Shannon Luminary Lecture Series - Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, journalist, author

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome Dunal Hernán. I got a round of applause from Stephen Fry and this has made my year. Welcome everyone to the Hammond Innovation Hall at Nokia Bell Labs. It's great to have you here in person and hello to everyone who is broadcasting from remote sites. about those laboratories worldwide and all the weird people in the future who will see this and the recording of the publication. I don't know what to tell you, but hello too, I guess, it's great to have you here. I have two basic jobs. Doing it is very simple for me, fortunately, one is a very mundane thing related to cleaning and the other is and I need you as an audience here to help me achieve one of my goals for this year, so the cleaning thing is that the bathrooms are in front. of the fire exits of the building are on the front left and right of the building and here right next to the stage left and right and then to help me achieve my goal and I have a goal I need to be a part of one of these conferences where there are There is not a single case where a cell phone causes a disruption and I have tried everything I have tried to name and shame.

I threatened physical abuse at the last conference. I even said that anyone's phone ringing is direct proof that they are. stupid and lacking in intellect and that didn't work honestly so I'm going to talk to the better part of your mentality and ask you to take out your phones for just 10 seconds, put them on silent, turner to vibrate, put them on airplane mode Or simply. Turn off that damn thing please and believe me, you'll turn it off for an hour, it'll be great, you'll have a great time and the world will still be spinning on its axis when we come back an hour later, so that's what we talked about.

Spinning I'm going to introduce you to Marcus Weldon as the chief technology officer of Nokia and president of Bell Labs, so Donal first tried to get them to turn off his phones. The first thing for me is that I'm not going to see anything. you know it's not possible, but I'm going to say relatively little because there's nothing I can do to compare anything to Stephen Fry, he's funnier than the average bear, yes, he's a better

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than the average bear, he thinks better than the average bear. , is a better writer than the average bear, in fact, he might be the best of all those things in all of the bears.

I could go a step further in all of Bell Labs, so that's really who we have here with us today, who we've spent a day with. He had dinner with him last night. It has been a fabulous moment. He is everything you would want him to be and possibly more, and it is very rare that we get to say that, so it is a true honor and privilege that Lord Steve knows that I. Not Lord yet, but Stephen Fry? I welcome you to the stage and I think he will surprise you, so thank you very much.

Thanks man. I think it would have been nice if Marcus had mentioned my modesty too. Gentlemen, I'm very excited to be here. I've had a wonderful morning looking at some of the extraordinary photographs of the moon and the blue sky and the extraordinary thinking that is happening here and I can't tell you how I basically feel. The closest I can get is that I'm Charlie and Marcus is Willy Wonka and I guess that makes Palumbo's your last Palumbo's. Now I'm not going to wear my glasses because I think I'm fine without them. thank goodness, let me at least start by saying that despite a lifetime of immersing myself in what I consider to be the provocative, seductive, bewitching and often confusing joy of technological development, information and shiny things, I am not a computer scientist, nor a coder, not a programmer, many of you, most of you yes.

Not everyone who has been kind enough to come today will know much more about the technical aspects of the topic I am going to talk about. Take this, if you will, as the offering of a curious mind, curious in both senses. of the word eager for information and simply strange now the future has never been a bigger business every day more stories appear related to the great confluence the great convergence the moment that will surely come when the sweaty currents of the currents and tributaries of bionic robotics Our gene editing nanotechnology, brain machine interfaces, the Internet of Things and machine learning, break their banks and flow together in a powerful technological flood, a tidal wave that will sweep away the human and natural world and perhaps cause the singularity, the end of the primacy of humanity. or possibly the end of our existence as biological entities at the beginning of a new species dominant sapiens human or non-human on earth the same questions are asked what our social groupings will do to our minds is this the end of the Education workplace Medicine Commerce and the social love leisure and work for defamation as we have always understood them since the dawn of language the hinges of Pandora's box begin to squeak when the lid is lifted many concerns make today's headlines traveling after the truth fake news the emergence of big data and its ownership of each citizen movement preference spending pattern and propensity the slavery of the informal labor economy the echo chamber and the filter bubble that tribe Eliza and the ghetto eise are every more and more the threat of piracy, identity theft, extortion and cyber terrorism, the grooming and recruitment of young people for nefarious purposes, intimidation, body shaming, etc., and more, and more, but what Donald Rumsfeld would call the known must be understood. and the unknown;

They are all issues that concern us now and of which we are Fully aware, although helpless, it seems or is not willing to undress to address even politicians, cultural commentators and businessmen are aware of these problems, but such challenges are nothing when they say next to what is coming in a very short time, in fact, now, before making a complete fool of themselves. of myself in making hasty statements about the future let me tell you two stories from the distant past both of which are well known but, after all, they are a mere repetition. My eyes think of Ash Legal.

He said that a historian is a prophet looking back. I already hinted at one. From the stories I'm going to tell you, when I referenced the hinges of Pandora's box, I actually should have said Pandora's jar. In fact, we often call it Pandora's Box because Erasmus missed out on no less a figure than one of the heroes of early humanism. he translated it from said anyway Pandora and her jar we are all part of the juices revenge against the titan Prometheus and on us the king of the gods had not forgiven Prometheus for stealing fire from heaven and giving it to humanity he looked down and he saw fires breaking out everywhere in the ceramics industry, in cooking, in foundries for the art of war, but he saw that man had the divine spark of the inner creative fire that makes us search, push, invent, ask, such Perhaps we can call that the consciousness we feel is exclusively ours in the animal kingdom, Zeus. was to punish Prometheus by chaining him to the caucuses and sending an eagle to tear out his liver every day but he punished humanity in a more subtle way and for once I used the word humanity without fear of being tattooed there were no human women At this point the god Hephaestus Vulcan to the Romans was ordered by Zeus to create the first human woman from clay moistened with his saliva if Isis took his wife Aphrodite his mother Hera his daughter his are not Demeter and his sister Athena as models and lovingly sculpted a girl of quite marvelous beauty into whom Aphrodite Venus to the Romans, of course, the goddess of love and beauty, then breathed life, the other gods joining together to uniquely equip her for the world.

Athena trained her in crafts, sciences and arts here in doubt with

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ity, poise and self-possession, Apollo taught her skill in music, she learned archery, rhetoric and reason. Hermes educated her in the arts of deception, curiosity, and cunning, and gave her a name after her, since each of the gods had bestowed upon her a notable talent or achievement. To be called the gifted one, which in Greek is Pandora as it is used, he gave one more gift to this Paragon, it was a jar or box full of good. He did not tell her and she went down to earth where she was courted and won by Prometheus, her brother Epimetheus.

Well, you know what happened after weeks of painful curiosity, Pandora waited until she was alone in the house and couldn't help which of us she could. She pulled the jar out of her hiding place and twisted the lid, the wax and seal giving way. and she released it, there was a rapid flutter of wings, a furious flutter of wings and a wild whirling in her ears, she screamed in pain and fear and jumped back as a multitude of hideous, scaly leathery forms flew from the mouth of the jar. a great cloud of them chattering, shouting and howling in her ears with a scream.

Pandora mustered the courage and strength to close the lid and reseal the jar, but it was too late, as if a cloud of screeching and moaning locusts were flying away over the city. The countryside and around the world settled like a pestilence wherever humanity had habitation the names of these creatures were difficulties hunger pain anarchy lies quarrels disputes Wars battles man slaughters and murders death and disease all these pains and sorrows were released in the age of gold and the violence of disease Deceit, misery, cruelty, lies and anarchy filled our world and would never leave it.

What Pandora didn't know was that when she closed the lid of the jar so hastily, she forever imprisoned inside one last little creature left behind to flap her desperate wings in the Box Forever. Her name was Elpis Hope when I first found out about her. had joined the Internet in the late 1980s. I wanted to grow with fascination and excitement when the World Wide Web arrived. I couldn't wait for my friends to get websites and emails. after all, it was pretty useless to be the only person he knew with an email account. I'd been through this before as an early adopter, in fact, when for three years I was the only person I knew with a fax machine, it was like being the only person alive with a useless tennis racket anyway.

I told my friends that this thing, the Internet, was the largest gathering of human beings in the history of the planet as new services came online and Web 2.0 blossomed into the social networking services we now know. I know and perhaps I trust I believed I truly believed that humanity could well be saved improved perfected by this gifted creation literature music culture philosophy enlightenment and knowledge would spread in its train new freedoms would come a new understanding among the peoples of the world a new contract, this was to be our millennium Pandora, a gifted body that would spread learning, understanding, friendship, courtesy and peace.

I looked at budding projects like Wikipedia and watched Voltaire Diderot and Thomas Paine's lighting project become a reality. I saw art galleries and archives being converted. Available free to everyone. I saw special interest groups able to exchange information and ideas with their peers around the world, whether it was collecting coins. they could contact each other around the world free translations free

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s tours user-generated travel advice finding the best deals and bargains sharing experiences in all fields of human endeavor borders barriers borders and boundaries would melt and dissolve and end with tribalism ignorant racism fear of a new dawn for humanity was Pandora, all good, Twitter, for example.

