Meteorologist Breaks Down Natural Disasters in Movies & TV | GQ

Lightning doesn't strike the same way twice, the common climate myth. Lightning does not strike twice, it does so absolutely all the time. Now the odds of any point on Earth being hit twice are slim because you know the lightning bolt is the size of a pencil, but think about it. From the Empire State Building or some other skyscraper that has a lightning rod, lightning strikes there all the time, so lightning can strike twice. Hi, I'm David Yeomans and this is the first fault the day after tomorrow. We now have live coverage. From our fox 11 helicopter, are you there, bart?

Yes, I'm here. Natural

disasters

are horrible,

natural

ly occurring catastrophes that we have no control over and often we can't even predict. Some

natural

disasters

like tornadoes or hurricanes occur in different parts. in the world and can happen many times in a given year from the beginning. This is a really spectacular scene, but this part of the movie takes place in Los Angeles, while Los Angeles has had some small, weak tornadoes in the last 50 or 60 years. We have never had multiple tornadoes like this in Los Angeles and we have never had intense tornadoes like these appear to be in Los Angeles, so a tornado is a column of air that spins and rises violently.

It usually occurs in a supercell storm, which is when we have a really intense storm with all this rising air called an updraft, but we also have what's called wind shear, which are winds at different heights in the atmosphere that blow in different directions and also at different speeds, and if all those things come together correctly, we have not only rising air within the storm, but there is also rising, rotating air within the storm, these tornadoes here look more like what they look like. It's called a supercell storm, so these are the tornadoes that occur in Oklahoma or the Midwest or even parts of Texas.

This is where conditions in the atmosphere are conducive to really intense and spectacular tornadoes. The ones that occur in Los Angeles, on the rare occasions that they do happen, would generally be much thinner and much smaller to generate a tornado like this in the Midwest, where it usually happens that you need warm, moist air at the level of the ground, on the surface, usually in Los Angeles you have this cool, stable air near the surface and actually the air a few thousand feet up is warmer than on the ground, which is why tornadoes form like this It's very unlikely, we now have live coverage from our Fox 11 helicopter, are you there Bart?

Well, we have observed multiple tornadoes at once. Usually it's just two tornadoes next to each other and even in the Midwest or tornado alley it's very rare, so seeing something like this. In Los Angeles, where there really are rarely tornadoes, it would be pretty unheard of for the most tornadoes I know of to occur simultaneously to be three, but that was from an old photograph and it's pretty rare for tornadoes to be so sensitive to their surroundings and that is why they never last that long they usually at least need everything to be right and if something interrupts it to go away you would think it would be very dangerous to fly a helicopter near a tornado but they actually do it quite often.

In places like Oklahoma, many news stations have helicopters and during tornado out

breaks

they place them in the sky to give their viewers the best view of the tornado, so whether this can be done is kind of a common myth. actually it is that mountains protect you from tornadoes or hills protect you from tornadoes the truth is that tornadoes cannot occur in mountains and they can occur in mountainous terrain why we normally think that tornadoes occur in flat lands, that it's just where the tornadoes go through. It's in the midwest of Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri, and most of that land is flat, but it's not the flat land that causes tornadoes.

Turns out, it's where the meteorological ingredients come together. The United States has the most tornadoes anywhere in the world. and we will have hundreds of tornadoes every year, maybe even some that we don't know about because they occur where radar can't see very well or where no one saw them with their eyes. What you are seeing are two real ones. tornadoes hitting los angeles international airport wait wait it looks like they came together and formed one big tornado oh my god this is not realistic just from a news perspective because when you are a live reporter you would never be driving around and having your photographer in the Driving in the front seat is quite distracting driving in a tornado is really distracting.

Two tornadoes like this do not normally combine into one, it is not entirely unknown, their circulations do not necessarily attract each other, if anything, they like to be separated, so when two tornadoes come together and they can actually disappear completely because they can somehow counteract each other or spoil each other's environment. Incredible, I've never seen it. Well, wait, pause. There are so many things to destroy, so that was a seismograph that measures earthquakes. apparently there are tornadoes now that cause earthquakes, which is not a thing. Earthquakes are a geological phenomenon that happens underground and tornadoes are something atmospheric that happens above the ground.

