples, waits for a response and one day an envelope arrives, the first sample was from R Rogers, who was not adept at sending samples immediately, Fany can see that there is a problem.

She put a glass containing image fiber in a simple envelope. Perhaps there was an accident during transportation and the glass even breaks with the envelope opened. If the fiber runs out, the teacher's opportunity to complete any task. experiments will be lost he sifts through the glass looking for stray fibers using my microscope. He could detect the fiber between the pieces of broken glass. I was very lucky to grab the envelope and find the image of the fiber. He was an intern with this official. piece of the Shroud Professor's experiments to date the Shroud can begin within the halls of Padwa University and Professor Fany's laboratory is located and here Fanty finds himself in a unique situation: he possesses a piece of one of the most worrying relics of Christianity: the Shroud has fascinated everyone. of his life and now he is able to do what others could only dream of - run his own series of tests with fany devices - three experiments quite different from the carbon dating test.

I detected that there are some alternative methods capable of obtaining data from the Shroud. believe that the average of these tests will produce an accurate date I would say that it is essential to get as much diversity as possible in your observations to scientifically test a given hypothesis the first experiment is a load test each material has a certain resistance this resistance degrades over time Over time the strength of the fiber of the Sheet itself will show how old the material is, but such an experiment requires a very specialized machine. We began looking for a machine capable of performing the tests.

In general, there are many load cycle machines in the world, but this machine tests on threads not on short fibers like those of the Shroud which are 2 mm long. I searched the world but it was not easy to satisfy this condition. Eventually Fany builds his own machine, so we design, build and calibrate a new machine. that is capable of doing this test the fany machine tests the microscopic fibers of the cover the results of fany are remarkable the fiber is 900 years older than the carbon date in correspondence with the mechanical dating we have 400 years with a level of confidence Of 95% this was enough to prove that the radiocarbon dating was incorrect, it is a surprising reversal of Fortunes for the Shroud, but 400 AD is still hundreds of years after the burial of Christ.

Fany can trace the Shroud even further back. Fanty carries out his next two experiments. He uses an infrared spectrometer and aLaser These tests calculate how well the material reflects light the older the material, the less it reflects it. Fanty runs the test surprisingly the fiber reflects very little lived fibers date back to between 200 and 300 BC. C. 1,500 years longer than the carbon dating test that b Step by step we arrived at this result that we get every time we reached the good result, we were obviously happy. Professor Fany now has a range of new dates radically different to the Shroud's carbon date.

All he needs to do is average the three findings of his. Fany's final date is. 33 a. C., a result that places the Shroud just before the time of Jesus, the world finally becomes aware of Fany's work and it was also recognized by others who have researched the Shroud. I am aware that he gave a date that would be consistent with his existence. the cloth of Christ, any research that points in that direction is just brilliant in my view, but for many it is not the end of their journey, it may have proven that the Shroud originated around the time of Christ's burial, but It is the greatest secret of the Holy Shroud.

How the extraordinary image of the Shroud was created is still unanswered when pilgrims arrive at T and are mesmerized by the ghostly figure of the Shroud, but the image on the cloth still baffles Believers and Skeptics. The Shroud looks a bit like Loch Ness. monster because it has passionate and skeptical supporters on both sides, those who say it is fake have to explain how a medieval person could have created an image that modern science cannot replicate and is determined to solve the mystery once and for all. Skeptics have suggested several techniques a forger could have used to make the image - painting, photography or even a chemical process - but none explain why the image only rests on the surface fibers of the fabric.