I joined Twitter early on thinking of a fun little pointless trivia that might be worth pursuing, but when it showed how people could connect in real time while crowding into the squares of Tunisia. and Egypt ushering in the Arab Spring my joy was total what the tyrant could endure in this new world how could censorship and propaganda survive when the wisdom and knowledge of the multitudes were there to shine the light of truth In all the darkest places in the world Pandora's new suite of achievements and capabilities would bring a paradise on earth Utopia come true What could go wrong?

You are right to laugh at my nonsense. I do it myself. When did the jaw cap become loose? When did I realize that maybe it was like that? After all, it is so perfect that the old caterpillar in the salad should not deter us from green vegetables and the occasional fly in the ointment should not deter us from applying it, but the flapping of the leathery, scaly wings of something worse fluttering from the jar . could not be ignored even by a fool as perfectly gullible and cosmically optimistic as me, the lid had been lifted and evil things flew out monstrously cruel thugs and malicious thieves extortionists bandits pirates liars con artists predators monsters and trolls despite the enmity pettiness of the cruelty spirit of intent and greed were so obscene that they made you gasp, shudder, greed was nowhere to be seen, so I have gone from being afoolish and idiotic optimist to a dejected and desperate pessimist with dead eyes.

Well, my second story from a long time ago concerns a great ruler of the East who gathered his ministers and his great sages. I have won the world. He told them. I have all the power and pleasure anyone could need, but I am not at peace. My mind and fighting spirit are racing, but I have no enemies to defeat. I want some occupation. some hobby some puzzle that will satisfy my passion for war strategy tactics of conquest and absorb my time whoever invents designs confesses or invents a system such that a hobby will be granted any good wish the most intelligent and cunning talents of the Empire the designers creators Poets, planners, inventors, dreamers and visionaries worked furiously to devise some creation, some invention that could satisfy the Emperor's Omri and ensure their own future wealth and happiness.

The day came when the emperor would judge the countries and he surrounded the Great Hall of his palace examining it. Each of the offerings presented for inspection, failures of gold, silver and brass and castles of immense mechanical sophistication promised hours of realistic war gaming, enough to satisfy any boredom, poor imperial warrior, he surely passed through each stall like a celebrity chef judging. a cooking competition or a duchess at a flower show. sniffing, pinching, prodding and tasting, nothing tickled him or made his survival glands work until he finally reached a table where an old Persian man placed him, who gave him a smile with wrinkled teeth and asked him to sit in front of him and play the game he had invented.

It looked very simple next to the great artifice and apparatus that could be created by others the wooden board two rows of light boxwood figures facing the two rows of identical dark ebony figures my game is unique said the inventor in his strange Farsi accent because there is no luck only planning cunning skill boldness and imagination like war and like life here is king in my country of Iran we call him the Shah I will be the black pieces you must attack my tent when I have nowhere to go move can you cry Chuck chucho the king is dead checkmate said the Emperor's little death close enough said the inventor showed the Emperor how each chess player was allowed to move and they played and the two played and played and played the Emperor had never He Seen a game like this, so much complexity from so much simplicity, such traps, surprises, creations and ingenious combinations, the other submissions to His Imperial Majesty's competition didn't stand a chance, this new shock mat game was declared the winner, you can ask for any reward, shouted the delighted Emperor, my wishes. "They are simple, my little family," replied the inventor, sweeping away the few pieces that remained from his last game and showing the board empty, you see my board here, only eight squares by eight. "I would only ask that you place a single grain of rice in the first square and then two in the next and the next in age, then 16 and so on and until you reach the last square adding double the grains every time the Emperor cried applauding for all your comings, you missed an opportunity to get rich old man, you are too easily satisfied brings a bag of rice in a few moments the Grand Vizier of the Emperor was taking a single grain from a sack and placing it with haughty disdain on the first square a1 in the modern language of chess or on the Queen's rook two grains which he placed on b14 on c18 on d1 3264 and finally 128 grains on h1 at the end of the first row he won the king's rook the Grand Vizier was getting a little bored sir. task too complicated and sent for a pair of tweezers 128 was quite complicated and for a 2 in the next range I would have to count 128 twice to fill that square with 256 grains which was already too much for the small space to contain pronounce a tired of the Inconvenience caused, he chose to place a small stone in the square and pile the grains on a slab on the floor b2 next to him.

He needed 512 grains. The Emperor saw that this was going to be a boring procedure and waved a hand and was about to walk away when his chief astronomer and mathematician, the wisest and most knowledgeable of the ages of the kingdom, stood before him. Sire, he hissed agitatedly. I have done calculations. When the Vizier reaches the halfway point, the end of the fourth row will require. 2 billion grains of rice fill that 30 second square when he is in the second square of the seventh row, more than half a billion grains at the end of that row, it will be more rice than the world has ever seen in the last row.

More rice than the world could ever see More than stars in the sky More than grains of sand in the mighty desert 1 If you grant his wish you will ruin the Empire and the world will be one part desert The King tries to do the sums in his head and then He looked at the figures that the wise man had drowned on his blackboard and thought a lot, slowly he saw it enormous, the numbers became by then the wise man had calculated the weight of so much rice that no horse, yak or dromedary could carry so much. much not in a hundred thousand times a hundred thousand years the angry ruler now did what any powerful leader would do what you and I would probably do under the same circumstances he brandished his scimitar and cut off the inventor's head as a lesson to all intelligent people not to get cute with the kings and such and such chess was born and thus, to the terror and horror of the relentless game of exponential growth, humanity was presented the story of the grains on the rice board has been repeated and refined to demonstrate the havoc such alarming growth rates can wreak and how small manageable integers can quickly explode into such vast numbers that our terrestrial sublunary imagination cannot hope to deal with them.

So many things in life seem to be exponential. We are the result of an exponential division. One cell becomes 2 4. 8 and 16 and so on until a blob-like amoeba can somehow fuse into the shape of a jellyfish, a grizzly bear, an orchid or Angela Merkel. Exponential progression means that, as humans, we go from one cell to the 27 trillion that complete us in just 46 steps. that's all, but if we look back we can see the effect: we have two parents, four grandparents, great-grandparents, etc. It does not take many generations to reach the number of my direct ancestors, that is, individuals who are equally necessary for my existence. as my parents exceed the number of humans that have ever existed a few steps back and the number exceeds the number of mammals and then all the eukaryotes and all life and all the grains and atoms that make up the planet the exponential curves prove that everything in the universe is our ancestor that we are, as Sagan said, they demonstrate: that the smallest elementary building blocks can be transformed into living structures of mind-boggling complexity by no more than small recursive iterations of procedures as simple as the binary fishing of mitosis and meiosis and all the other things I have forgotten about school biology and through the power of that progression the day would come when an exponential curve would bring down the game of chess just as it caused the loss of its inventor's head, but first things first Since its arrival in In our world, the depths and subtleties of the game of chess have amazed us, no matter the number of grains in a square, it turns out that in a square there are more possible chess games than there are atoms in the observable universe. one hundred and twenty games unlike the universe its weak tendency to the power of eighty atoms this estimate is known as it happens as a Shannon number in honor of Claude Shannon himself and his work on these amazing numbers these complexities of the game tree as they are known in The The field of chess was long considered the apogee of human intellectual achievement.

Chess masters can retain every game they have played in their memory, not to mention the thousands of games played by past geniuses and contemporary rivals. They believe that they take many plays to astonishing levels of analysis. the imagination of the amateurs, the more an amateur becomes, a brilliant sense of what good chess play entails, the more one is amazed at the incredible mental powers of the champions when Boris Spassky was preparing for his famous Championship match World Cup against Bobby Fischer in 1972. he would hone his reflexes by playing with ten strength master players simultaneously blindfolded, easy to see, that's why chess became a symbol of the greatest achievements of our remarkable brain, combining knowledge, advance planning , calculation, imagination, intuition, style, memory, concentration, spatial awareness, resilience, determination and at its highest flights. the creative genius the mastery of chess players to the complete intelligence and mathematical intelligence of the strategic intelligence of the tactical intelligence of the visual intelligence and artistic intelligence chess became from the beginning the Holy Grail when it comes to creation of an artificial intelligence, in fact, a candidate for The world's first robot was the Mechanical Turk, an 18th century chess automaton who turned out to be a fake Wizard of Oz, a very small person stuck in a cabinet that operated levers, but two great geniuses who met here, well, maybe not exactly here, but in the Bell.

The 1942 Alan Turing and Claude Shannon laboratories were interested in the idea of ​​a machine capable of calculating chess moves. This idea took root in academic technical institutes and popular culture, thinks Professor Stephen Falken in the successful war games of 1993, if humanity could build a machine that was capable of matching or even beating the best player in the world, That would be the breakthrough that would bring us closer to artificial general intelligence, the move from a box of clever algorithms to the creation of intelligent machines, machines with sense, if not necessarily, full sense of themselves, this would inevitably lead to superintelligence. of the machines that in itself would cause that singularity at the moment when everything changes for us, as critical and transcendental as the catastrophe of the Permian extinction, when 90% of all life disappeared from the planet or that first atomic explosion. test in New Mexico in 1945, the day is important to our species as the long-awaited first contact with an extraterrestrial species or perhaps even coinciding with the day that marked an era when someone had the amazing idea of ​​sandwiching a toasted marshmallow between wheat cookies spread with chocolate. and asking for such momentous, game-changing small breakthroughs rarely happens in our history.