If a tornado throws up some debris, you know, that has gone up into the cloud and then it forms. to let it fall out of the wind zone, if you will, that's realistic, that can happen, something can fall to the ground, but if this sign is carried up sideways and creams this guy and takes his body Just like that, he wouldn't do it. First of all, I have been able to stand there because I know from experience with hurricanes that it is almost impossible for an adult person to stand in a wind of 60 to 65 miles per hour or stronger.

These violent tornadoes have winds of over 100 or 150 miles. In an hour it seems that if they are going to throw this sign next to him, it is not realistic that he can stay there until the sign crushes him. That destruction of a well-built skyscraper is very difficult for any tornado to achieve. even an ef5 is the strongest on the scale, the fujita enhanced zero scale is the weakest on the tornado scale, they have winds less than 100 miles per hour. ef5 is the strongest and they have winds of over 200 miles per hour, we have even had doppler. radar measurements of tornado winds of over 300 miles per hour before, which is pretty unheard of, we're going to move forward later in this very movie, so right there we were looking from space at a really intense hurricane, probably category four or five and the scale only goes up to five, this is not realistic because a hurricane is a storm with a really warm core, you would never have a hurricane in a blizzard or whatever is happening here simultaneously in the same place, Hurricanes have warm, moist air that feeds them, like a tornado.

You can't have a cold wind hurricane like this one appears to be. I love how this thing is modeled because it's modeled after a real historical event ten thousand years ago, a mini ice age. It was called the youngest driest event. So what happened? It was that the Earth was warming 10,000 years ago and that global warming actually melted so much of the Greenland ice into the North Atlantic Ocean that the freshwater melting threw out all the ocean currents. Europe, especially, entered a mini ice age in a very short period, around 10 years, which on the climate scale was called abrupt climate change, but for it to happen like this is very unrealistic, while in this movie it just happens in minutes or hours to get something like this, it looks like you're pouring liquid. nitrogen everywhere, which is like 400 degrees below zero, skyscrapers Fahrenheit can survive -20 or -40 degrees as long as they are built for it, like we have done in the northern US and in Canada, if something freezes the building like this and blows out the windows, that's very unrealistic as far as being caused by the weather, if there was a flash freeze like this the air wouldn't travel down if there was something in the atmosphere, actually when There is air that sinks, it heats it up, so the air drags down.

Buildings like this in this deep freeze are a little unstable, so a second ago we were like in the eye of the hurricane. You could see that they call it the stadium effect. When you look at this stadium, it's like a football stadium and you're the player of clouds around you that are 40 or 50,000 feet high and that's real for a hurricane, but it's not real for any heavy frost, this is the eye of the hurricane, so you would see the sun and see the spectacular ring. of clouds around you, but it wouldn't be below zero like here, it would be very hot, in fact, don't let the fire go out, all this monster that you know is coming down the halls towards you is not exactly how the weather works in a fire like that could keep the room warm if it's below freezing in the rest of the house or the rest of that building, but then of course the question is how long does it stay this cold outside this mess and how long can it stay .

If the fire continues in sub-zero temperatures, it is always good to stay home because many people get into trouble traveling on the roads during a snowstorm and then end up sliding off the road or getting into a car accident and then become stranded. So if you have to travel, we always recommend that you have a survival kit, basically in the trunk, blankets, parkas or large jackets, some food or water, the best way to do it is to just stay at home. I really like the model in the movie. global warming actually led to abrupt global cooling because that happened 10,000 years ago, but it happens this way and it's so dramatic with the whole hurricane spinning over you, they were all added by Hollywood, unfortunately, the next step of the crown, London, stopped.

Because of the dense fog that descended overnight, my goodness, the Met Office has issued a statement saying that the persistent anticyclone over London is to blame. This is very meteorologically accurate so this was the great London smog of 1952 and thousands of people died and they said. It is due to an anticyclone, well the cyclone is a storm and normally storms have rising air and that is how clouds and rain form in an anticyclone, it is as if the opposite air sinks above you, so if you have air sinking above you and you're in 1950s London with no pollution controls, it crushes all that smog that would normally disperse in the higher levels of the atmosphere right at ground level, it's like a temperature inversion that go over Los Angeles and it can actually create super dense and very, very unhealthy smog and that's what happened for a few days the smog is like a dirty fog the smog is caused by pollution, it's particles like soot or ash or exhaust cars hanging at ground level fog is just a cloud on the earth so a fog is much purer to last for some time be careful its a real super pea this lasted so long because of the weather pattern a city dirty and increasingly populated city was emitting all of this stuff into the atmosphere and usually they can do it because the wind blows it away or it disperses into the levels of the atmosphere, but this persistent sinking of the air and the very calm conditions in the city they just trapped all the emissions and all the pollutants right there and it was actually so unhealthy that it killed thousands of people in For a short period of time, in some cities around the world, you know, Los Angeles, parts of China, where we have a lot of people in a small area and certain weather patterns, you can have smog and really rough, dangerous air that's bad to breathe.

