Neurology | Limbic System Anatomy & Function

It is involved in sexual orgasms and sexual desire itself, so this can increase your sexual activity and increase blood flow. organ there so you know that type of process, the other thing is that you have that purple nucleus, remember that purple nucleus that we found in the entire preoptic area, it was called medial preoptic nucleus, medial preoptic. -the optic nucleus releases which hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone gypsum is stimulated in male testosterone and testosterone also has ways to increase your sexual desire, so it depends on your current emotional state, maybe you feel good, your amygdala can tell these nuclei to help you with the sexual conduction activity, that's fine. covers eating and sexuality, now let's cover motivational behaviors, okay, so the last behavior you're involved in is motivational behavior, okay, and in our target type of directed behavior now, this is what the amygdala looks like. which can be an unfortunate aspect in certain individuals.

Let's use a classic case of drug abuse or substance abuse right in these situations, maybe if someone is using drugs or substances it can cause a feeling of euphoria, a feeling of feeling really good and what happens is the amygdala, what? remember? We can connect that connection that we had with the septal area or we can connect it with the hypothalamus, we said right through the analysis of the striatum or the ventral amygdalofuga pathway, either from the septal area and from the hypothalamus both can communicate with the ventral tegmental area is the large here the ventral tegmental area located within the brainstem its ventral tegmental area what did we say? that area is special for the ventral tegmental areas where there is a lot of dopamine, so what I want you to remember is that this is where there is a lot of dopaminergic neurons are fine, so from the ventral tegmental area you can send your aquatic axons up to keep this diagram from going crazy.

There are two cores. I want you to remember this blue that is this one here and this purple that is this one here. Blue nucleus, very important, I need you to remember that this is called the nucleus accumbens, okay, that's this one here, so this purple area around your cerebral cortex will be this, it's called the prefrontal cortex, we've seen this everywhere. the right place for your amygdala, depending on particular types of emotions, perhaps from drug abuse, to communicate with your hypothalamus, your septal area tells your ventral tegmental area, the ventral tegmental area sends dopaminergic neurons to where you are the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex, there are particular names for these pathways that you I just have to know that this pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the prefrontal cortex is called the mesocortical pathway and then the pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens is called called the meso

limbic

pathway and these dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area will be re dopamine will be released in the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex and these areas are involved particularly from what we have seen in the studies, a sensation of reward, and we use the example in this case of drug abuse, so if someone uses drugs, they get this feeling of euphoria the amygdala which is involved with the emotion sends that information to the hypothalamus the septal area communicates the ventral tegmental area the ventral tegmental area to the meso

limbic

through the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways to these two structures these two structures are involved in generating a sense of reward from that emotion and this may be a pathway that may be commonly involved in substance abuse.

Well, that's an important thing to remember when it comes to the limbic

system

that covers all of our behaviors. Now let's cover emotional responses. The last

function

of the amygdala within this aspect of emotions and behaviors, you have seen the amygdala practically at the center of this, the amygdala uses that example that we said before, you are walking outside with your robe and your drawers on to go take out the trash. and you see a big old grizzly bear, a black bear, you're going to be extremely afraid, I know, I probably would, so in that situation your amygdala will experience that feeling of fear, that emotion and it will communicate through analysis. from the striatum or the leakage pathway from the ventral amygdala to the hypothalamus when it communicates with the hypothalamus hypothalamus remember that there are two main nuclei in the hypothalamus that are involved in this fear response let's say we are using an example of an emotional emotional response correct and we are using fear as our example as a stimulus here in that situation your hypothalamus has two nuclei I want you to know the blue nucleus here is located on the posterior aspect of the hypothalamus it is called the posterior hypotonic nucleus the posterior hypothalamic nucleus sends its descending axons to down through what is called the hypothalamospinal tract and innervates the preganglionic neurons located within the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, the sympathetic nerves will then go out to particular organs, like which one you ask, one will be your liver and it will tell your liver that increase your glucose production.

I'm going to need a lot of energy to fuel my muscles so I can run as fast as I can away from this bear. It will tell my heart, boy, you better start pumping so you can get enough blood flowing. through its circulation to get away from this bear, especially to get that blood to the muscles, it will try to increase my blood pressure so that again I have enough perfusion for my tissues, especially my muscles, to be able to run as fast as I can. sending information to my lungs to increase my breathing rate and the depth of my breathing to get enough oxygen into my bloodstream to be able to supply those muscles to flee, all of this is an autonomic response, an autonomic response to a particular emotion that was kind of Start with who you are your amygdala and it tells your hypothalamus to act.

The other thing is that there's another nucleus, this kind of black nucleus here located in the hypothalamus, you know it releases a hormone called corticotropin-releasing hormone that tells the anterior pituitary. to produce a hormone called acth and then acth will stimulate your adrenal gland to produce cortisol and guess what cortisol is involved in your stress response so cortisol is your stress hormone and this is another way you can respond to a state of particular emotional balance that is generated by your beautiful amygdala, okay, let's get this son of a bitch home. The point I wanted you to really know about the limbic

system

is how it is clinically related to many different diseases, there are too many that we don't know about.

I'm going to talk about all of them, but there are two in particular that I want you to remember. One is a very rare neurological disorder called cloverbusy syndrome. If you've ever seen House, they actually show this illness in House. They love to show strange things. true, but Clover Boosie syndrome is damage, bilateral damage to the temporal lobe, but you already know which structure is damaged mainly in that amygdala, which is your amygdala, this is going to test your knowledge, which is one of the

function

s of the amygdala, it's involved in your emotions and behaviors or reactions to that right, particularly your reaction to particular emotions, because you damage the amygdala, they don't have any kind of emotional reaction to things, so they have what's called placidity , they have no response to fear or anger, okay, the other is involved in your eating behaviors, so now you are going to eat a lot, that is called hyperphagia.

You are also involved. The amygdala is also involved in your sexual behaviors. Now you cannot regulate your sexual activities and you are hypersexual. These are some of the aspects of clover. Boosie syndrome now also damages the hippocampus, so there is some degree of amnesia, which is memory loss, okay, so it's smart Boosie syndrome. The other is Wernicke's encephalopathy. It's usually due to a vitamin B1 deficiency, so it's a vitamin B1. deficiency this loves to damage the mammillary bodies, so it loves to damage the mammillary bodies and because it damages the mammillary bodies, the mammillary bodies are involved in the memory pathway and that is why they develop three classic symptoms, one is that They develop what is called confabulation, which is where they have a vivid imagination, in a way, they have pieces in their memory that they are missing and they fill it with made-up things.

The second is that vitamin B1 deficiency loves to attack the middle cerebellar peduncles and that leads to ataxia. and it loves to damage the nucleus of the third and sixth nerves that are involved in our extraocular movement and this can cause ophthalmoplasia. Beautiful, those are some of the things I want you to know clinically related to the limbic system. Hello ninja, so in this video I cover the

anatomy

and function of the limbic system I hope I have helped I hope you liked it you know what to do well, ninja nerds I love you thank you and until next time