What brought Alan Turing and Claude Shannon, two of the greatest intellects of their time or any time, together in the 1940s was not chess, of course, but war and the need for the Allies to extract knowledge about developments such as cryptanalysis radar and the cavity magnetron. Turing, of course, was working specifically on decryptions of the German Enigma traffic. Shannon was quickly becoming one of the world's leading

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ities on cryptography and artillery fire control systems, most excitingly and least known to everyone but themselves. At the time they were both working independently on the terms and protocols of what would become known as information theory, but it would probably be fair to say that Alessandro Volta brought them together and stacked, as you remember, discs of metallic zinc and copper on brine or sulfuric acid and gave the world its first reliable and consistent electric cell or battery, called a voltaic cell in his honor.

His work caught the attention of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who in 1801 established a prize in his name, the Volta Prize for research into electricity. So far, citing your forward-thinking of Bonaparte, that prize was won in 1880 by my hero of this afternoon, apart from Shannon, who is Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone or winner of the patent, at least Bell felt that he had personally won enough money with his great invention and invested all the prize money in establishing research and development laboratories that bear his name to this day. Bell had ridiculous ambitions, as you probably know, he even went so far as to claim.

I hope you don't consider me immodest when I say that I believe that one day there will be a telephone in every city in the United States, the mission of these newly created Bell Labs was to feed the fruits of their labor to the parent company Bell Telephone Company, Ma Bell, which will now be divided into manufacturing the physical equipment that actual telephones, cables, relay switches, etc., was Western Electric, which over the decades would become Lucent and Alcatel and then would end and I used the word end correctly in Nokia. The second company that would manage the infrastructure and the end customer would be the American telephone and telegraph company. company better known as AT&T and no one knows what happened to them.

Bell Labs had been founded in a golden age of invention and mechanical engineering, but in the 1940s, when Shannon and Turing met kingdomshigher and deeper scientists and numbers were replacing the depressed and - dirty shavings of sweat and rubbish of invention and engineering the mechanical world seemed to have abandoned most of its secrets materials and compounds were more crucial than ever but a deep experience in chemistry and a proper understanding of the nuclear and even quantum nature of matter were developing rapidly. to become essential Bell and his jacquard telephone and his Volta loom making his Marconi battery and the radio Samuel Morse and the Telegraph George Stephenson and the locomotive Karl Benz and the combustion engine lee deforest and the vacuum tube Thomas Edison Nikola Tesla these brilliant and extraordinary inventors The innovators, engineers and discoverers would have barely understood a single word or idea passed between Shannon and Shannon when those two sat together and chatted about numbers and their relationship to logical probability and so-called universal computation.

These two individuals were probably the only ones on the planet who had thus far carried forward the bold idea that words of information and data flow could be expressed and modeled mathematically in Bayesian and Boolean terms and that these mathematical expressions could be used as a basis for directing a flow of current so that the current travels through the shunt resistor, rectification and amplification of capacitance could allow the storage and manipulation of data and the performance of calculations. Such sophisticated rhetorical theoretical frameworks were all very well, but existing technology could never realize the extraordinary information revolution that these ideas hinted at.

The delicate, fragile glass vacuum tubes were not reliable enough when engaged in dedicated tasks such as code breaking and ordnance calculation. The fantastic possibilities raised by Shannon and applauding well could surely never come true in the life of the century. tubes such problems seemed insurmountable the history of Bell Labs and its Its achievements are well covered in literature, libraries and online and I am sure you know this better than I, but its refinement of tube technology vacuum from a thousand hours of reliable use to 80,000 hours allowed them to create the Transcontinental system that made Bell's crazy ambition a reality. get a phone for every city in the United States and some of the brilliant but tragic William Shockley's work on manipulating current in solid-state materials such as copper sulfate and silicon gave rise to the Prize-winning semiconductor triode or transistor Nobel.

Shockley left New Jersey to establish a business in his hometown of Palo Alto, California and Silicon Valley. Eight of his top collaborators abandoned him when his political behavior and management style became increasingly strange. Two of those eight traitors, Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce, founded their integrated electronics company, or Intel, which built on that early semiconductor work and found increasingly clever shapes of layers of silicon into thin sandwiches of P and n states that they called integrated circuits and which the world received as microchips in 1965. Gordon Moore first proposed his famous and surprising law, you are all familiar with his statement that technological advances in chip production would precede such that the density of Integrated circuits would periodically double between every eighteen months to two years, doubling the number of transistors in the same space is how this exponential curve is most commonly described, computing power and speed doubling every 20 months, perhaps better expressed.

As the cost of computing has a constant frequency every twenty months, it is worth mentioning that, more consistently, this is not a law but a mixture of prophetic proposition and objective one that has so far been fulfilled with quite surprising precision . How do we imagine Moore's Law in action? In the year Moore first declared it, there was a car that could go five miles per hour but doubled its speed at the same rate as Moore's law. Now it would go 671 million miles per hour on Mars in five minutes, actually that's it. not entirely true because I found this analogy in a book published in 2015, so in fact the car has already reached 1.3 billion miles per hour;

In other words, it is now Mars and returning in five minutes and that speed will double next year. Here is another way. looking at it one that shows how quickly the numbers accelerate without control how the slope becomes a wall the referee places a drop of water in the middle of the field in a stadium like the MetLife here in New Jersey or Wembley in London and then a minute later place two drops and a minute later four drops to fill the stadium would take only 49 minutes, but as Callum Chase observes in his book The Economic Singularity, the surprising fact is that after 40 five minutes, remember that is 49 minutes later what it is filled with. 45 minutes the stadium is only seven percent full, if you look down with your top and back you might see something happen, a puddle forms far below, four minutes later you have drowned, the curve becomes on a wall, here's another way to look at it, a closer example. to the world of Gordon Moore in 1996 the US Government's American Strategic Computing Initiative began building the Red Super Computer, by 1997 it had achieved its goal of being the first to achieve a true teraflop state, i.e.

Performing one trillion floating point operations per second for three years was the most powerful computer in the world. None, just five years later the same level of processing power was available to any teenager with a Sony Playstation 3 in their bedroom and that was 11 years ago and nothing has stopped since then, the law has continued to push technology is not a noun is a verb my view of the power of the exponential curve and therefore Moore's law is that, as Niels Bohr once said about quantum mechanics, if it doesn't surprise you then you haven't understood it doesn't just apply to chips Silicon, of course, light-emitting diodes, LEDs are subject to an equivalent of Moore's local Haines law.

Every year, the cost per lumen falls by a f

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of 10 and the amount of light generated per LED package increases by a factor of 20, the amount of data being extracted is doubling exponentially, and in 1996, irony of ironies , what do you think was swept away by the power of that inescapable growth? But that year chess, IBM's dedicated chess machine defeated Garry Kasparov, probably the greatest player to ever push a pawn if back in the '50s or '60s you were to call one of the fathers of artificial intelligence or the information age that would come the day when a human-built intelligence would defeat the best chess player in the world they could have suggested. that this moment would mark some kind of really powerful and potentially terrifying milestone because chess, as I said, was always considered the Apogee, the Summit, the pinnacle of human intelligence, yet the deep blue victory did not provoke the reaction that was I could have waited because Deep Blue may not have behaved fairly fairly during the tournament, but I mean Deep Blue cheated in a much more significant way instead of using intelligence.

The Deep Blues team at IBM realized that by the mid-1990s integrated circuits had become powerful enough to write a program that could analyze 200 million chess positions in a second could be launched ferociously at each move and countermove and delve into scenarios that could give you the best candidate move in each position. It was relentless and terrifying. Kasparov and others described the experience as a sensation. that an unstoppable wall, great and shadowy granite walls closing in on them, were engulfed by the power of the program, screw, creativity, imagination, insight, understanding and intelligence, this was a brute force calculation, as stupid but effectively destructive as a cyclone or a swarm of locusts, victory was not. artificial intelligence or even intelligence of any kind, simply the result of Moore's law, deep blue was a single-task calculating machine that, unfortunately, proved nothing more than that chess was not that difficult in the end and that it was not cracked It wasn't so much a triumph. or AI as a loss to chess facilitates exceptionalism Larry Tesler of Xerox to Kasparov chess ceased to be a realm for AI as Noam Chomsky commented that a computer winning chess is no more surprising than a forklift winning a weightlifting competition as Moore's law advances the humiliation that became even more entrenched In the face of humanity, very soon any home computer could do what Deep Blue did and defeat any living human without raising its circuits a degree Celsius higher, so the weapons sights were now set on the greatest exponents of the Chinese board game in the world.

The intricacies of the game with its 19-by-19 board and identical black and white stones are so unimaginably grotesque that, Moore's Law or not. Moore's law, brute force, is still decades away from being a solution compared to the ease of chess. The Shannon number is 10 to the 120th power. The game tree has a complexity of 10 to the 360th power. The observable universe has only 10 to the 80th power. atoms, you'll remember that most people would probably call the universe a breakthrough , a real test for real AI was presented and then to rise to the challenge came machine learning in the form of Demis Hassabis and his deep mind, AI acquired laterally by Google of course. that the plan was to fulfill the promise of artificial neural networks first raised by the fathers of AI thinkers and visionaries such as Marvin Minsky, the father of Frank Rosenblatt Reycarts and others in March 2016, long before the date in that Hassabis and his team had died suggests something profound.