There are many hypotheses about the formation of body image, but none of them is capable of explaining everything. We see Fany wonders what other natural process could have left such a superficial impression as Professor of Thermal Imaging Fany is familiar with the effects of electricity He is intrigued by the electric discharge or corona created by a plasma ball on a small cloth that can create an image simply with an electrical charge over a 24 hour period, now if I touch the sphere we see a connection with my finger and a discharge to reproduce an image like that of the Shroud, we can use a Lin and a cloth placed on the sphere and if I touch the canvas with my hand you can see the image on the sheet if I stay in this position for a while an image is generated in the fire that has many characteristics very similar to that of the Shroud but fanty wants to see if the experiment works using a figure of christ and a large cloth that means increasing the charge to hundreds of thousands of volts is a quite complex process and we need high voltages that generate the high electric fields that ionize the gas for days fany works with deadly amounts of electricity but the experiment ends in Failure the first time I went to do an experiment I was curious but my curiosity soon stopped because the result was negative the charge has not left any mark on the fabric try it again this time fanty spins up the power to almost 100% And it bombards the fabric with electricity for more than 24 hours the settings work when it returns an image has been formed it is necessary to calibrate the energy very well only the range 97 98 it is possible to obtain an image When Fanty examines the image, he is surprised .

It is the closest image he has seen to that of the Shroud. The corona discharge gives us the greatest amount of compatibility between the experimental results and what we see on the Shroud. It's been 15 years since Fany stood up. before the Shroud asking for divine guidance and it has been even longer since a childhood trip sparked an obsession with the Shroud, the results of his remarkable experiments are a vindication of his life-changing decisions for many, the Shroud Saint of Turin is not a medieval forgery, it could very well be Christ's funerary cloth, but as he admires the Relic he cannot help but wonder if it is Christ's shroud that in the first century AD. could have produced such a massive electrical explosion while Fany reviews the evidence of him, the only hypothesis he can.

I think it is also the most controversial: the explosion was created by a Divine miracle. I think the most important message of the Shroud is that it involved the resurrection of man. Fany believes that if the Shroud of Shirin is the burial cloth of Christ, then it also represents his resurrection if the Turan shroud is the burial cloth of Jesus, then it would also be his resurrection cloth. What the Shroud is is what tells us that the Shroud as a representation of the Resurrection is a confirmation of his faith. the demonstration that a Second Life exists this life Jacob's stone on the one hand is a rather unbeautiful piece of sandstone but on the other hand it is imbued with an enormous sacred and iconic meaning it is the pillow on which the Bible says Jacob the patriarch of the Israelites laid down his head and had a vision of heaven.

Jacob sees a ladder extending from the earthly kingdom to the heavenly kingdom and there are gods going up and down it, showing that this place where he sleeps is a cosmic entry point from the earthly kingdom upward. to the heavenly realm where the gods dwell, Jacob's Stone is a wonderful Bible story and most would assume that the rock lies forgotten where Jacob left it, but one man believes he has proven that Jacob's Stone is still with us today. I came across what I believe is convincing proof that this Stone comes from the Middle East. This is an incredible story that takes us back in time, from the sacking of the temple in Jerusalem, through the first migrations to Ireland, until the stone became the seat on which he sat.

The kings of England and Scotland were crowned with this stone. People don't realize how important it is. Adrien Gilbert is convinced that Jacob's stone made it from the Holy Land to Britain, but can he really prove this extraordinary story? London, England, home of one. of the country's leading historical detectives Adrien Gilbert is a highly successful writer and broadcaster. His life's work is to explore forgotten stories and myths. He first heard about Jacob's Stone while working as a student almost 40 years ago, in 1972, 21 years old. Gilbert travels to Tel Aviv in Israel to work in a youth hostel here he had an encounter that changed his life there was a gentleman who came to stay there I think he was Canadian he seemed a little homeless and was always reading his Bible curious Gilbert asked him what But he thought about Israel now that it was reunited but it is not reunited?

The man answered so far only the Jews from the two southern tribes of Judah have returned. The 10 northern tribes are still in exile. He had never heard of it before. I have read my Bible, but I was not Tau all the way. Only when all the tribes are gathered, the Canadian continues, will Jesus return to sit on his throne in Jerusalem and again I had never heard of this and then he told me about the stone. The Canadian tells Gilbert that the throne is actually a stone, it is known as Jacob's stone and dates back to one of the pivotal moments in Israelite history in the Bible.

