The Daily Hacks To Live Longer & Reverse Your Age | Dr. Peter Attia

texting yeah but location wise the right location so location wise

your

big three are intersections so the four way intersection is the T intersection or the t intersection , so this can be an intersection that's a t or like a parking lot like you know you're coming out, you know one like you're coming out of a parking lot onto a street under Road, yeah, yeah, and then, head into traffic without a median, so there are Many of you know we have a lot of those rounds in Texas, so high speed, two lanes, four lanes, exactly two lanes, four lanes, no feet apart, that's right, and the parked cars They're going 60 miles an hour, trusting, oh, it's good on this little line. a little yellow line is going to stop us and all it takes is for one person to be distracted for a second and boom, it's a head-on collision which now functionally means you hit a wall at 120 miles per hour because if it's 60 and 60 the relative impact That's it.

It is deadly and those are accidents with so many fatalities that it is difficult to put them into words and every month I feel like I see a serious accident and approximately every three months I see a fatal accident on the street closest to my house, that is. That's brutal, wow, so being aware of that, what can you do about it, knowing how you would change

your

behavior. Well, a couple of things right, one, let's talk about the two-way street, the street that I. I'm talking in Austin it's two and two, so two and two is a six mile stretch two by two at 60 miles, speed limit 50 to 60 miles per hour, so rule number one, unless you're passing someone, I'm never in the left lane because that's the lane that's going to have problems.

I'm going to be in the right lane and you know what happens if I have to be a little slower. I don't care, I don't want to be in the left lane because I want my safety margin with an extra second lane, unfortunately for this particular street, it is a straight run from east to west, which means that in the morning half of those people are blind as a bat when the sun is low and in the afternoon. The other half of us are blind as a bat when the sun is low for those 30 to 60 minutes or whatever, where it's right there, yeah, brutal blindness, you couldn't have built a worse road, oh my god, so in what am I thinking when?

I go out at those hours and what I hate is if I can see very well by definition the sun is behind me, the other people can't see, it's worth it, so I'm even more careful knowing that that guy can't see when he gets to intersections, most intersection deaths are caused by an individual passing on red and striking a person who was in the right of way, making it an especially tragic event because the person who suffers the most fatal injury is at a green light, a person who has a green light goes straight and is hit from the left T-Bone on the driver's side next to this person I ran a red light today when I was driving here I was in I was in Santa Monica Boulevard I don't remember I was the first to stop on a red it was a red as red as possible 20 seconds later a Prius went straight by and didn't even stop 20 seconds 20 seconds after there was this attention on the road we are not paying attention nor a little bit, they didn't, it wasn't like a yellow and then red, no, no, no, no. not two seconds later it was the only piece, so much time passed that I assumed the light had turned green on the right and I almost said wow and then I looked and it was like still red and it was red for another minute, I mean this person absolutely.

I didn't notice a red light, nothing could hit, fortunately it didn't hit anyone, right? I mean I couldn't believe this guy, he clearly didn't even know him because they didn't even slow down, you would have thought he would have. I recognized it and got scared or something that just didn't happen, so this happens all the time, so what do you do? What it means is that every time you pass an intersection you assume there's someone getting ready to run. and you scan three times, so I always scan from left to right left before going through an intersection with the right, um, again, that guarantees that I'm not going to die in a car accident, not at all, yeah, I hope that's it.

Paying attention to these things maybe reduces my risk by 50. Wow, there's nothing you know, there's nothing you can do to completely protect yourself, but I think being aware of those things, having that kind of situational awareness, gives you, I think, a slightly better odds on an otherwise unattractive problem. I think that's smart, yeah, and what would be the last two things of the top five that you would say, well, I think you know if we could pick a disease that is the number one cause of death, um, it's clearly cardiovascular disease, so That globally and in the United States, heart disease kills more people than any other disease, in reality, how many people die each year?