The minds alphago program beat one of the best players in the game, Lucy Doll, and then in May of this year, the kg world champion fell to alphago, who could now be crowned world champion for those of us following the course of the AI. This really was a turning point unlike Brute force machine learning allows the computer to act on its own more or less unsupervised, able to discover its own strategies and heuristic procedures, given the smallest instructions and the most basic incentive. of stick and carrot, to reward oneself for victories and put oneself down for losses.

Demonstrated reinforcement learning. in itself capable of playing that is justified in the vision of go dominates the descriptions beautiful bold surprising creative imaginative in the journey and artistic Tesla's rule tries to say yes but yes but go is a closed abstract system it has no reference to anything outside of itself is isolated from the disorder and noise of the world, therefore, gaining it requires no real intelligence or alphaphago. Go is not understood any more than chess is well understood. Proponents of deep machine learning might point to IBM Watson's victory over the television quiz game Jeopardy. They think someone at IBM was pulling levers in the tradition of the Clockwork Turk or Professor Marvel in his tenth run of The Wizard of Oz, but for the rest of us this team demonstrated not only the expected ability of a computer to access, analyze and reproduce facts at lightning speed. speed, but also a commendable grasp of Jeopardy's perversely idiosyncratic inverted question-and-answer format, not to mention the devious puns, homophonous rhymes, and other forms of high-level wordplay necessary to understand the question in the first place, Watson , which is a lot of Of course, no master brain was offline while playing, but I had the entire Wikipedia integrated naturally plus over 200 million other pages of information and this is where it all gets interesting because the data I had to extract to be able to Play Go was really nothing more than the millions of games he had played with himself, while Jeopardy said that he needed to grind and refine his knowledge of the world in such a way that a television producer could consider it at least general, but Even if Watson only needed IBM could brag about Watson's victory as proof of how efficient fuel data can be when it comes to powering AI, after all, like the deep blue, Watson is first and foremost a promotional tool for IBM sales.

Google's translation department, which you must confess you have used, does not understand the language at all, nor does it even have the slightest knowledge of the syntax, semantics, phonemes orgrammar, but he has nevertheless addressed that the traveler's phrase book is a near-death blow and we must constantly remind ourselves that it is not. now, today, which will be in six months let alone a decade, so let's put together brute force, deep machine learning, reinforcement learning, language recognition, universal data mining and maybe we can recognize that we are starting to get closer to Something notable, the data, of course, is gasoline. that will fuel the engines of AI and the acquisition of big data is increasing, as I have said, exponentially, even if Moore's law is only about a decade away before it reaches the physical limits of the silicon capacity that awaits us in the new materials, indium and gallium arsenide.

To date, Sanjay's lab has killed titanium trisulfide and graphene nanotubes, not to mention the advances in qubit stabilization that are opening up the possibilities or perhaps I should say probabilities of quantum computing, all of this should convince us that the wall that came to garry kasparov, the wall that the exponential gradients have suddenly and devastatingly become such that that wall is almost upon us nothing can stop it nothing can stop the usual human nonsense that will result the first uses will be war and sex naturally armored exoskeletons that will force cyber companions unimaginable fantasy scenarios augmented and virtual realities mixed with reality, reality, in such a way that a lot of money is made and many ethical headaches are caused, but above all, be prepared for what that all advertising agencies and app development companies lazily and inaccurately claim AI will make meaningless claims like our unique and proprietary advanced AI system will monitor and improve your sleep or allow our unique AI engine to maximize value of his actions.

Yesterday they would have said they are unique in advanced proprietary algorithms and the day before that they would have said our unique and advanced proprietary code, but let's face it, they almost always talk about the most basic software routines. The letters a and i will be degraded and devalued by overuse in all fields in which humans work. Coffee machines. Light switches. Christmas trees will be marketers. Proficient in AI. AI experts or AI enabled. But despite this inevitable opportunistic nonsense, reality will bite as autonomous driving becomes the rule rather than the exception. More manual and administrative jobs will be taken over by artificial intelligence systems. the art market will be fooled by artificial intelligence paintings.

One day you will find music composed entirely by artificial intelligence. Having made it to the charts, scenarios devised by AI will become movies there, at least heralding a huge increase in Hollywood quality, all kinds of industrial, social and government systems will go to the AI ​​network and once connected to the matrix, as is the case with the electrical grid and the optimists, and I think I consider myself one of those who claim that repeated mechanical work, precision calculations and exhausting and repetitive work are nothing more than recent temporal elements of Our primitive phases in agriculture and industry are no longer natural and an inevitable part of human life than pulling oars on slave ships or picking potatoes for a feudal lord or sending children to chimneys, they say, we grant that work with gratitude to machines and we take comfort in more of the five-year-olds can do without thinking, such as tying their shoelaces, jumping into a dance, or catching a ball, are astonishingly difficult for machines, enough to be considered impossible for quite some time. long into the future so that we can dance, play cricket or baseball if necessary and leap into a bright tomorrow without tripping over our shoelaces while the machines stay in school and do all our work for us, pessimists point to the bad actors, the hackers, the extortionists, the terrorists, the perverts and thieves who will inevitably come close to holding the planet hostage by absorbing and hijacking artificial intelligence systems, corrupting them and turning them into weapons, what Photoshop does to fake still images is now can do with the moving image, we can now place a politician in a brothel and see him licking the honey of a prostitute, it is his word against ours that the scene is genuine. or tailoring and this fact, through endless false positives, will allow politicians to go to brothels and lick as much honey as they want or prostitutes will always be able to dismiss it as fake.

I saw this headline in the New York Post just three days ago. hackers could program sex robots to kill, we could expect a lot more of this kind of clickbait hysteria if we thought the Pandora jar that ruined the internet's utopian dream contained nasty creatures, just wait until the AI ​​has been overrun by the malicious, the greedy, the stupid and the Megillah, my maniac, I haven't even begun to address the effects of CRISPR-style gene editing, bionic augmentation, going metabolically transhuman, being the first human to live to 200 years old, it is generally accepted that he has probably already been born, anyone in this room is now. half my age and that's probably most of you, Ling almost certainly lived twice as long as I did, if you know what I mean, my nephews and God's children will probably reach 120, his children 200 or more , no one really doubts that we are sleepwalking into the Internet era and now we are going to sleepwalk into the era of artificial intelligence and biological improvement.

How can we make sense of so much of the futurology that is screaming in our ears from the cognitive revolution that gave us language 5,000 generations ago? of silent laboratory experiment on itself in which we have tried to understand who we are how we work how we got here where we could go we call philosophy of the laboratory experiment with its internal departments of logical epistemology the study and theory of the foundations and not of the knowledge, metaphysics, aesthetics and ethics, the starting salary for smart graduates in the field of AI who are recruited by large corporations is 500 thousand dollars a year, that is their entry level, which may bother some of You big corporations and government departments unfortunately don't employ philosophers at any salary and perhaps this is the time to call for a change so that ethicists have some presence in the corporate and medical world especially, but that's more like a protection against litigation that as an investment in understanding, isn't it fascinating that we are trembling?

We are on the verge of creating artificial intelligence exactly at the moment when we are making and confirming discoveries about our own evolutionarily acquired human intelligence that show us like never before how contingent, fragile, unconscious, involuntary and opaque our own natural minds and brains appear to be. sense of who we are and what makes us seem less solid philosophy neuroscience psychology cognitive studies and evolutionary psychology have converged in recent decades in the search for a deeper understanding of ourselves, for example Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky -zz work on The biases that underlie our judgment and decision making and the narrative elements of our memories show us how radically and irrevocably unreliable our conscious and unconscious Minds really are.

Raúl Martínez and others have shown as definitively as one could wish that free will is really an illusion or at least The best paradigm is that we can give vehicles autonomies that we do not seem to have, because it is clear that we are not in control of the car that we are ourselves. The self appears to be less a discrete entity than what Daniel Dennett calls a narrative center of gravity. You, Val, know the books of Aurora, sapiens and hama Deus, confirmed for general readers like me, how our most cherished thoughts, beliefs, institutions, world images and intellectual structures are myths that we can no longer trust the old capital letter, virtues, justice, virtue, truth, mercy, etc., has eggs. or gender, meaning or validity, a sense of human exceptionalism has taken numerous hits on this guy's body, the empathy and altruism we congratulate ourselves on turn out to be evolved stratagems no less likely to be found in amoebas and animals. feeding vampire bats.

They care for each other and can be seen sacrificing themselves for the greater good of the survival of their families and species just as impressively as we humans, the deontic inner voice, the divine conscience or the Kantian moral law that for so long time we thought we detected within us seems to be no different than an innate instinct or a stratagem programmed into us by evolution, just as Azimoff's prime directives will soon have to be programmed into robots, but the ironies don't end there, as that thanks to Darwin and genetics we have discovered how it evolved to become what it is.

We do not have the help of gods or intelligent designers. We are now in a position to confidently announce that by the end of this century there will be cognitively capable entities on the planet that are actually the result of intelligent design. We will be the intelligent designers. gods or at least the Prometheus who gives the divine spark to our creations Daniel Dennett articulated this ontological Mobius strip by looking at how a process without an intelligent designer can create intelligent designers who can then design things that allow us to understand how a process without an intelligent designer works. intelligent designer.