Abraham's son, Isaac, has two sons, Esau and Jacob, after having cheated his brother out of money. Jacob runs out and decides to stop for the night, takes a stone as a pillow and lies down to sleep in that place. Jacob dreams of angels and a Stairway to Heaven, he wakes up from his dream and realizes that this must be a Divine space, a place. sacred and refers to it as the Gate of Heaven and places the stone that he had slept on, so basically it is a sacred stone. Jacob calls the place Bethhl, which means house of God, and promises that from this moment on the stone will become the dwelling place of God.

Jacob's stone is one of the great stories of the Old Testament. Gilbert is fascinated by what he hears. but the Canadian has a big surprise up his sleeve the stone says that the Canadian did not stay in Israel he went on an incredible journey through the Middle East, Africa and Europe, today it can be found in the heart of the British capital , in London, the great gothic jewel of Westminster Abby, under the coronation chair, Gilbert is stunned, how could this be? How could something like this? have appeared in England, how could this be true? London 1973 Gilbert returns to earth working for a publishing house but he can't get Canadian history out of his head and wants to know if Jacob's sacred pillow really ended up under the coronation. chair in London in his free time Gilbert goes to Westminster Abbey to check that he has nothing to lose and there he sees it.

I was enthralled with this whole thing. I realized that we had this wealth of history, culture and antiquity here. things and I found it very exciting to look closely at the coronation chair. Gilbert makes a remarkable discovery: there was a plaque on the back of the chair that said bethl and bethl is what Jacob called the place where he had slept that night and it means the house of God and L is saying that this stone contains God, it has been blessed, so you can understand that if that is true, it would be a very significant cultural object.

An idea begins to form in Gilbert's mind, perhaps the mysterious Canadian he met in Tel Aviv. He wasn't joking, maybe Jacob's pillow and the crowning stone are the same to Gilbert. It's an exciting prospect, but can he prove it? Gilbert decides to see how far back in time he can trace Jacob's stone. He begins with a trip to Scotland. This is where the stone was kept before Edward I of England confiscated it in 1296. Gilbert focuses his research on Scon Palace, near Perth. This was one of the most important abies in Scotland until it was destroyed in 1559.

Today a replica stands where the real coronation once took place. The stone known to the Scots as the Stone of Destiny was used as a throne by the kings of Scotland. The first mention of the stone in Scotland comes from John of Foran's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation. Foran was a priest near Abedine and wrote The Chronicle in the mid-14th century. The Foran Chronicle details the enthronement and inauguration of Alexander III in 1249 at Scoon, what better material to do it with than this sacred piece of stone. Foran describes the ancient traditional ceremony that begins inside and at the main altar. of the great Abby Church in Sco Gilbert has set the history of the stone back eight centuries, which is still a long period since the time of Jacob, but Gilbert discovers that Foran traces the history of the stone even further back and reads that it was brought to Scotland in 500 AD. by a king called Fergus, he had borrowed it for his coronation of the king of Ireland.

Gilbert reads that the stones spent almost a thousand years in the ancient Irish capital of Tara, just as the Scottish Irish kings used it as a coronation stone and believed it made them invincible in London, Gilbert reviews the evidence for him. He has now tracked the stone from Westminster Abbey to Ireland, but to prove that it is Jacob's stone, Gilbert has to prove that the stone in Ireland could have traveled 3,000 miles in total. The path from the Holy Land consults the oldest source available in the Bible. There is a possible clue in a traumatic event in the Old Testament in 586 BC.