Worldwide, about 19 million people die. per year of a heart attack a heart attack, yes, worldwide, yes, 19 million people a year, a heart attack, yes, cancer number two, about 12 million, so I mean, it is almost double the mortality of the next closest disease. Heart failure heart, heart attack, heart disease, yes. atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is that more on the emotional side of things and stress or is it more that you just don't have good cardio no, I mean I think you know that well so let's get to the other thing that I would point out before Even talking about that is true for men and women too, so I think there's a misconception that heart disease is a male disease, no, it's the leading cause of death in men, it's the leading cause of death in women. it is the leading cause of death in men in the US and the world by all measures it is the number one bestseller what is the leading cause of a heart attack or the leading causes yes so a heart attack is an abbreviation for a process in which there is an occlusion of blood flow to a significant enough part of the heart muscle that a process known as ischemia takes place and that heart muscle dies, that's the attack, yes, the hard muscle dies and there is an attack, that is the heart. attack and that can be, you know, it can occur in a very small blood vessel and can result in a non-fatal heart attack, people can have small heart attacks in which a large enough part of the heart muscle does not die, the People can also get medical attention quickly enough and the blockage in the artery that's causing death can be opened, they can put a stent in there in the ER or you know you get to the ER and they take you to the cath lab. and they put a stent. and they give you an anticoagulant medication and you open it up and if you do it quickly enough you can get the blood back into the area and minimize the damage that occurs, but about 50 percent of people who have a heart attack die the first time and that's their The first sign of heart disease, so they didn't have chest pain before, it's not like they've had chest pain for years with heart disease, it's sudden death, because you hear about this.

I mean, I don't know how common this is. someone who had a heart attack and died on the treadmill who is, yeah, 45 years old, he's healthy, you know, he's handsome, he's not overweight and he just had a heart attack and died, and you hear these stories, so what is it? the cause of it happening? "It's a complex disease, but fortunately of all diseases it's the one we understand best. That's the good news. The bad news is that it's going to take me a minute to explain and I'll do my best not to get terribly technical." They're good, so it starts with cholesterol that everyone's heard of and, uh, cholesterol certainly gets a bad rap.

You know, everyone understands that cholesterol is bad, but it is important to understand the correct context so that cholesterol is a substance that every cell in our body. It is a very important chemical substance It is a lipid It is a type of fat but it is important for several reasons It is the most important component of the cell membrane, so each of our cells is like a sphere and it has this membrane and it allows Al Being a fluid cell, it allows it to change its shape and have little channels along its surface that allow things like glucose and sodium to come in and out and all kinds of things like that, so naturally something so important the body would find a way. to do it and the body does it, it now produces a lot of cholesterol.

Cholesterol because it is a fat does not dissolve in water, so if you have ever made salad dressing and you throw in oil and mix it with vinegar, you know that they completely separate. So there is a little challenge that the body has to solve and that is how to transport this fat throughout the body. You have to put it on the highway. Well, the highway is our circulatory system and although it may not seem like it when you do it. they cut you off if you look at your blood it's just water your blood is just water the reason it's so red is because it has a lot of red things in it like red blood cells and platelets but if you've ever seen what happens to your blood when you put it in a tube and spin it in a centrifuge, it separates immediately so all the red stuff goes to the bottom and then you can see it's basically transparent so it's basically water called plasma so we can't move this cholesterol through the body because it is insoluble in water we need a trick and the trick is that the body made these little spherical submarines that are soluble in water to put the cholesterol inside and those little spherical submarines are called lipoproteins, okay, those lipoproteins have different densities, so that there are high-density lipoproteins. a low density lipoprotein a very low density like a protein and the low density lipoproteins in the very low density lipoproteins LDL and vldl people call them good and bad cholesterol, but that is a bad name, it is the lipoproteins that are The problem, those things get stuck in the arteries. walls and particularly in the coronary artery system, which are very small arteries, this becomes especially problematic, so these lipoproteins go up to the wall of the arteries many times they come back out and nothing goes wrong, but they often They get trapped there and When they get trapped there, the body reacts, I think appropriately, because it thinks there is a foreign invader and it triggers an immune response and it sends immune cells to the artery to go eat or ingest or whatever. called phagocytosing those cholesterol particles and when What it does is start a huge inflammatory cascade that ultimately causes the body to try to repair the damage it's causing, while what it's doing is preparing for disaster, it builds something called plaque. and eventually when that plate ruptures and all the platelets that are clotting cells come to repair it, that's what stops the blood flow, so the heart attack is caused by the rupture of one of these plates and the interruption of blood flow, you got it right, so knowing what you would do and what the majors are.