The designer can create intelligent designers who can then design things that you can unwrap when you get home, so if, like Prometheus, we were punished for this arrogance, we can't say we haven't warned ourselves. Greek and other myths warned us and when we did. growing up Ray Bradbury George Orwell Aldous Huxley Isaac Asimov Margaret Atwood Ridley Scott Anthony Burgess HG Wells Stanley Kubrick Kazuo Ishiguro philip k dick William Gibson John Wyndham James Cameron the Bukowskis, in their own way, have articulately, eloquently and repeatedly sounded the alarm, So we are asked to awaken to the thrill and excitement of creating autonomous sentient beings just at the moment when we realize how little autonomy we actually have and how little we really understand consciousness and cognition, there is another irony. or maybe it's not a It's an irony, but it's a tragedy.

All of this is also happening just at the time when humanity seems to be suffering from one of the greatest droughts of authority, unity and consensus. Never in our lives have we had less faith. It seems that there are responsible adults. in charge, who can guarantee that we do this right? There is no locus of authority, no intellectual, social or even moral center of gravity, the compass needle spins and there are no magnets to pull towards true moral north or true moral south. Christ on a bicycle. Let's look at who our current leaders are and ask if there could ever be a more disastrous world in which to unleash such absolutely transformative technology if at the height of our culture wars we can't agree that social justice is digital or the nature of equality. gender and identity, for example, how can we address issues such as cyber sex slaves, robotic warriors, AI detectives, machine-enabled security or automated trial and punishment?

The most cherished achievements of the Enlightenment and humanism could well be fatally wounded by real-world statistics and epidemiologies and genetic data that run counter to our most cherished beliefs, much less the manipulation of machines by extremist hackers and rival governments. so anyone can describe the dangers and threats what the response is. I'm glad I can tell you what the answer is. we trust we trust interested corporations alphabet Amazon Facebook Apple Microsoft we have faith that governments will get there we, as I and others have been pushing to finally tap into the great resource of world philosophy and ask David Chalmers and Saul Kripke Judith Butler Daniel Dennett Nick Bostrom Peter, singer and his tastes to guide us, you could say that everything is fine, we have this University of Oxford has the Institute of the Future of Humanity with philosophies, the leading thinker in AI, Nick Bostrom, as well as Garry Kasparov in his research and teaching staff, Elon.

Musk has founded Open AI and advises on the Future of Life Institute in Boston with Max Tegmark and other heroes and what we could call the Musk movement has alsohelped Miri from Berkeley, the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute founded by Lisa Kowski, the machine that my alma mater in Cambridge has, the Leverhulme. Center for the Future of Intelligence, while Caltech Stanford MIT Princeton and this historic and magnificent Mary Hill institution are doing their part when it comes to arming us for the future, but are they united enough with the rest of the academia and the world in general?

I remember when I was chancellor of the University of Dundee in Scotland for eight years I was surprised that the School of Computing there had so little contact with other departments that it didn't help with networking, programming, payroll, statistical analysis or any notable form of interdisciplinarity. research that seemed to me a terrible waste, if I were the principal or rector of a large university now, I would instantly commission urgent reports from the head of each department on the next impact of an eye on their discipline and the likely effect on their graduates. As I head out into the working world, I would also insist that everyone read everyone else's report.

I would be happy to close my university until I felt like everyone is on board and we are ready, because you know we live in a floodplain and a big storm is coming. Perhaps the most urgent need may seem contradictory, well, the specialized bodies and institutions I have mentioned are necessary, surely we must redouble our efforts to understand who we humans are before we can begin to grapple with the nature of what machines can or No. Be it so, the arts and humanities seem more important to me than ever. We need to understand our soul. The spirit sends a beauty.

Sense of humor. Empathy. Love. Jealousy. Rage. Hate. Boredom. Surprise. Enmity. Faith. Loyal. Art. We will have to be human and fulfill and develop our true nature to the fullest, one of the reasons I was so happy to be asked to give these

lecture

s from the Shannon luminaries that listen to you people whose reputation was based on science, technology, engineering and mathematics are so open. to look inward, to the human heart, Bell Labs seems, as always, to get it right. Often, of course, I don't have answers that most of you here haven't thought of. I hope that I can at least add my voice to the public conversation as that decibel by decibel the amplitude of our sound wave rises enough to reach the ears of the institutions and bodies of power the decibel of course as this great institution carries the Alexander Graham Bell's name is unfortunately a logarithmic unit so increasing our noise by a bit will take quite a bit of shouting, especially when many of those we are trying to address appear to be deaf, but then, Alexander Graham Bell always wanted to be remembered not as the inventor of the telephone, but as a pioneer in his original field as a teacher of the deaf so that's it commit to continue with his work now the bell rings I thank you very much and you resign you win the award for the longest applause oh good relief I'm sure that I only know I made that bitter Soundcloud and a few days ago incentives, they are good people, only there is a website called SoundCloud dot orgs.

I mean, they just load your text and it activates the moment you do, so please, Will was right. He always used to make the terrible joke that while some people are always worried about whether we are part of our genes or our upbringing, they always forget this question of human will. I said it's not a question of whether nature and nurture are just a question. of nature, caring and knowing your will is important, that was just a fantastic pleasure, apart from obviously reading the hate fest in a lecture, but you go, you took that and amplified it further, everything was possible and Oh, beautiful references to science and Bell.

Labs and and, but it all wove into a lovely, lovely narrative, so what cursed me was that we had Yan Laocoon here, obviously one of the younger founders of the AI ​​band, obviously invented as convolutional neural networks and we talked to him and said: The reason you work on neural networks is to understand how it thinks and I wonder if, in fact, it's a coincidence that you point out that these things are happening at the same time. In fact, there is a group of people with threads and the like who really want to build AI Model models with machine learning models to better understand who we think and by doing so maybe that's how we master the machine because we end up understanding ourselves a little more and that's why this dilemma you have of, do you know how we can? possibly control the machine when we generally agree with ourselves, maybe we're both actually completely okay with that and I said, you know, I think one of the most pressing reasons for us to redouble our efforts to understand ourselves it's because of course we'll have more time to be ourselves and you know, obviously I'm the dress for all the universal basic income X issues and all the other kinds of economic and political consequences that could come from this, but it was also very interesting for me to read a little about the history of Bell Labs and, as you will see, this story has these explosive moments, there are actually some kind of nuclear explosions and it is curious that it has appeared in the news, obviously, for quite dark reasons, but The American Civil War was one of them and one of the reasons why I remember my right to different gore Vidal always told me, since you even have to realize that it had nothing to do with slavery, well, it had this that do with slavery, the rest of the world would not trade with the United States while it lasted.

Since the United States had a workforce that didn't need to be paid, it was an unfair business and that's why the North wanted to get rid of slavery so they could trade with the rest of the world, well, now there are complicated truths, but what's fascinating is that in the The shortest possible time after the Civil War was when this explosion occurred and obviously there was something like that. There is one theme that continues to resonate, which is the connection of the United States, the transcontinental railroad line. I love all these things that keep repeating like a rhythm, you know the big four of San Francisco and them at the Golden Spike, while the two lines met and America was covered and one of them was Leland Stanford, who gave it his all his money to form the university that bears his name Stanford and, of course, when Claude, when William Shockley went to Palo Alto, Stanford University was getting big and Stanford invented the mouse. and then everything developed from that end and at the same time there was the Telegraph there and Western Union, as you probably know, Pony Express lasted for days after they completed the cable between the United States, since it took a hundred and ten days for the West to discover the death of President Harding one hundred and ten days and then the next president was the assassination of Lincoln, the world knew it instantly thanks to the Telegraph and Ezra Cornell, who was president of Western Union, gave his money to a university also Cornell and then they get this and here in New Jersey and it's so obvious that Menlo Park when Edison was and Princeton, of course, and the Institute for Advanced Study there and the incredible influence of Faja and people like that.

Continue with information mathematics in general, but also with Edison and Tesla and trying to bring electricity to the entire United States and how do you do that in the domestic business of ACDC and the business of having to rectify the current in the first place, which which was necessary for phones, obviously. you had to do it, you had to do that and then Alexander Graham Bell, how did you get across the telephone wire? Because unlike the Telegraph, they tell a ground wire that it takes a lot more, which is why these tubes king and then I love them.

In fact, in October I did totally the same thing, I just wanted to get involved in transcontinental radio broadcasting, so all these technologies arrive suddenly and then of course the automobile arrived well and all within the same beginning of the same decade in a moment. All of these technologies completely defined the 20th century and they all had these ambitions and of course they were all made of materials that, you know, Edison could sit in his lab and try different metals for a filament until he hit upon tungsten and then he was the light bulb, but thirty years later that was really impossible.

What you're doing with gallium arsenide is not something you can do on an open lab table with Bunsen burners, you need some liquid helium and wow! I'm fascinated because obviously Ray Kurzweil has had this idea of ​​the singularity where everything yes, but if the exponent goes on the exponent and it's out of control, but in fact we and we are on your wall, which is very well represented, often then it stagnates and so on. with animals, of course, in populations it does so because they exceed the carrying capacity that animals could have, but do you think that in a human species it stagnates because we talked about this last night, which is that in the end we arrive at something that we perfect and in that? perfection stage, there are smaller increments, yes, so we plateau and then there is a delay before the next phase of disruption, so we don't actually end up going like that, we end up going in phases that are more manageable, do you think ? that seems like it doesn't seem to be the case and I you know, I think it's um there's a word for this and I can't figure out what it is is it a word in logic or is it named after a person but it's essentially when you sound a warning by sounding it. , it's no longer true, but if you don't do it, what you're worried about will happen and you know what I mean, yeah, oh, you say if we don't build traffic lights here, that kid will leave. to die, they built the traffic lights, so that's your Clarion bills, so in the sense that it's the bell and we feel comfortable on the curve and it's the only logo yet or but not III.