C. the Jews, God's chosen people, suffered a horrendous cataclysm. The powerful Babylonian Empire invaded the Holy Land. Jerusalem was sacked. This is recorded in the book of Lamentations, which is a truly terrible book. It is terribly sad. It is tragic. It is described in horrific detail. some of the terrible things people had to do in the city during the siege, lots of pictures of dead bodies, uh, lots of pictures. of the kind of famine, um, the anguish, the hopelessness of the community left behind, Gilbert notes that in the chaos some of the greatest treasures disappear from the city, perhaps Jacob's stone is among the treasures, but if it is Thus, whoever takes Gilbert learns a main suspect in the Bible his name Jeremiah, a famous prophet, priest and nobleman of his time.

Jeremiah was probably a fairly well-born man, certainly accustomed to rubbing shoulders with high society and with the leadership of the country as a prophet who did not hold back speaking in his mind told the king that the game was over that the Babylonians would conquer the city Gilbert reads in the book of Jeremiah that following the destruction of the city Jeremiah flees the Bible tells us how Jeremiah went to Egypt bringing with him the princess of the Royal Family. Gilbert believes it is likely that Jeremiah could have rescued iconic treasures such as Jacob's stone. His destination is the city of Tanes, a Greek enclave on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt.

Gilbert believes that Jeremiah could have placed the stone and other religious objects in a new place of worship we certainly know from later records that the people living in tan established an alternative temple, this would explain why Jacob's stone reached Egypt, but GilbertYou have a problem and can't find any biblical references. to Jeremiah from this point on, so how could the stone have traveled from Egypt to Ireland? Gilbert dives into the Foran Chronicle to find his first reference to the stone and reads that a Greek nobleman and mercenary named Militus lived in Egypt and whom he would likely have passed regularly. through tanes, as it was a base for Greek mercenaries in the region and now also the home of Jeremiah Gilbert reasons that a noble like Jeremiah could well have befriended myus if Jeremiah had ended up in Egypt, it is more than likely that he would have encountered several other displaced people.

Foreign mercenary communities of any kind were very common in these great world powers, but then, at the end of the 6th century BC. C., Egypt was torn apart, there was a revolution in Egypt when one pharaoh was deposed and another took his place and the new one did not. He likes all these mercenaries and kicked them out. The Foran Chronicles say that Militus fled with his followers. Foron mentions a revealing detail. Militus carried with him a stone called the Pharaoh's Stone. This is the clue Gilbert is looking for. He wonders if Jeremiah and Milas left Egypt together.

Taking the Stone with them I don't think it is unlikely or impossible that the Israelites took the stone with them when they left Egypt. Gilbert is convinced that the Pharaoh's Stone must be Jacob's stone, but how did he get to Ireland according to Foran? Chronic Militus flees westward through North Africa, then sails north and settles in Spain. He founds the city of Latia, today it is Lacaria, but soon his town is under attack by hostile Spanish tribes, so they begin to look for a new place to settle in this time of crisis. Their leader Militus suddenly dies, the future of his people and the stone itself are thrown away.

This leaves Gilbert with a problem: he has traced the journey of the stone he believes to be Jacob's stone from the holy land to the north. from Spain, but still needs to establish exactly how the stone may have arrived in Ireland. Perhaps the answer lies in the remote Clone Monastery in County Ireland. It was an important center of learning where a famous story was written, the annals of Clone Mcno. The annals and other sources tell the story of a mysterious figure called Olum Foder who came to Ireland from abroad with an oriental princess. Gilbert discovers that Olum Foder and his group are said to carry ancient relics with them, there is a harp, there is a chest and something else. a stone Gilbert is stunned, could the princess be the same princess who left Jerusalem?

Could olum be Jeremiah and could the stone be Jacob's stone? Gilbert believes that he has found a credible route to the Jacob Stone from the Holy Land. Jeremiah took it to Egypt he joined myus the Chronicles tell us that militus came from Egypt he traveled with his people through North Africa to Spain and then to Ireland he brought the stone with them but then Gilbert has a problem The scholars say no There is not even the slightest evidence that myus ever came to Ireland. a soldier of Spain which translates into Irish as mpan which means exactly the same, a soldier of Spain M is taken as a personal name and its expanded form in Irish is MTH when later Chronicle writers went to write things in Latin , they simply converted the Irish form in Gaelic um into a form that was compatible with the type of sound form of the Latin language, so myus is simply a Latinized version of the name Mev, so if elus is not a Greek mercenary but simply a soldier from Spain, then this whole stone theory falls to pieces.