You see people dressing. masks just walking around even before coveting 19. La has such bad smog, for example, because the cold Pacific Ocean makes the air here on the surface and in La colder than it would otherwise be if you have cold air below of the hot air, it is simply trapped. there instead and that's why some of the smog can also get trapped so it's actually a bad idea in pollution and smog that is so thick and so unhealthy that you don't want to be outside and especially outside straining where you breathe more of the The particles in it want to be inside because, even in 1950s London, it would have given you some level of protection from the dirty air outside and now you know that with our air filtration in our homes and businesses it would give you a lot of protection against the air. that dirty girl wanted to attend her appointment, which is admirable, but it is actually what killed a lot of people, she is out of this for a long time, then, only the brave prepare the deployment side here now, they can't go back there, there is no time. jesse, this is about a real fire in Arizona that killed a group of expert firefighters.

Lightning is actually a big cause of wildfires and was actually the cause of this actual fire as well. It is especially dangerous in the desert, where you can have what is called dry lightning.a storm that produces lightning and thunder and tries to produce rain, but the rain actually evaporates on its way to the ground because the air is very dry in a desert, so you have a spark, but you don't. any water that falls from the storm to put out a fire, so fires caused by lightning are actually super common and are very, very dangerous.

Huge fires can create their own weather systems. It is fascinating. The fires are so hot and sometimes so large and so intense that it creates this enormous updraft that updraft can generate winds within the fire zone of 60 to 70 miles per hour as strong as a hurricane. It can also create its own cloud or even sometimes its own storm right above it, so that when it produces an electrical charge. builds up in a cloud, an opposite electrical charge builds up in the ground beneath it and then, for comfort, it releases the charge by discharging an obviously drier grounds are more likely to catch fire than wetter grounds or places that receive high humidity or are near the ocean or swampy lands, the drier the fuel, such as a tree or grass, the easier the fuel goes.

Burning wildfires can move at 15 miles per hour or even faster in localized areas depending on the wind and these guys are gut-wrenching. 19 of some of the best firefighters in the world died that day if you get trapped inside a forest fire like unfortunately where obviously the fire is the main problem, but also fires that big can consume all the oxygen in the area, so it is It becomes a different problem, plus wildfires put so much smoke and ash into the atmosphere that it can travel across states. They can travel across countries. continents and oceans and can have a cooling effect because it can block the sun in a certain location, as if a cloud were above you or, if it travels to lower levels, the atmosphere can degrade air quality and be dangerous to breathe even for you.

We know that we saw an effect on air quality in Texas due to the California wildfires less than a year ago because the smoke you know moves through the atmosphere, everything is connected, so what happens here doesn't stay there, In the world of weather, the next tornado. you gotta get more ahead of yourself, I know what I'm doing, go through the bill, I know I gotta get ahead of you, so this was done in the '90s, I mean, this brought a whole generation of people to the climate. including myself and the special effects even from the 90's, I think they actually hold up pretty well today, this looks like a very realistic tornado, you have debris spinning around on the ground, which is dirt or anything else chewed up by the tornado and then the condensation funnel is basically the tornado itself, it's the ground-length cloud that you see here, so the whole premise of the movie is pretty realistic as well.

You have storm chasers who sometimes do this for a living and you have people who try to put weather instruments in the path of a tornado so that we can make measurements inside a tornado. People still have limited success because tornadoes are so unpredictable and so fast that it is actually very difficult to put an instrument in the path of a tornado. tornado and then get out of there before it eats you too. Weather forecasting technology has come a long way since the '90s, but predicting tornadoes, especially exactly when and where they will form, is still very complicated, so if we learn more about how it works, we can understand it better and we can predict them better if we can predict them. better then we can keep more people safe in the southeast let's see what it does tornadoes can bend like this I know it seems a little wild but especially what we call a rope tornado which is this one here is very thin like a rope since the cloud to the ground, they can snake and wave back and forth even when tornadoes generally move from southwest to northeast because that's how the winds generally blow in the atmosphere when there is ripe for a tornado, they can still wobble on that path, which is another reason why it's really dangerous to chase a tornado and be so close to it.