I think you're right and in the sense that we've had since the advent of the eye for the end of smartphones in general and that kind of when we had a little bit of stagnation. The year 2007 was the way, you know, Twitter was Facebook was really taking off. Twitter was coming and since then things have happened. He's a dad and they're going to get it. I think we're all sorry to be back, in particular, saying goodbye to the smartphone, yes, you hope so, and then, of course, all those cloud-based systems that analyze every single piece of data coming from every lo physically and the system and physiologically is having it all, there will be a big one, there will be a, you know, it's just a terrible collapse of things.

I don't know how you know, we're all so scared that you know they've done it. There have been ransomware attacks that have been pretty disastrous, but maybe there will be a big one that will make us kind of pause and reorder government things. I never knew that, so the other part I find really fascinating is that you point out the aesthetics. and cognition, art and beauty have to be part of this equation this time, why do you believe so strongly that it's not just a convenient thing, so it's not just a nice thing for an artist to say?

Well, I think it is because we can watch. in the calculations and what the machines can do in terms of calculation and of course they can get very close to how the Alphas go, yes, and a long time ago that experiment was carried out somewhere in Northern California where they played three pieces. of music one was by park another was by a contemporary baroque composer and another was by a computer and the majority thought that the other baroque composer was the computer and many thought that the cortex was the computer and the majority thought that the computer was the cortex like this You know you can fool people and like I said you know there will be headlines because we love to make fun of the art market and you know that a CG art movie is going to fool someone so we have to be very sure of what we're going to do . examine well what we really value, what it is that we are valuing and Moravec, you know the paradoxes or all that, and it's interesting because you know that we will be owners, we will start to value only the things that are particular to us, as if we didn't . value, I mean chess is still wonderful among humans, but it doesn't have a prestige, it doesn't and I guess go doesn't have one among go Pez either in the sense that you know they can see how amazing the machine can do. but certain things still will and comedy and acting and things that make you cry things that that particular emotion causes us to him oh yeah and we all used to laugh it was almost a sci-fi cliché you already know Star Trek TNG The facts always they were asking Captain Picard what it's like to feel, I can't tell you, and then they disconnect you into the eternalism of an ocean ship and all that, but you know, with so much Star Trek, they were addressing something that's very fundamental.

If you think a little bit about a machine and assume how we will make more machines, we will decide to make them absolutely like machines so that they don't even begin to look like something human, more like what went through the, you know. the gui of an apple suddenlyThey thought, wait, we don't want the address book to have little fake rings, like making it like a Rolodex, you know, why do we pretend to look like we belong in the real thing? world and perhaps we demand that computers be cold, sterile and hard things. The idea of ​​creating this uncanny valley concept of you, if you bring them too close to us, we reject them, so you keep them in a realm where they are separable, but useful, yes, exactly and we must, I'm sure, start valuing the things more like our own smell.

You know that the true dirt and grainy lack of its quiddity of us, the absolute nature of our humanity, will become something infinitely more precious and my hope is that that unites us, of course, you know, there's always the gritty part. , dirty and grainy of us, which is actually what yes, we will value, we will see some of the things that we will explore if the machines are busy doing, you know. Japan about six months ago they laid off sixty white collar workers in an insurance office and replaced it with an artificial intelligence system so you know the white collar invasion has started, but people always say it's more important than blue collar, He is extraordinarily rude and snobbish. but then why do they do that, but I guess it's because

journalist

s are white collar workers, exactly so the reporter feels like that once, all that, yes, once, all the things that are repetitive and boring and that don't we need or want to do after all.

You scientists get computers to do your big calculations since you first used them, computers were always sure what to do the sums for you, so you didn't have to do it, you know, you got a cramp in your wrist. on the board, that's how everyone got to be here they we didn't exactly want to there are so many things we don't want to do and if you really make a list of all the things we hate to do then give it to the machines and that's what we've done new story, you know, vacuuming, washing dishes and watching TV so we can have a tape recorder to watch TV for us, but you know, in general, machines do the things we don't want to do, you know the idea that We're having. machines to do things that give us real pleasure, touch and tickle, you know, we have this higher level function which is this delight function, we talk about the hedonic princess, so we can't spend as much time there. because we consider Monday and, as Harare and many other writers have shown us, it really is one of those things where it is obvious that you are rubbing your eyes, something bad, why didn't I think of that?

There is nothing natural and inevitable about work, it is just nonsense. Thinking it's obvious that we would like to mine the earth's riches on the surface of the earth to harvest nature's bounty to feed ourselves, we do so now on an excessively massive scale, yes that takes work, but a lot of that work we don't need it we don't really need it we have agricultural machines etc because Harare claims you know the Agricultural Revolution was a mistake it was a big mistake it enslaved the people here suddenly we. They are a fee for our Lords of leisure and we had to work on it he calculates, I don't remember what it is but basically he said that you can say that hunter-gatherers work in terms of hunting and gathering maybe three hours a day and not necessarily every day the rest are walking moving camping, you know, they obviously don't have villages or settlements and they are very healthy and seem much happier, the few that remain don't. the cave paintings had smiling faces, yes, exactly, while the peasants constantly lived in the countryside to bring back food that doesn't even belong to them because they have been the nasty kings so and so and then the Industrial Revolution magnified that.

It's terrible, there have been a number of mistakes since then, you could argue in terms of our work and that may be and is a blip in the history of humanity, so we can see that those days are over, we don't have to and if we decide that they don't have to work and if Moore's Law and its developments and the things that you're doing with robotics and everything else really come together the way we think they might, then it can be a very exciting time. and extraordinary for human beings, but you know, I would suggest that poetry and understanding, etc., in large part, otherwise we will go back to spinning like one of those Star Trek planets that apparently live in a golden age in which there are boys and girls exploiting.

The curls are bouncing and naturally a little empty-headed, you know, I like the Star Trek thing because I think if you think about where Star Trek predicted the future, we'll go out exploring again and one thing Harari says is When You Know when expansion generally occurs in human existence, it's based on the premise that we don't understand everything and we go out and find new knowledge, so the beginning was new frontiers in space, whether it's space or not, I guess it's cognitive. The aesthetic is the scientific and the scientific will go out and discover new things with the extra time that we have created and that will create the next phase of existence absolutely so it would be and another thing that Star Trek achieved is not fantastic, is it?

Obviously, venting tachyon rays with a large magnitude one was for Nietzsche to mention Nietzsche, as they call him in America, he read that book about the birth of tragedy and he mentioned how Greek tragedy in the Greek arts and so on so perfectly expressed the two elements of humanity, the Apollonians, he called them. and the Dionysian i Dionysus, the god of revelry, fury, foam, fierceness and excess, appetite and lust, and the Apollonian, who was harmony, beauty, rhetoric, speech, logic and understanding, and he understood that the DJ's point was that the Greeks had They come from a tribal existence that fights bloodlust, you know, I just won a cross and then I settled down and somehow we didn't understand how it became this remarkable civilization, but they still contain that Dionysian side and, furthermore, they put the beauty of their harmony and their logic and their understanding and their scientific vision and that tragedies draw attention between these two, we can never get rid of it and Star Trek does exactly the same, the original Star Trek has on one side someone who is all Apollonian logic in the form of spark and in the form of McCoy, they have someone who is an old blood monster and in the middle you have the man who is constantly trying to be the perfect human who is a mix of both, he has the emotional side and the childish point for not having it, but also his bones shine for being too nice and not only that, but they go to the planets. where usually there is a mistake, one of the planets is wild and needs a touch of logic and order or it is all logic and order, that is really some humanity and you need a little bit and of course these are the things that we now examine.

Because we're now looking at the Machine, we're not going to assign gender to the machines, I guess maybe there will be a big push to program the machines one way or another and you'll have cisgender machines and you'll be fluent in the genuine "she's not." I don't know that's a very good idea, other than the robotic side of you, it's a completely different area, but like a different trait, but if you're genderless I don't even mean if you burn anything that comes close to an immoral prayer, that's very difficult because we do not agree in a moral sense, you know, we can agree in language, if I say bottle, more or less we all understand what I mean by bottle, but if I say freedom, each of us will have a meaning different.

Trump has a completely different sense of freedom than I understand and you know that's true for a lot of very important words that mean a lot to us justice, virtue, virtue and these are not things that we can agree on and so who is the program and if you actually dive into the data lake and learn to swim, which is essentially what machine learning is, is just dive in and learn to swim, it can become something that collects very nasty sewage. From the data, some chatbots have almost certainly been shown to replicate wastewater. Yes, because they spread.

It does exactly those things. I could go on forever, but it's actually your turn so the audience can ask a question. No no. a couple of questions and then some of you have the golden ticket back to your Willy Wonka t-shirts. Would they use the golden ticket? Oh, they're down here because I'm coming to say hello later, yeah, the rest. We're saying goodbye and we're all somewhere, but anyway, questions. Oh, there was the lady. Thanks Steven for such a fascinating tonal discussion. We've watched your shows and the whole family is a fan of the shows, so first of all I want to say, actually.

