Shock: The First Crusade and the Conquest of Jerusalem | The Crusades: An Arab Perspective Ep1

In the history of the conflict between East and West The most powerful battle between Christianity and Islam a Holy War the name of religion For the

first

time the history of the Crusades From an Arab

perspective

The Crusades of the epitomy of the Holy War However , the roots of these two hundred years The conflict lay not in religion but in the economic situation of medieval Europe, while the Pope tried to hold on to his historical authority over the people of Europe, meanwhile in the East internal divisions had weakened the once all-powerful Islamic Empires. In the

first

episodes of this series The story of the upheaval that hit the Muslim world with the arrival of the Crusades The Mauritanian plagues, the 11th century of the Common Era The apogee of the Middle Ages After centuries of European domination, they fled in great numbers measure the armies of Imperial Rome The region had fallen firmly under Muslim control While the Muslim East lived in prosperity Western Europe had fallen into poverty and conflict The half-evil Western society was a feudal society Which meant they had an aristocracy military in charge of a large number of people who had no land possessions Despite the poverty and suffering of the common people Feudal lords lived a very different life Across the Mediterranean lies the prosperity and cultural riches of the Muslim world But this brilliant Fasaad struck deep into political and religious discord.

Since the middle of the 9th centenary, the Abbasid caliphate had gradually fallen under the control of different dynasties. The caliphs claimed to be the universal leaders of Islam were no longer puppets in the hands of ministers, army commanders and even servants. The saljooks began to expand their empire in all directions. The most significant and serious expansion was Asia Minor against the Christian Byzantine Empire. And after the victory of the Battle of Manzicrds in 1071, the Saljooks approached Constantinople. The great capital of the Byzantine Empire. Western Christians at that time did not view Islam as a separate religion.

They appeared to view Islam as a Christian heritage. They saw it as a deviation from Christianity. Now they were completely wrong about it. Pope Gregory died in 1085 before turning his project into reality. However, three years later, an even more ambitious Pope took Urban's position. -II the second In November 1095 in Claghmore, France, Pope Urban held the council of the Catholic church. But what began as a religious gathering took a dramatic turn on its tenth day. That day the Pope would give a speech. A speech that would be the starting point. of two centuries of bloodshed The Crusades The dose of Urban is that he directly addresses spiritual anxiety.

So if you go on a

crusade

for your sins, the punishment or else you will have to pay for your sins or remit. Pope Urban drew up a calendar for the first. Campaign With winter approaching, he declared that the campaign should begin the following summer of 1096. But many ignored this holy order. They found the leader prepared to guide them immediately to the East. An old monk named Peter the Hermit. This is great indiscipline. group, there are not many nobles who participate in it. Poor leadership, they are despised by money, poorly funded. They are willing to kill and get money wherever they can.

One of the criticisms of Peter Hermit's armies and indeed the armies of other

crusade

rs is that they attack their fellow Christians, coreligionists. They often did this for practical reasons. Armed groups must see everything they can to survive. Then they would take property, crops, prisoners if they can, something to support themselves. And if they are Christians, what about the Jews? that's what they're worried about, as things stand, they're just trying to move on After more than four months of grueling marches across Europe The popular crusade reached the Byzantine capital, Constantinople The crossing point into Asia and the Holy Land The crusaders crossing the prosperous Now they themselves march into territory controlled by hostile forces Mainly the Saljook Muslims A few weeks after they landed in Asia Minor They fell into a well-established Saljook army In a short battle, most of the twenty thousand crusaders were massacred But while the undisciplined rebels of the people the

crusades

were meeting a tragic end in Asia Minor Another wave of holy war formed The nobility of Europe was gathering stronger, larger and more organized armies Armies that would go down in history as the first crusade of Europe, the autumn of 1096 A year earlier, Pope Urban II had declared war to reconquer the holy land from the Muslims The

crusades

The first Christians who headed towards Jerusalem Enthusiastic but undisciplined had been crushed by the Muslim Saljook in Asia Minor But now much stronger, larger and more organized forces were gathering and advancing eastwards.

These armies that formed the first crusades were commanded by figures of the European nobility Ramón 4th, Count of Toulouse Godfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin of Boulogne Hugo, 1st Count of Vermandois and his brother, King Philip 1st of France Robert Duke of Normandy , brother of King William II of England Bohemond the Norman, Prince of Toronto Many male nobility who had a role as warriors and warlords And would see the crusade as a way to curve a small kingdom in the East perhaps just Or also to search glory in war In late 1096, European armies began to arrive at the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, but the Byzantine emperor Alexius Komnenos did not allow them to enter Asia Minor before the following spring. year After crossing the Bosphorus, the crusaders marched towards the capital of Saljook in Asia Minor.

The city of Nice. Faithful to the oath they had sworn to the emperor, the city of Nice was returned to the Byzantines. And while the crusaders continue their successful march in Asia Minor. His sacred task of taking Jerusalem was assigned to one side Baldwin of Boulogne decided to abound the armies heading south And at the invitation of his Armenian Christian ruler he marched east to Edessa Baldwin the first is one of the leaders of the first crusades and among the many contingencies he decided to advance towards Edessa. This is a strategically important place, he is also one of the few crusade leaders who wants to establish his own lands there, so he seeks to establish a territory that he can rule by himself while Baldwin heads towards Edessa.

The main army advanced and reached the wall of Antioch. A city nicknamed The Cradle of Christianity. Since the term Christian originated. But taking Antioch would prove a difficult task for the Christians now besieging the city. Nairouz, a Christian, who had previously converted to Islam. a commander of one of the city's watchtowers was bribed to help the crusaders. Governor Yağısıyan asked for help, Karbogha was soon answered, the ruler of Mosul in Iraq moved his army westward, and the late siege Until now the Christians occupied Antioch may seem to have almost defeated the Crusaders. It takes a couple of years to get to this place.

All this allows them to lose lives. And they really are so close to being defeated that it takes a miracle to survive and that's what they got. They dig, in the end. They find this spear And this is something that inspires the troops, God has given them a sign that if they pursue they will succeed. The fact that they saw another one in Constantinople that they passed by seems to be completely forgotten, it was a morale booster. Meanwhile, outside the wall of Antioch, the surrounding Muslim army was disintegrating. Some of the commanders quarreled with the Karbogha of Aragon and decided to withdraw their troops.

An opportunity taken advantage of by the crusaders. The crusaders spent the rest of 1098 in the captured city arguing over who should be the ruler of the second crusader's settlement in the East The principality of Antioch The dispute was eventually resolved in favor of Bohemond of Toronto The rest of the armies set out south towards their main objective Jerusalem But this time their march along the Levantine coasts met no resistance In June 1099 And after three years of long march, Bloody battles Banners and famens The crusaders finally reached Jerusalem But marching in the name of religion failed to tear down the walls So the crusaders resorted to the usual method, WAR For five weeks Late siege of the holy city.

It was very difficult for the crusaders to distinguish between the local Muslim population. The local Jewish population and the local Christian population because they all look the same. They all look Arab. When the armies of the First Crusades finally storm Jerusalem in July 1099. They release the pent-up tensions of three years on the march having finally achieved their spiritual goal. So it's actually a situation where the crusaders want to purify the city and take it back for themselves and for the defenders who survived and were then driven out of the city. the capture of Jerusalem The first crusade had achieved its greatest victory But this initial success would not last.

It was to be merely a dramatic opening scene in a much longer struggle. And as the Muslim revival began, the ground was stratified for another TWO centuries of the crusades.