The quest is in tatters If you want to prove that the coronation stone is Jacob's stone, you need to discover who else could have taken it from the Holy Land. Gilbert returns to the Bible for clues about the stone before the Babylonian assault on Jerusalem in In the 6th century BC. C. there was another invasion, 150 years before, Israel rebelled against their Assyrian overlords, so the Assyrians entered and around 721 BC. C. completely destroyed many of the main cities and communities of the Northern Kingdom. Israel, one of the Assyrian targets, was Bethl, the place where Jacob laid his head on a stone pillow and dreamed of heaven.

The battle was near an area occupied by the Israelite tribe of Dan that had access to the sea. Gilbert wonders if the people of Dan saved the Stones from Jacob, what would you do if a large army of Syrians came and you knew they were going to come and take you into slavery? I think if you lived on the coast and you had boats you would get in your boats and go if the tribe of Dan left the holy land with Jacob's stone there is a reason they could have taken it to Ireland the tribe of Dan were like the Phoenicians were traders who maybe took oil from the Middle East and sold it to the people in the north and bought them the metals they needed, they bought gold, they bought silver and a country rich in both gold and silver was Ireland, so it's not so It is far-fetched to think that the tribe of Dan or at least some of them boarded their ships and sailed to Ireland bringing the stone with them.

It's a clear theory, but is there any evidence that sailors from the tribe of Dan actually arrived in Ireland? Gilbert revisits the Irish Chronicles for clues, the Book of Invasions and the Annals of Clone make no mention of a mysterious people. called the day tuatha Dunham Gilbert is surprised by the names that sound similar to those of Arthur Day dunnam tribe of Dan could they be one and the same for Gilbert? The acid test is the arrival dates of tuatha dunan day. Do they arrive in Ireland in the same time frame that the tribe of Dan left the Holy Land, the tribe of Dan would have set sail during the Assyrian occupation between 720 and 680 BC.

C. The Chronicles say that Arthur Day Dunnan arrived in Ireland between 700 and 685 BC. C. for Gilbert the dates are too much of a coincidence, he has real reason to believe that for Arthur Day Dunnan it must be the tribe of Dan. but some historians argue that the to arur De dunnan were not real, they were pagan spirits, it does not make sense that the to Dun are historical um because they are perfectly clear, at least in their core, in embryo, um a set of pre-Christian deities is something that they learned Medieval scholars familiar with the Exodus stories familiar with the migration stories they found in the Bible and other medieval authorities have simply made it up, but Gilbert disagrees.

Of course, there is a theory that the tatha daanan are some kind of Celtic gods of the underworld. but that is not what it tells us in the royal annals they tell us that they were people who emigrated there and who then were defeated and then became spirits. Gilbert is confident that the Jacob Stone could at least in theory have traveled to Ireland and from there to Scotland and then to Westminster Abbey, but he wanted to find something more tangible, something else that he could point to, this proves that this Stone comes from the Middle East, it has been 4 years since Gilbert undertook his extraordinary quest to prove that the capstone at Westminster Abbey is Jacob's biblical pillow.

One day Gilbert is walking through London when he stumbles upon a bookstore run by an organization called British-Israeli World Federation, so I thought I'd go in and investigate what this was all about. and I discovered that these people were talking about the same things that a Canadian gentleman had been mentioning to me. In Tel Aviv, the British World Israel Federation had a strange but intriguing story to tell. The Jews were once God's chosen people, but that honor had passed. for the British it is a teaching that we are the continuation of ancient Israel through the birthright and through the promise to the throne to establish the kingdom of God on Earth as a servant people as a witness people to lead the nations in peace .