Two questions come to mind: one is Asimov's literary work and his I Robot and its Laws of Robotics. Yeah, do you think that as we've seen technology advance over the last 60 years from some of the rotating books, we need these kinds of laws that govern how robots, a machine should work and what do you think about that and secondly, AI, so as a

comedian

and actor, you would say that if a machine can laugh heartily at your jokes, you can bet it would be the epitome of AI, that's a good test for applause on Friday, a wonderful thought, well, in firstly, just about Isaac Asimov Finlay and the Three Laws of Robotics, which are: first, that a robot does not kill a human, second, that a robot is always a human bear, except where it correlates with the first and the third is just take care of yourself, you have to defend yourself, except again we are one and two are broken and that is, it's brilliant, I mean, distilled from what a great constitutional lawyer azimoff would have done.

I think it's interesting and I think. They are very wise and sensible and there is no doubt, especially when you look at the possibility of a BOTS warrior, you know that we are all living in an era of drones that we would never have believed 20 years ago; it would have just been science fiction again. and as arthur c clarke said, you know that everything you can't explain in technology is magical until you explain it, it has the function of magic and it appears to be magical and then science fiction has been a wonderful petri dish. in which these various cultures and futures have grown up and we've looked at them and it's amazing how impressive they are, well, one thing that hasn't offered anything predicted is that there is a pretty strong movement, so if any of you have children, what You're going to ask, you know, suppose you want, what do you suggest they study at the university?

It can be done with machines with intelligent machines, but there has also been a big let's eliminate, there should be a Constitution for robots, the rights of robots must be respected and children, it's absurd, but you know, that's it again , it's, it's, it's, it's, it's, we're wanting to print. in a human sense of what is the only decent and correct thing in a robot and we are already privileged with a slight sense of life, you know, and there have been many interesting and more feisty people, yes, we are always exactly a Peter Singh. was written very interestingly about do you know if the chimpanzee has human rights and because it is a human it is just not a coma sapien, yes, but you know it is in the sense that it is from the primates, you know the word human from Anyway, the lawyers are looking into that.

So that's pretty much one side, isn't it? So it's the new Turing test, yes, castration, that ISM comedy. I mean, you know, I mean, comedy really is one of those horror movie, porn, comedy things, and I guess it's very sad. Romance is capable of causing us to make noises and physical responses that actually change our bodies, our body temperature just by exposing them. A good joke, you can't let yourself make a similar noise with a scare like that. a noise and there's a very extraordinary reflection and it's deeply human and you can't have time to stop and think about it, it's absolutely, it just happens, you know?

And I guess that's probably the best proof you can have. I know you remember Liza or the first therapies that therapists had as a kind of computer-smart therapist, I mean, it goes back to 1979, you could get it on a kind of common, single computer and I'm just saying, I don't feel very good. . I'm sorry to hear that you're not feeling well. It was quite convincing. It wouldn't pass the Turing test, but it certainly couldn't laugh at you. In fact, you might catch it. saying I have this joke why is the chair and I would say haha ​​that's very good I have your number so I like that idea of ​​vestigial things that things in the cerebellum maybe so guttural and instinctive yes, that's the real evidence I think things limbic limbic things you can't and I think the other one that I always remember about someone pointed out recently about virtual reality experiences the reason you throw up when it's out of sync all the latency is not correct is because there's just a human disorientation which is historical and it is the poison, so if you think about it, the only thing we would have protected 20,000 years ago, yes, that would have disoriented us, would have been themagic mushroom poison, therefore you know you evolved.

And that's the only thing we still have: vertigo, disorientation, we have a vomit reflex, it seems inappropriate, but it actually does its job, it prevents you from doing something like that and that's why we've never replaced it, but from your point of view, that A set of things is what we will test, yes, whether you are human or not, yes, I mean, of course, the interesting thing is what it will do with the religions that, of course, have had during some period of our history and primacy and telling us that they know a lot about our destiny, where we come from, who made us, etc., and how they will respond to this coming wave, because I suspect they probably aren't that prepared, no it's not such a happy problem, no it's not HE.

I don't think they're unhappy with that, but again I want to say that the history of religion over the years has been that it's a little bit like that's not AI, Tesla's tradition about itself, the moment when The machine can do it, it can't. not the AI ​​and the religious, God did everything and then we showed what he didn't know, she did that, but it's okay, you did everything else, I'm not that small and we didn't know that science has taken bigger and bigger bites and I left religion very little but you know that although I am not a believer I do not want to waste my time being rude and cruel to devout people of pious faith who mess with the rest of the world and get along. with their lives you're fine, but it's going to be an interesting challenge for people like Harare, for example, is essentially functionally a non-religious Buddhist and there's that chapter that we just throw in about why Buddhism is true and then if you've seen it. big yellow book recently, so there's kind of a movement towards something like the seventh in the template of things, yes, I'm taking exactly that they're taking the best parts of the philosophies and Buddhist philosophy, if you will, but without which necessarily makes him a Thea. kind of focused study, I think you're right, I think that's where we'll probably end up, which isn't a bad thing, another question, okay, there you go, oh, right behind you, Barbie, yeah, the other one behind you , Steven, thank you very much, wonderful, wonderful.

Speech I am very glad to have had the opportunity to listen to you. What you raise is a question for me. What did you mention about her? that gave us some breakthroughs that allowed us to think that James Burke talked about it in his book where that movement of the Egyptians and culture and civilization, although we became slaves of the countryside, then allowed art and other things to happen in the science and technology and As a result, humans advanced and if we are in the next stage where it looks like we are going to have another great advance in leisure where we will not need to work as much, we will give this to the machines, how do we can?

I see it doing something that allows us to economically provide every human being on the planet with food and shelter, the things we've been very successful at lately, so weak as our population grows. I don't imagine that capitalism will achieve it and I don't know where. Let's go from there, yes I hope my question crystallizes what I'm asking you, no, I understand what this technological change is like because I was also reading Marcus' book about our future x10, where if we produce these massive changes and we need to work . If I don't need to work, how will I eat?

Yes, okay, okay, okay, okay, the disease affects you when reading Marcus' books. Yes, I thought about it, but no money changed hands either. I know these are really important and interesting questions, the first one, I guess. It would seem that inertia and leisure is a word as new as this idea that humanity has to work all the time. It would be a meaningless word to a hunter-gatherer or people from previous cultures because life, work and things were there. kind of a continuum, there was a continuum if you like them and you didn't distinguish between them and it would be nice to get back to that so that we wouldn't even think that you know life is life and there isn't any. a great movie called let the people sing, that Alastair sim is a music director and the nasty movie comes a nasty company a cold cold company closes the city concert hall and the capitalist is what people do in their leisure. your own business and Alastair sim says gentlemen gentlemen gentlemen there is no such thing as time in free time only exists and that is because you know that the idea of ​​free time is an insult to the human spirit and if we can and the further we move away from that in what better, but the point is still the transfer to the air Cultural Revolution, you could watch the entire movies to make calories cheaper and we have made calories incredibly cheaper, there is hard work, but we, Phyllis, I was looking at my belly, you know, I mean , this is inconceivable I know someone, a Kalahari bushman, who once had a belly like mine and knows that he uses it, gets his calories and spends them.

You know that kind of balance that most people, most animals have, in fact, and that's how we as animals always use. and somehow we decided that we could store calories in the most incredible way, but through agriculture as we know it and so on, and now we get to this point where the machines are going to do a lot, but it will still be billions of people, and it was at now seven eight billion and it's getting to nine or something like that, isn't that okay? There's Bill Gates, who obviously knows a lot these days about the developed world, as well as everything else he's suggested, which is a very good idea, and the attacks on robotics and AI, which sounds strange, but you're actually charging them. taxes as if they were workers so that the money they earn with the work they do does not all go only to the owner of the robot and the owner of the company's bosses.

AI, but it has been extended to provide what is known as ubi, which is Latin for where we will be, is universal basic income, this idea that yes, red capitalism in tooth and claw will probably never work for the majority of the population here, but some kind of planned economy, which is what used to be called a mixed economy, so to speak, lightly planned but not so socialist, is what would make everyone's blood run cold in America and that seems to be the most sensible. and obviously it takes a lot of heads together and this is the problem with living in a time where tribalism and nativism seem to be on the rise when it should be the other way around, we should come together to address this problem like we should come together to address climate change, these These are things that I need us to put aside the petty, absurd differences between us and work on this, so I don't know when a politician will emerge with the guts to say this and the strength to do it.

You know you need every country to do it. having someone a bit like Justin Trudeau who has a glimmer of understanding and seems to be nice and smart enough at this point, all politicians disappoint in the end, that's not an FRA rule, we could have done absolutely right, we just was someone who wrote that all politics ends in failure, others do, yes, very definition, yes, in fact, yes, and, then, you need it and of course we can get it, we just need to cry out loud and he needs those to be your communicators to include him more in the conversation.