The factors that drive this, the first is the number of those lipoproteins, so the more low-density lipoproteins you have, the greater the risk of this happening, the more you have, the greater the rest. That's right, the more you can think of it as a kind of It's like a random process so you know that the more cars on the road, the more chance there is that one of the cars will hit a curb. Okay, so having fewer cars on the road is better for everyone. So how do we minimize cars? There are some dietary ways to do it and there are some pharmacological ways to do it.

And you know, how much of each you need depends on the situation you're in, but the reality is if you really wanted to prevent. heart disease, you know, it's funny. I think almost everyone would benefit from lipid-lowering medications to reduce that lipoprotein as much as possible and I'll explain why I'll come back to that in a moment. The second thing that drives cardiovascular disease is blood. blood pressure, so high blood pressure causes mechanical stress on the walls of the arteries and makes them more susceptible to those little lipoproteins coming in, so you can think of it as if the integrity of the wall is what keeps out those lipoproteins if you damage the integrity that while more and more enter and the third thing is smoking and that is blood pressure, yes, high blood pressure, the higher the blood pressure, the more stress you put on that wall, the more shear stress and how to lower blood pressure, what is the efficiency? ways to do it, I mean, losing weight is a hugely efficient way to do it, exercise is an important way to do it in some people, sodium reduction is important if your kidney function is not perfect, that's fine, and if everything everything else fails, I meansleep properly, do you? so correcting things like obstructive sleep apnea can help and ultimately pharmacology helps if none of those other things work and then the third is smoking, yes, yes, smoking is a huge contributor to cardiovascular disease and it has a chemical irritant in that same thing, so smoking somehow chemically irritates the arterial wall, so basically all the paths to cardiovascular disease have to do with the integrity of the arterial wall and the ability of lipoproteins to enter and cause damage.

We know how bad smoking is, but how bad vaping is in comparison. to smoke, yes, it's a great question and I don't think we know the answer, but my opinion is that the precautionary principle is in order, so if a person said "oh, I'm going to choose between smoking and vaping like me." I'm a lifelong smoker and the only way I'm going to quit smoking, you know, two packs of Camel a day is if I'm going to vape. I think it's the lesser of two evils, so that's a different situation than if you told me. I'm not a smoker, but I'm really thinking about vaping.

I'm going to try to convince you not to do it and what are the negative side effects? vaping, so again I think there's a big unknown that we don't know yet about what's next. I don't think we understand what happens when those filaments burn out inside that device. I don't think we understand what particles are there. the person who is pro-vaping will say, well, it's tobacco-free, yeah, it's tobacco-free, okay, that's great, so the problem is solved. I don't know what's there and until I know I'm very uncomfortable with the idea of ​​smoking. anything goes down into my lungs over and over again uh without much more data, yeah, again, if someone says look this is an alternative to smoking, I would say there are much better alternatives, there are smokeless ways to get nicotine because the nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco, nicotine by the way is actually not harmful, nicotine is quite beneficial, nicotine has many benefits on the brain, so the other chemicals are correct, yes, so nicotine is addictive, that's problematic, but otherwise it's a very positive molecule for brain health, so if a person says I'm stuck on nicotine, I would say use a gum, use a patch, use it like a lozenge, there are many Ways to get nicotine that don't put you at risk like vaping does, and would. let's say about vaping doing those other things the gum the grass I just if there is someone I know who is vaping I will try to talk, but yes, that makes sense and if in 20 years I am wrong and we discover that vaping is good for you , which is, I'm willing to, I'm willing to accept, I'm willing to accept, I'm willing to accept the asymmetry of that, yeah, of course, now, what about smoking marijuana?

What are the pros and cons of ingesting any type of smoke? your lungs again, I think the reason, yeah, yeah, I think the reason we probably don't see a strong association between marijuana use and lung cancer, the way we do with smoking is the dose, as you already know. I mean, again, I don't. m No, I don't really like marijuana personally, I've never enjoyed it, but I can't imagine anyone smoking more than a couple of joints a day, even if they are a heavy user, how does that affect you? your brain or others, well, those are separate topics that we can talk about in a second, but I think just based on lung health, heart health, it won't affect your heart.

I suspect it's not as bad as tobacco because you just don't do as much, yes it's unfiltered now and you're probably ingesting a lot of crap, but it's like smoking a cigarette a day doesn't materially increase your risk, but no one smokes a cigarette. a day, right? smoking 10 cigarettes a day or 15 cigarettes a day if you probably smoked 10 or 15 joints a day, I would bet that you are most likely in the same risk category, if not higher, than tobacco because at least tobacco is properly filtered with the heart, that's right, Ed with the heart, ends with the lungs, okay, because remember that lung cancer is, without a doubt, the leading cause of cancer.