This belief has been ingrained in British society since the 7th century AD. when the English monk, the venerable cordon, first declared his people to be the spiritual successors of the Jews, even now British coronations are based on the rituals of ancient Jewish kings and, of course, British monarchs are crowned in Jacob's Stone is a compelling series of parallels, but Gilbert needs hard evidence. He delves into the archives of the British World Israel Federation to see if they have ever found any scientific proof that the coronation stone is from Israel. Surprisingly, it seems so in 1924. Gilbert finds that the Federation commissioned geological tests on the stone geologist Professor Edward Odlin from Vancouver comes to Westminster Abbey in London makes microscopic observations of the stone under the coronation chair His plan is to compare the geology of the capstone with stones from the Holy Land odland travels to Palestine his destination bethl the place where Jacob lay on his stone pillow Professor Edward Odam went to Palestine and spent some time there examining stones Gilbert reads that Odam searches for a stone that matches what he has seen in the Abbey he is looking for.

Unlucky for weeks, he is about to leave when he decides to take one last look while walking through a narrow ravine. Odam suddenly notices a rock that looks familiar. He believes it to be identical to the stone he saw in Westminster Abbey in London. Odam immediately. He submits a request to the Archbishop of Canterbury to officially test and compare the stone at Bethl with the Coronation Stone in BBY, but the Archbishop flatly rejects it. Odam has reached a dead end. This is Adrien Gilbert's problem more than 50 years later. He intrigued me. the stone, but at the same time I reached a dead end with my research at that time and put it on a shelf for quite a long time for 20 long years.

Gilbert loses hope of finding a way to unlock the mystery of The Stone; he did not know that a British Prime Minister would come to his rescue on November 30, 1996. John Major's Conservative government allows the Coronation Stone to return to Scotland. The major believes that if he allows the stone to return, he will prevent the IND's calls for independence. of the Scottish nationalist party the stone returns to Great Fanfare and is placed in Edinburgh Castle Gilbert is excited to learn that historic Scotland is interested in the Providence of the stone and wants to examine it to discover once and for all where it comes from What What Historic Scotland wanted to do was study, analyze and document the stone, the physicality of the stone to get some objective data after 20 years.

This is the moment Gilbert has been waiting for. I'm a bit of a detective. I like to investigate. find out what the truth is about things as best I can, surely the stone will now be proven to come from the Holy Land. The first expert to examine the stone is Peter Hill, a professional stonemason. Yes, there was a slight sense of cloak and dagger. to look at the stone because um the security involved D we had to go through locked doors uh the police came at intervals to check that everything was okay Peter Hill examines the masonry for clues to its age, the extreme erosion at the edges of the The sinking of the Rings suggests that they were inserted a long time ago, which is encouraging news for Gilbert, but then the investigation hits a problem.

Gilbert hopes that the distinctive cup marks on the front of the stone may offer a clue to its origins. In the way Gilbert expects Hill, cup marks are a common feature of ancient Pictish or Scottish stones. There are two or three depressions in the lower part of the front of the stone which resemble Bronze Age cup marks found on Bronze Age sites. and reused in Pictish inscriptions is another blow to Gilbert's theory: it means that the stone is much more likely to have come from a quarry in Scotland and not from the Holy Land Gilbert has shown that the Jacob stone could, in theory, have arrived to Ireland, but no evidence has yet been found that the coronation stone is the same.

The Gilbert stone pins its final hopes on another study commissioned by Historic Scotland, the British Geological Survey, who are world experts in tracing the origins of stones. Senior geologist Emis Phillips is about to study the composition of the stone. Crowning stone the objective of the research the initial question was can we identify the source of the stone from what geological formation did it come from? Phillips takes small samples of the crowning stone now at Edinburgh Castle. The most important tool of a geologist is his eyes. He sets up a microscope and identifies the mineral grains that make up the sandstone.