This is being analyzed more and more and this is again the reason why I want to go back to Khadeem eeeh because I think that, as I say, if every if the economics department of a university was investigating both, of course, you are investigating what it can promise them. to your students when they graduate and push them into the working world what you may project will be there for them to do, so prepare them appropriately, but you're also trying to work like universities and this lab do. it's what you're trying to give the world information that's useful and technology and understanding that's useful and and economists have really disgraced themselves with their obsession with algorithms and using them to, you know, make a fortune in the markets and so on.

Maybe it's time for us economists to also step back a little and they go back to a little more Keynesian principles and, as I say, it's just necessary to get the university directors together, what a friend of mine once said, look what's happening. collective. noun for university principals is a lack of principles I'm going to ask a related question there, so now we are in a world where money has accumulated in the pockets of a few yes and few have become deterministic of successful progress towards this future you could argue that there were monopolies in the past that there were before, probably gentlemen, yes, scientists, that's the pace that followed the railroads, of course, and the Rockefeller law was broken and now we're back on one of those River Bell managed to avoid that embarrassment of an antitrust, of course, yes, but you'll actually say some of them and maybe your point is that some of the pioneering happens under those circumstances because you have those people who come along. together and motivated and we have the assets to address, so we are optimistic and then today's money and lies could be the fuel that gives us the next wave of innovation, but is a moral compass needed?

I mean, obviously it's I mean Google, Amazon and Facebook in particular are collecting data like Mr. The Permanent Rate, which makes them ask for some of the money, but it's also saving this data to make even more money, since Data, as we know, is the fuel of new technology and we are very lucky, I didn't have much respect. because in the eighties Bill Gates because he thought Windows was so clunky and ugly and unpleasant that it was holding back computing, but I think you know him, Warren Buffett, and that goes back to another great titan, a vicious man who had a monopoly that He would stumble upon Morgan created US Steel and that was Andrew Carnegie, but who then came back to Scotland spent a year, you know, tracking down, building a golf course, building a golf course, made face, but also thinking, and he came back and said, "Anyone like me who dies with money is a failure.

Me and he gave it to me. You know, he founded the Carnegie libraries and museums and the Carnegie Mellon and there's a Carnegie Hall, etc., and this became, you know , in something interesting and Warren Buffett then repeated it and said to his friend Bill Gates, I know you have to do like me, you have to give away all your money, there is no reason for you, dad, all this money to be gone, you can change the world and this is where again they chose that there is a, you know. A few years ago we had the New Atheists, who are sometimes included, now we have the new optimists Steven Pinker and people like that who point out that the world has never been like this, you know, we've never had more educated women, you know?

Not only am I more, but proportional to the population of the world, things are getting better, Molalla's influence has been enormous and you know, and many others, but her halo is obviously the one we think about, but you also think about the education and health outcomes. They are getting better and better in the third world, of course, it is still necessary to be attentive to the situation, but things are improving and I hope that the example of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett will force other people of that nature to realize that This huge amount of money that they have can do really exciting things and in the end people like that, whether it's a Peter Teal or whatever, you may not approve of these people in every way, but you know their political direction, but it is somewhat irrelevant, the best thing is You can always guarantee that they are vain, they want to see their name on a building and a university and in perpetuity on those buildings or the largest ones, that is interesting, yes, vanity drives the good behavior, yes, it is absolutely when you are rich, from the alphabet to Zuckerberg.

We do one more and then the lucky golden ticket holders, the oompa-loompas with her, but they can go up and spend time and then we'll have to finish so the last ones on stage attack me, what do you think about this? The war against science and what is the best weapon we have to win it as rational people. That is a good question. It's immensely discouraging how many times people have told me that science doesn't know everything. It is whether it is a meaningful comment. as if that means that anything is, therefore, salable what science doesn't know everything else yes, in that case the world there are angels right there, but Stephen Jay Gould I remember he had something like it was a figure a little misses a big smart panel and he read a lot of interesting books on genetics and evolution and things like that, but he had this idea that he called Noma non-overlapping teaching in which he suggested that science go ahead with scientific things and overlapping couldn't be achieved .

They go about their business, but in reality there is nothing that does not overlap with science, science is a human search, it is not a special sandbox, a sterilized and protected place where certain types of genetically disposed people go, although obviously They are looking at you, French professor. the rumen is fair enough, but no, I mean, it is so beautiful, wonderful and extraordinary what science gives us, it isso incredible that the power of observation and testing and verification and enthusiasm advances and I, you know, it's what every scientist repeats. It is time and time Science is an expression of the limits of what we do not know It is not knowing things It is what excites scientists It is not so brilliant We do not know We do not know what is going to happen We do not know How this process works We do not know why it works we don't know what's going to happen when I put this on one end and what's going to come out on the other we have ideas and we have frameworks and obviously there are some verifiable things, I mean, all seven, you know, these lights are on, I don't know. have stopped and there's a lot of science behind them, you know, you look at Faraday and I think I think partly because of me because you know my love is telling stories and listening. stories read stories read novels write books drama and so on and I think it's a very natural human way of understanding ideas by telling them in a story and I think I think I died, you know, I personally, if I were a billionaire, I would have a science channel that It wasn't like the ones we have, but it was, you know, it assumed you know the lives of these extraordinary people and it told the story of Faraday and Maxwell Thomson and all these extraordinary people and Einstein and you know. and how they did what they did not in a romantic way but in a way that opened it up to everyone because it's very, very difficult to understand why people resist science until you see that it's actually very easy and that's because they don't.

They understand, they just don't understand it. I don't understand some of the things you guys do every day. It is beyond. If I looked at one of their boards, my head would just hurt. Do you know? you would be very kind and say oh no, no, no, it's quite simple, it's this and then I would get lost very, very quickly, but I can pick up some of the ideas and I can see what comes from them and I guess we have In Britain we had to Richard Dawkins, who was the professor of understanding science at Oxford and that was a very good decision, unfortunately for many, it made some people see science, therefore, through Richard's eyes, it is a group decent, charming, funny. man, but he's always portrayed as kind of strident, cruel and soulless and spiritless, all selfish, yes, which is a misrepresentation of him, but unfortunately that's how things go.

Carl Sagan deGrasse Tyson here and you know there's and he's also not Phil Knight Bill Nye, the scientist, everyone is trying to beat the drum and everyone is trying to remind people of our beautiful sciences and how the scientific principle of the idea is so magnificent and open to all. I guess I can't give an answer as to how you attack him. There have been errors on the part of philosophy and logical positivism and scientism in the past has suggested that the world is known, but the best of the science of mathematics is not. constantly telling you that nothing is solved, you know that it appeared towards the end of the 19th century, when everyone thought that mathematics was solved there and then you know that Hilbert's problems and Bertrand Russell's paradox arrived and suddenly I am upset and somewhat incomplete and of suddenly everything was exciting again because science doesn't like to solve things and say it's already solved, it's actually more exciting when you can say look, suddenly everything is up for grabs, everything is exciting again and I guess what is it? the problem in that narrative.

I think it's that you have to be confident because your point of view on others will jump out and say, well, clearly science doesn't have, yeah, they'll fill the space, so I felt like if you create a space that's empty, um, yeah. , we don't understand it. others put their ideas there, there is a feeling that it causes more difficulty in some ways because now they have a native report, they abhor the knowledge gap in all the other perspectives, it's kind of funny, since science has proven it in recent times a hundred years. years how empty, empty, this table is right, the spaces between the atoms are so immensely vast that they will not be measurable, obviously, quite measurable Baba.

I love the idea that what we're missing, and I think this comes back to cognitive, is that we need better storytellers. about what science is, I think that's it, and then I think the willingness of others to fill the empty container will be less because the narrative here is very interesting, and I think there's only one thing that I just realized when I was doing this wonderful tour this morning. I realized how wrong the phrase machine learning is because it is actually human learning. We are asking machines to learn in the same way that children learn to speak languages.

We ask you to dive deep and just through exposure. Terry baby, yeah. Jeopardy rules or the rules of Go or the rules of any particular system to learn them and repeat them and, in fact, it's also wonderful because there should be a reciprocity there. I think humans should start learning like this even more than they do, maybe. that maybe the future is that we teach humans to learn science the same way we teach machines to learn humanity and that we actually include people in more exciting things, change the way science is taught Obviously, the fundamentals of mathematics are never going to go away. the language in which most of science is expressed, but there are still many things that are absolutely correct because of course your master machine, if you weren't teaching it the formulas, the formalism with examples and you can see here is the narrative, you need to tell me the answer. but that's exactly how you can teach a child instead of focusing on the formula because in the end the formula that we never use correctly on a daily basis or a machine can calculate it for you as long as you know the input and output yeah and then a machine. it contains the formulas that's right, those two of us can experiment like this yeah, I mean, I think that's a lovely way to think about it the symbiosis of man and machine inventing the future we have to say thank you just because you have a little person who knows so There's a little person we have to give you, oh, you have to take the little person home with a cybernetic doll.

It doesn't have some of the degrees of freedom that you might want, but here's a statute and it's. Shannon, oh there you go, it's you, oh it's glorious and look at Shannon's unicycle in information theory, it spins around, it's magnificent, thank you so much, shake your hand, thank you Hank, everyone, thank you so much , sweetheart, bless you, thank you, you can sit here, oh, tome. Here it is, good toy, what they are going to do at court, so thank you all and by the way, no one has ever stayed, oh so long, usually the doors open and the flood, but thanks to all and Ellen to you and then I will see you in the other supermarkets.

Thank you so much.