I'm not sure what they accomplished by hitting a dirt keeper 10 feet to the side of the road where they were already, I guess they are trying to get in front of the tornado to put Dorothy, the weather instruments, in the way, but now they are trapped here, you also heard right there the tornadoes growling, the tornadoes obviously do not have any animal character. Noises like that have been described as freight trains quite often due to the enormous amount of wind and debris it chews up, as we say, but it's not going to sound like a lion or a tiger like this, you really never know the way. what exactly a tornado is going to take and that's why chasing storms is still super dangerous even with all the technology we have and people who have been doing it professionally for decades still die sometimes because they get too close or are on the wrong path . tornado and that happened, you know, less than 10 years ago in Oklahoma, so chasing tornadoes is still a really dangerous thing, even to this day.

Tornadoes generally move between 20 and 40 miles per hour, so technically you could outrun a tornado, but we really advise people. don't do that because at home or at your business or at your school is the safest place if you're trying to drive and there might be a traffic jam because other people are trying to do that and then you get stuck in traffic and If you find yourself in The path of a tornado or the tornado may be moving at 60 or 70 miles per hour and you are on neighborhood streets or somewhere else where you can't go that fast, there are a few easy things to keep in mind.

Keep in mind the interior, on the lowest floor of the building or, ideally, underground, in a basement if you have one and away from exterior walls and windows, and the reason to be as low as possible is because if you are in the second or third floor, the winds on the In reality, a tornado is stronger there because it is not slowed by friction with the earth's surface. You realize that they are both looking towards the tornado, which is also a theme of this movie from so close that the winds would be so strong. towards the tornado you probably couldn't keep your eyes open very much because there is dust and debris floating around your eyes, it would hurt a lot if you opened them, something really very dangerous, they are actually doing quite well.

You're supposed to get as close to the ground as possible in a ditch or keeper to try to simulate that underground thing to protect you from the wind. The common thing about going under an overpass and wedge your body under an overpass has actually been debunked and that's a very, very dangerous thing, the winds can funnel underneath and become even stronger and also if several people try to do that, then you get a traffic jam and there are people competing for the same space. Very realistic tornadoes have winds so strong that they can rip wooden boards from wherever they are stuck.

Even more impressive than that, not only can he throw nails very, very fast, but he can also throw a plastic straw at a tree stump. image after an ef5 tornado, the strongest on the scale, really very powerful stuff, it is very difficult to guess based on looking at a tornado how strong it is as a general rule, the thinner it is, the weaker it is and the wider it is, The stronger it is, but you can't always tell, even if radar tells you how strong the winds are, you can't know how strong they really are on the ground and if the tornado is right over an open field, you don't actually know. we know. how strong it was because we only know how strong a tornado was based on the damage it causes to any type of building and how stable that construction was, it could be an unknown intensity and that's how it is recorded in the record books.

He gushes to a stranger where my truck is. Tornadoes can certainly lift cars and farm equipment like you saw there, but it wouldn't happen as clearly as you saw, it would just lift up like the resurrection and it would also be very windy where our heroes are who would probably also get sucked in if you can lift a car 10 feet away. from you, then that delineation between tornado winds and still air is not so sharp, it's kind of a blurry line if it's really very windy stuff, so you can certainly, take a truck and drop it somewhere else, I could even leave it further away than this.

Tornadoes can also disappear in the blink of an eye, they are super sensitive to their surroundings, so if something stops or if something goes wrong in the environment, the tornado can just disappear like this, then the Wolf of Wall Street, you might come across a chop chop, we can handle it, sure, I mean, it's a 170 foot yacht, this movie is crazy, so that's all there is to it, to the best of my ability. tell is quite realistic, this is based on a true story, not only after the real wolf of Wall Street in the 90s, but also this exact situation and the captain actually had some reservations because according to the weather forecast, They were supposed to have a little storm and some chop as they called it and then they got into trouble. chop is just rough waters in the ocean so if you're on a 170 foot yacht you can handle a chop chop it's like one to three foot seas or maybe five foot seas like?