Lung cancer, oh my gosh, it's not even close. Wow, okay, the leading cause of cancer death is due to smoking, mostly, yes, tragically, 15 percent of lung cancer patients have never smoked a cigarette in their life fifteen percent fifteen percent In fact, if you just look, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, followed by breast cancer in women, prostate cancer in men, followed by colon cancer, followed by pancreas cancer, those are the great Killers, but if you just look at people who smoke, who have never smoked, who suffer from lung cancer, that would be the seventh cause of death from cancer, how they get lung cancer, nobody knows, it is also a great mystery because that women are disproportionately affected two to one interesting, yes, we wrote an article about this once, speculating that it could be estrogen, it could be lack of testosterone, but no one knows, no one understands why women seem so much more susceptible to lung cancer than men, as non-smokers. non-smokers, uh, between men and women, who attracts diseases more, women

live

on average

longer

than men, at least in the United States, that's probably true globally and women tend to get certain diseases more later, such as heart disease, the incidence of heart disease, and although women are equally likely to die from heart disease, they die later from heart disease, certain diseases favor men and certain diseases are equal for women , for example, lung cancer in a non-smoker, disproportionately in women, Alzheimer's disease, disproportionately in women, two to one, actually, Parkinson's disease disproportionately. men approximately two to one what is the difference between Alzheimer's and Parkinson's?

Alzheimer's is a disease that is almost always related almost exclusively to cognition, so it affects the brain and is a dementing disease, so it robs people of their memory, cognitive executive function, and processing speed. Etc. Parkinson's disease is more of a movement disorder. Does it really affect muscle cognition? But it affects motor control and movement, so people with Parkinson's disease have a tremor and find it very difficult. Wow, they're both neurodegenerative diseases, but. They are on different ends of the spectrum, but one, Parkinson's, will affect your body, but you need to be aware, still, most Parkinson's still have their cognitive faculties correct, while Alzheimer's patients do not, what are they? the causes of both? and how can we minimize that?

Yeah, I mean, it's hard to say definitively what's causing them. We know more about Alzheimer's disease than we do about Parkinson's disease, so we know, for example, that of all the people with Alzheimer's disease, one percent have it because of genes that are programmed to get it, so this It's very tragic, but you know, there are a handful of genes, three in particular, that make up the majority of these patients who are almost destined to get Alzheimer's disease and, tragically, to get it at a very young age. At a young age, these are people who get it around the age of 50, so fortunately that's rare again, it's only one percent of cases, but it's one percent too many and we don't really have any choice. for these patients, so that's once you start having it.

It's hard to remember that's true, so this is not one percent of people who have this, this is one percent of Alzheimer's cases that come with this of the other 99 of people who get Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's a couple of things that we know, one is, another Gene that predisposes you, but not in a way that is called deterministic. Deterministic means that if you have the gene, you get the condition. Fortunately, most genes are not deterministic. Most genes simply increase the risk. They reduce the risk. They modify the risk. But there is a gene called Apoe4 that increases the risk of Alzheimer's. disease, so this is a gene that about 25 percent of the population has, but some, at least 25 of the population has one copy of that gene, about two percent of the population has two copies of that gene, those people are at a much higher level.

The risk for people with one copy is about two to three times higher, and then there are people without copies who are still part of the cases, so of all the people with Alzheimer's disease, about two-thirds of them They have that. One third of the apoe4 gene does not have it, even though the two thirds of people who have Alzheimer's with that gene only represent 25 of the population, so you have an idea of ​​the risk and how can we prevent it? If we do nothing about it, we reach the modifiable factor. So what are the modifiable factors?

Basically they are a handful of really important factors. The first is exercise. We know that exercise dramatically reduces the risk of not only Alzheimer's disease but all causes of dementia. The second is not having type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a huge risk multiplier for Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and dementia is fine, next is blood pressure, high blood pressure dramatically increases the risk of dementia, especially vascular, but smoking also increases Alzheimer's disease. Poor sleep the data is almost certainly less clear there, but I think it's strong enough that I feel very comfortable saying now that poor sleep also increases the risk of dementia and lastly, I think there are two other things that believe.