If he wants it, it's a microscale fingerprint. Each sandstone has a record of the geology of the area from which it was derived; it is a painstaking and laborious process. The first clues we came to were the mineral. The grains themselves, all the little grains of sand, the quartz, the felspar, the little pieces of rock basically told us that theSandstone was deposited by a river system that actually flowed through an area that had volcanic rocks. The early signs are not encouraging, it has been suggested. that the stone may have come from the Middle East, but the nature of the stone, comparing it to the geology of the Middle East, is quite different.

Another problem is that the rocks containing the mineral Feld Spar are very brittle and will break if it travels too far. If this is Jacob's stone then it is truly a miracle that it has traveled over 3000 miles and lasted 3000 years armed with that knowledge. Phillips decides to look for the origins of the stone closer to home, the Scottish castle of Dunstaffnage in Oben, in the west of Scotland, the castle was once the stronghold of the Clan Mcdouall in the early 12th century. Phillips believes the castle stone could match the coronation stone. The stone looked very similar to some of the stones that form the window frames and doors at Dunstaffnage Castle.

Back in the lab Philip sets out to compare the two. As soon as we started looking at the sandstones of that area, it became clear. that a stone has a very different composition because the sandstones of Dunstaffnage Castle are very rich in volcanic rocks. I have small bits of Bassel and less quartz and vile Spar, so it's a chalk and cheese exercise. The crowning stone is not like the castle stone. Everything is to play. Phillips continues his search for possible locations in Scotland. Gilbert has no choice but to wait. The next step after Rul had finished, the staff was to observe the sandstones in various areas.

We checked different areas where these ancient sandstones are exposed in Scotland, compared the two and narrowed them down using the thin sections of Our collection and sample sent to the Perth area by Earth is close to Scoon Palace, which could be significant. It is where the English confiscated the stone in 1296. Phillips searches for a possible source near the palace. In fact, we searched through old maps and records. to see if there were quarries of a suitable age and we took thin sections of our collections from each of those quarries and then compared the stone to the sandstones in the quarries.

Phillips is stunned by the results and discovers that the sandstone near Scoon Abbey is also unstable fine-grained just like the coronation stone, the implications are stuck, it's the detective story. He put together all the information, all the clues, and that ultimately led us to suggest that the likely source of the stone was Quarry Mill, which is very close by. Scoon Palace is an incredible moment for the people of Scotland, who now feel justified in calling the stone their own, but Gilbert and all those who believe the correlation stone is Jacob's stone are not convinced by the study's conclusions.

This is the very often flickering view of people who have a knowledge of history. Past commissions bring her back to Palestine. Adrien Gilbert still believes there is a way the stone may have originated in the Middle East. I don't think proving that the stone is from a local Scottish maker discredits the legend, it might prove that stone is a copy. I mean, there are other copies around. The sandstone wears away. Monuments and buildings made from it often have to be renovated or repaired. The Jacob stone could have been replaced over the centuries with other stones as the original stone became damaged.

Some might say the replacement theory is a last-ditch roll of the dice, but Gilbert finds that experts agree that the stone has been damaged. There is a considerable amount of damage around the corners and on the underside of the stone, some of which is certainly the result of rough handling at some point in its life. Gilbert reasons that if the coronation stone broke, so could Jacob's stone on his journey from the Holy Land. I think that if the stone is not the original, it is modeled on one that is the original. Many people still believe that Jacob's stone is from the Holy Land.

I certainly believe it was Jacob's pillar. Adrien Gilbert will probably never find definitive proof of where he is. origins, but there can be no doubt that the stone has always retained a deep symbolic meaning, regardless of the arguments about its origins, ultimately the stone is a tremendous cultural icon, it is probably the greatest symbol of national identity that we have in Scotland this The Throne Stone of Kings has given prestige and legitimacy to its owners and that is what it will continue to do for centuries to come. In my opinion, it doesn't matter much whether we are looking at the actual stone, whether Jacob put his head on it. in it and I dreamed of angels going up and down stairs, what matters is that it is a symbol of those events and it is still the symbol today for