The waves are big, but what they get into they don't cut it, you know, scary, deadly seas where no, no private yacht like this could survive storms at sea. Obviously we don't have meteorological instruments. We do not have weather stations placed around the ocean. So in the sea, we rely more on satellite data, so the satellites are orbiting the Earth so it can see all the clouds, it can even detect the winds on the surface and it does this by detecting the height of the waves on the surface and using complex mathematics to derive how strong the winds are to get waves of that height, so this type of storm is actually called a mistral and it occurs in the Mediterranean sea and what happens is that something makes the wind from the alps come down through the alps and across the mediterranean into africa and these winds can be very strong and are actually quite difficult to predict, even to this day.

The mistrals are a more localized effect, they occur when warm air rises towards the south of the Mediterranean Sea, so the air rushes in to fill the void. and there are very strong winds blowing across the Mediterranean Sea, so it is a totally different phenomenon, it does not swirl like a hurricane does and it is a smaller scale feature than a hurricane. It's too far from 20 feet of buildings, it could have 20 foot hurricane waves. the winds are strong for sure and the waves in an event like this, as strong as it was, can be 50 feet or even more, you probably wouldn't have the moon at all, so it wouldn't be that bright at all, you'd be in the In the middle of a storm and clouds and it would be pretty dark outside, you wouldn't be able to see the ocean as well as we can see it here now.

Yachts like this basically have really powerful headlights and also side lights and backlighting, so they can illuminate the immediate area around them, but we wouldn't be able to see the entire ocean this way, that's kind of an effect. I think it's every captain's worst nightmare if you have 20 or even 50 foot seas like we had here and there. a rogue wave rogue waves can actually be one and a half times that height or even twice that height a rogue wave is where two waves come together right where they duplicate each other, you know, we call it constructive interference instead of destructive interference . interference in physics, they can actually build on each other and that can double the height of the waves, which is, uh, looks like what's going to happen here in the next war of the worlds.

This is one of my favorite things about the weather, you know? in our age of digital distractions. and the phones always in front of our faces the weather has the power to make everyone stop what they are doing I can captivate everyone and take center stage that is one of the things I like the most so the light in the It's kind of disconcerting, you'd think there's probably an alien invasion going on, but a darkness of clouds swirling like this could be a wall of cloud, which is the beginning of the signs of a tornado, what the wind blows into the storm, That's weird, there's a few things in this movie that are actually quite meteorologically in tune and that was one of them.

He said it's so strange for the wind to blow into the storm, something so typical in a storm if there's rain coming out of a cloud and coming toward the ground. The rain cools the air hitting the ground and has nowhere to go except outside, but this can actually be another sign of a tornado because instead of the rain cooling the air hitting the ground and spreading from the storm, it is thestorm itself that sucks in the air. ground level towards what could become that rotating column of air that is the tornado, so a typical storm cloud is a little low and dark and can be a little messy, we call it a scud cloud, sometimes it looks like just debris of something strange. clouds scattered around, are you okay?

We all know what thunder sounds like and if you're that close to the lightning it's really a loud crack and like a deafening boom, so that's what you would hear, it sounds a little weird and he's stinging. Clarify that maybe this is not related to the weather, you can certainly have lightning without rain, but you can't have lightning without thunder, there is always thunder, it's just that you are too far away from it, lightning causes thunder because it heats the air to 50ºC . 000 degrees Fahrenheit is much hotter than the surface of the sun, yet when you superheat the air in an instant like that, it creates a sonic boom that radiates outward from the lightning bolt and that's thunder if you're very close to it.

It sounds like a very loud crackling sound and if you are very far from it it is more of a slow burst in a thunderstorm. If you are outside, you risk being hit even if you are 10 or 20 miles away. the storm and it's not even raining where you are, we call that a bolt from the blue because there may actually be sun shining, but if there's a storm near you, you can get hit by lightning and die in a thunderstorm, the safer place. being in a vehicle that conducts electricity around you and is grounded or insulated by rubber tires or at home is even better if the worst happens and lightning strikes near your house or if it hits your house it is unlikely to drive electricity to your body, it will not strike there again, okay?

Because lightning does not strike twice in the same way, a common myth about the weather, lightning does not strike twice, it does so absolutely all the time. Now the odds of any point on Earth being hit twice are slim because you know that lightning is the size of a pencil and you know what are the odds of that compared to somewhere else, but think about the Empire State Building or Any other skyscraper that has a lightning rod? Lightning strikes there all the time, so lightning can strike twice next in Mad Max Fury Road, so what are they driving?