We can say with a very high degree of certainty that you have elevated levels of that low-density lipoprotein, so the same thing that is causing heart disease is causing Alzheimer's disease and then there is another protein in the blood called homocysteine ​​and the levels High levels of that also appear to be causally related. to Alzheimer's disease, which means that reducing homocysteine ​​reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, which was actually shown in a clinical trial called the vitacog study and that is an important part of what we give to each patient as discharges amounts of vitamin B to keep your homocysteine ​​level low. basically you want a low level of home care low levels of low density lipoprotein lots of exercise normal blood pressure getting enough sleep not having type 2 diabetes you're really even if you have an apoe4 gene if you do all those things you're dramatically improving your odds against neurodegeneration, what do people between 20 and 30 years old do?

What are they doing? What should they stop doing to start living a

longer

life? Know? Because you think that when you're 20 years old I'm invincible. I want to get up all night. be you know whatever drinking or I never drink I've never been drunk but it would be like Red Bulls everything until three in the morning like dancing in techno clubs or whatever uh and just you know eating whatever exercising putting on double burritos and pizza all night, what are the things you wish people in their 20s and 30s knew that if they stopped or restricted those things, it would greatly benefit them in their 40s, 50s, and beyond?

You know, I would hesitate to sit here and suggest that someone in their 20s and 30s maybe

live

like a monk because at some point you know I really understand the value of saying that everything has a season in your life, yeah, and there are things that I did when I was in my 20s and 30s I don't think they were even remotely good for me, but they were incredibly fun and, you know, I mean, when I was in medical school, once a month there was a 25 beer night pennies at the bowling alley and it was all amazing 80s music.

I have some notable memories of that that are so disgusting and I can't believe we drank syrup properly, so I think instead of saying never do this, never do this, never do this, what I would say is develop good habits, so here is a better way. to think about it if you are 20 or 30 years old and I come to you and tell you what is the most important thing you can do to fix yourself financially you wouldn't tell me to never spend money you wouldn't call me to save every penny, but I bet you would tell me to get the habitual habit of saving and investing because if you get into the habitual habit of doing something, you have the compounded benefit, but it is also integrated into your behavior, yes.

So what I would say to that 20- or 30-year-old person is to still get into the habit of exercising six days a week. I understand that when you're 20 you can recover from a horrible night of drunkenness in the same way that you or I could never recover today, but if you make the habit the bad thing for you, it's much harder to break those habits later in life. . I feel very lucky that at least exercise has always been in my life, that's great, so nowor an energy that was different, what you would have done differently or you would have trained and done it well again.

I would, today it would only be me who could go back and do this, but I think I would. like saying look, I'm going to lend you money because you didn't have two cents to spare to go to therapy and um, I want you to explore the roots of your anger. I want you to explore the roots of your perfectionism. I want you to explore the roots of your need to achieve and I think if you can, if you can really explore what's at the root of that, um, you'll still be able to do things. you're not going to lose the ability you're not going to lose the eye to be a productive human being um but you're going to do it less from a point of rage and inferiority where those two things came from rage and inferiority I mean I think you know there were several. elements of my childhood that, for reasons I will never understand, like what you know, like you've discussed, I'm sure a lot of times you can put five people in exactly the same situation. expose them to exactly the same ingredients in exactly the same soil and they're going to sprout different plants, you just don't know why, for some reason, the set of circumstances I was in produced various phenotypes, you know, one of them was a feeling of no one will hurt me so this is the armor that will protect me uh one of them I'm not going to let anyone hurt me I'll never let anyone do this so there's a huge armor that will protect me um I think another one was: I'll show them what good that I can be.

Wow, whatever I'm going to do, I'm going to be the best person to ever do it. I feel like I have both going for me too, yeah, yeah. I think a lot of people who go through that kind of experience, um, do it and of course the insidious nature of that kind of narrative is that it's very rewarding, so there's a benefit in the fact that there's an advantage in that. consequences and prices we pay yes, there is collateral damage is the way I try to describe it well it's like it's like a tank driving through a city absolutely gets where it's going to go you get your results you get it you're the traffic don't stop, but the number of bodies in your path, the damaged street, the damaged cars, all that stuff, no one will hit you when they cut you off at the intersection, uh, but all the commotion you cause around you is so problematic, um. but then again, if the results are good enough, you can slip through life and most people tolerate it and only the people closest to you really see how bad it is and you know it, and then you start believing a narrative that says this is what you are you like it okay if not I'm going to pretend that I'm not you know that I'm not going to pretend that I'm perfect but at the same time you know if changing this would be like changing my height or my eye color as if not could do those things is the identity about it this is this is programmed wow then you would have gone back and you would have done some therapy back then and you would have said you are not programmed to be this way B, let's understand what is driving this C.

