Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains Time Dilation

I still lose sleep over this fact. Well, I still lose sleep over it and I want you to lose sleep too. I don't want to be the only one looking at the ceiling at night. I'm going to tell you many things. I already beat you to it, sure, I mean the asteroid impact that could happen, or exactly the right thing, or global warming, or that, here it is, maybe you remember or maybe you've heard that Einstein's relativity, more specifically, you learn this in the special theory of relativity. where the faster you move, the slower

time

passes for you, as seen by others relative to the observer, relative to the correct observer, you don't know anything is happening, your clock keeps ticking down to where you still have the beat of your heart, all this.

Okay, so this is not something physiological, it is a real property of the structure of space and

time

under those conditions. Wow, okay, that's fascinating. It's completely fascinating. Is completely. So I watch you fly by and the faster you go, the slower time passes. You're fine, but my time is still the same for you, for me, for you, so not only does speed do this, but also the strength of a gravitational field will have the same effect on you, the stronger the gravitational field, the slower the time will be for you and that was. It wasn't formulated until his general theory of relativity, um, uh, ten years later, that required a lot more mathematics and deeper knowledge about the universe, but again it makes sense because you're dealing with the structure of spacetime, it's the structure of space. correct time, but initially when it's formulated you think it's just because you're moving right, but it's actually a lot deeper than that and that's why, by the way, his original special theory of relativity wasn't called that in the title Of the investigation.

The article was about the electrodynamics of bodies in motion, how cool, that was the title that we would later call it the special theory of relativity because it was a special case of what would later be called the general theory of relativity, oh, oh, while we are. Let me slide this into the gps satellites orbit higher than our um than our so like the space station and to the right and other things that are what we call low earth are in like mio the middle earth orbit there's leo mio and geo okay if you have kids maybe you call it that yeah leo food and lower ortho mid earth orbit geo and geo geosynchronous orbit okay so geosynchronous satellites are like a mid orbit that is far enough away from the source of gravity of the Earth so that they have a difference, a measurably different space-time condition, so that their clocks tick faster than our clocks on the surface of the Earth because they are further away, so remember that I said that the more intense the Gravitational gravitation, the slower the slower time ticket, so they are further away.

Your time passes faster relative to us, but we get accurate times from geosynchronous satellites, so how does this work? We precorrect the time signal from GPS satellites to compensate for Einstein's general theory of relativity, so that when time comes to us, where? has been properly corrected and is important to us and our space-time continuum, not the one in Middle Earth orbit, oh my goodness, so GPS couldn't work as accurately as it does, however, wait Wait a minute, sorry just for me. You would have to have a standard to be able to correct something beforehand. You know the rate at which time is accelerating because you can calculate what the gravitational field is up there, there you go, there you go, okay, okay, and once you calculate that, then. you do it and you say oh my god, we, the formula works, Einstein was right, right, this is not just something based on a few lofty theories, but a hypothesis that may or may not be true, it's true, I just want to be there when that phrase is uttered oh my god, Einstein was right, yeah, these aren't just cult heroes that we wish were right, these are real, this is real, okay, this is the real universe we're talking about here, okay, so now look, let's go faster and faster we go half the speed of light three quarters of the speed 90 the speed of light 99 the speed of light time runs slower and slower and slower for you you will see the entire future history of the universe unfolding before your eyes as fractions of a second pass for you as you go 99 there is a formula for this, of course, but 99 99.9 99.99 the speed of light because you are the observer of that, but for you your time has slowed down to the point where, as you watch things that don't move at the speed of light, you see them accelerating right, you see them unfold, right, boom, right, that It's crazy, so now look, oh my god, wait, don't look, okay, wow, so I didn't even get to the part where I lose sleep, okay.

Okay, that's what happens, by the way, by the way, there are particles that decay, which you've heard of, like radioactivity. Yes, yes, a part disintegrates and becomes another point that releases energy, often deadly. Yes, okay, radioactivity, okay, some particles, take for example, the proton or the muon, one of these, decays in about six minutes when left in nature, okay, when it's not part of an atom, okay, when it's not in captivity, I forget which of these isn't. The question, for my example, decay is not like six minutes, okay, what happens if you take that particle and accelerate it in a particle accelerator so you take a community of these particles and accelerate them?

Calculate, wait a minute, the internal wrist clock of these watches. It says that they should live longer and, sure enough, their decay time takes longer. Wow, that's it, my God, yes, yes, oh, wow, yes, and that becomes living proof of what Einstein said. Yes, because we can't go at half the speed of light, right? You can speed up. a particle to do that, yes, it's a built-in internal clock that decays after a certain period of time and they're taking longer to decay by the exact amount that Einstein predicts, that's cool, so let's not invent these things, okay? , Yeah.

It's cool, it's like a triple genius, well let's take this to an extreme level, let's go so fast that we go at the speed of light, well we can't do that because we are made of material substance and that is there is no way to do That's it, but there are things that travel at the speed of light and what is that? Those would be photons, yes, that would be, I would say that what travels at the speed of light, light, yes, it is about to say light. So if photons had a clock, the clock would never work right, which means that when I go to the top of a mountain, as I did in graduate school, to observe the center of the galaxy, the Milky Way, in search for stars that emitted their light 30,000 years ago traveling through the gaps of interstellar space and moved through space passed through the earth's atmosphere went down to the telescope reflected returned to my detector and landed on my ccd chip that photon when it was born in the star that emitted it was detected in my telescope in the same instant wow according to the photon itself it lives fast, it dies, the photon has no knowledge of that trip, right, because time did not exist for it, oh, that's great and I It's sad that many of these photons are like people's tans on the beach, you know, and how they're imagining 30,000 years and they land on someone's butt with the telescope I collected, now I'm decoding the nature of the universe and some photons go straight through. around the earth and they're still moving but they don't have an internal time clock wow and they're just traveling like I hope when I'm born I hit a telescope bam you were born with a telescope yeah yeah that would be interesting but when that's what I want to be when I'm older or you.

I know or the moment I am admitted where I am going to be, where I like to be right, right, right, and the idea that light can move through the universe and not even have an age, is a fascinating fact to me, wow, so yeah. that's beyond fascinating, yeah, yeah, I mean, it's mind-blowing, yeah, yeah, so that's light, the age of light, it's like it doesn't age at all. I am convinced that you all secretly microdose and smoke marijuana. Only that's another one, okay, chuck, let's leave it, okay, okay, mysteries of light and time, uh,

neil

degrasse

tyson

, here, keep looking out for yourself.