I'm going to try to convince yourself that you can have a lot of The Upside without most of this disadvantage, but now you're going to pay a price, you're going to pay the Fiddler in a way. or the other, but if you pay them now there will be fewer bodies, yeah, how long have you been doing therapy now? oh, at the level that I've been doing it, uh, six years, six years, five, five and a half years, one of the Major benefits that you've seen physically, cognitively and emotionally from doing that practice in an interesting way.

I mean, certainly, I would say I certainly sleep better, really, yes, absolutely, which helps your lifespan. That is the least of the benefits. I'm starting with the low hanger, but I think another thing is that my body is less beat up, since I don't strain myself like I used to if something doesn't feel right. I'll just stop doing it. I'm not, don't push his ego to the limit, yeah, I'm not proving anything to anyone. I just don't care if I do, if I plan to deadlift on Friday and my back doesn't feel very good. I'm not doing deadlifts today.

Alright. I'll do split squats instead. Alright. I can come back and try again next Friday. There's no ego involved in what I'm trying to do.Physically all I'm trying to do is play the game you know, you know Simon snack wrote this book infinite games right my life has now become an infinite game it's no longer a finite game I'm not trying to win, I'm just trying to keep playing obviously the most important thing comes down to Harmony in my life yes, then my life was a life that had no Harmony and now my life is a life that is mainly Harmony and when I do something to eliminate the harmony I recognize it very quickly and I am in the mode of repairing it instead of trying hard and proving that I am right, yeah, this is beautiful, man, so much good wisdom in this interview we will have.

I want them to come back for another episode, but I want people to get the book Surviving The Science and Art of Longevity. Dr. Peter Attia, make sure you get some copies. This is the Bible of longevity and living a better, healthier, happier life. make sure you get this, get some copies for your friends and family, so much good scientific research, seven years spent on this, but really a lifetime of wisdom and experience, but seven years writing, so make sure you get this, get it on Audible . If you want to listen too, you have an amazing podcast, if you're on social media, how else can we support and serve you?

I think that's it, I mean, if people are interested in technical kind of things. about these things, yeah, the unit is a great place to it's a great resource, we have a newsletter that comes out every Sunday, it's free, so it's something you should sign up for on our site, um and um, yeah, we love creating this type. of content yeah you really are amazing we think we think you know people have a lot more agency than I think they realize when it comes to their health. I mean, most of what's in this book doesn't require a doctor, right?

I don't need a doctor to explain exactly what we're talking about. I want to thank you, Peter, for your continued transformation. I think talking about emotional health for me is really inspiring because that's what I've been doing until the last few years. years too and what you said Harmony, I have never felt so much Harmony in my life because I am doing emotional practices and that does not mean that every moment is perfect, but doing it consistently, just like exercising and eating. protein more consistently and all these other things give us longer benefits so I appreciate you for doing that for talking about it as part of longevity and really quality of life because who wants to just live life if we're suffering?

So I appreciate everything you've created in this book and also doing the emotional work for yourself letting go of the need to prove and protect like I did for most of my life as well and um, I asked you about your three truths before, so I'm I'm going to link to that so people can go back and listen to the previous episode, yeah, but I'm curious about the final question, what is your definition of greatness now? I guess it's just being um and this may sound simplistic, but I think there's There's something that I think is just being comfortable with who you are and what I mean by that is not feeling the need to have the approval of others all the time. , and that can manifest, as you know, the need to have others that you like.

I don't know, like on social media, that might be the lowest form of that approval, but also even you know that a harder level of that step is having people that you do know, and that might mean going your own way when the people I think you need to do something else, so I think that's probably the highest form of greatness. I mean, isn't that Joseph Campbell who wrote it? You know, the hero is the person who has the courage to pursue his own happiness and what I realized was that I need to start thinking about a different sport, which is the sport of longevity, so what does it mean to be a incredible centenary?

That was the beginning of a mental model for me that over the last couple of years has gained a lot more traction