There is a big dust storm that is meteorologically called haboob. The neighborhood has its origins in the Middle East, where they actually see dust storms like this, but you can find them here in the desert southwest of the US, this can happen along a front, you know. Large gust of wind coming from a cold front or a storm with cold air expanding outward, basically a large gust of wind blows over the desert and picks up all the sand, dirt and dust particles and traps them in the air. even a few thousand feet in the air and creates this big cloud blowing towards you, what you're really seeing is a big gust of wind blowing towards you, but it's suddenly visible because there are all kinds of dust and particles in No I know if there is much difference practically between a dust storm and a sand storm, maybe the size of the particles that are kicked up, both dust and sand storms create really low visibility, gusty winds and really dangerous conditions if there is dust.

The storm always approaches you that way, getting in is the best case scenario if you're stuck outside in a vehicle and want to stop it because you won't be able to suddenly see much when it hits if you're actually outside. When walking in it, you'll want to put on eye protection as soon as possible. You'll also want to wrap a cloth around your face or put on a face mask of some kind that will protect your lungs from breathing in those particles that dust storms can have. winds maybe 30 or 40 miles per hour maybe 50 miles per hour and a really strong one, but they're not really known for damaging winds or high winds, they're just known for reducing visibility and looking really spectacular if you see one, so This is based on reality, but it dramatizes the lightning a bit, there's no reason for there to be lightning inside a dust storm, so that's a little inaccurate, so now it's almost like he broke the wall of the house. dust storm and now you're in and suddenly you can see everything which is not exactly the way these dust storms or haboobs work; it would just be a constant cloud of low visibility and dust that you don't really get into and suddenly you're able to Look, there would be no sand tornadoes or dust tornadoes within a dust storm.

There's no meteorological reason you would ever have a tornado inside this. A big wall of dust that a big haboob can traverse, you know, tens of miles or even hundreds of kilometers. miles in a huge one, but they usually last a fairly short period of time, maybe an hour or two at most. The larger ones you can actually see from space from satellites if they are very wide and last a little bit of time, but the smaller scale ones may only be a few miles wide and last less time. This is one of the most unrealistic dust storms I've ever seen in Hollywood

movies

.

As they drove out of it towards it, it looked realistic with a big, you know a tall, massive wall of dust, but you know that once you get inside it, the lightning is fake, the good visibility that wouldn't happen, uh, and a time you walk in, these massive tornadoes that wouldn't happen either, probably one of the most accurate thing here is that there may be this reddish or orange hue to the dust itself, it just matters what color the ground is or what color the dust it kicks up is. that strong wind, it seems to be illuminated by the sun here, which would not be the case just because of the low visibility caused by the dust cloud itself.

Next is the impossible. This is quite realistic. It is actually modeled after the Indonesian tsunami of 2004. One of the deadliest in history. A tsunami is an underwater earthquake, so in an earthquake, two pieces of land along a fault between them shifted sideways or vertically and in this case part of the ground beneath the ocean suddenly shifted vertically more than hundred feet, so it's like you took half of your The bathtub split it in two and it was full of water and then you lifted half of the bathtub very high and suddenly water sloshed everywhere. That's exactly what happened in this tsunami and a tsunami wave is not like a typical wave that can go under and then come out the other side, which goes like this: a tsunami wave is simply a rise in the level of the ocean coming in. like a wall and it stays deep and high so it's not a wave that crashes and then disappears, it's like the ocean is suddenly 20 feet higher and wipes out everything it takes in, so before it happens a tsunami, many times they say that the animals know it or that the birds may be flying, but what are you doing?

What we see here is that it actually looks as if the wind is blowing towards the sea. The ocean can often retreat before a large tsunami wave and that actually has a deadly effect. All the tourists here in Indonesia or wherever the tsunami occurs flock to it. ocean and they even walk on the bottom of the sea because this is so cool, you know the ocean is disappearing, what's happening, but the ocean is just moving away to come back in a deadly, destructive way and that's what we're seeing here predicting a tsunami. It's as difficult as predicting an earthquake, there is actually a worldwide tsunami warning center that operates in the Pacific and all they do is monitor earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor or anything near the ocean floor. that could cause a tsunami.

So if an earthquake is detected that they think could cause a tsunami, they will issue a tsunami warning for the affected coasts, and in this case, people didn't get much warning. Tsunamis occur more frequently in the Pacific basin than in the Atlantic Ocean. although they can occur anywhere and the reason is that we have all heard of the ring of fire, which is the great fault that surrounds the entire Pacific Ocean, which is where most of the active volcanoes on earth are and that is where they occur. They find active faults. that's where a lot of the underwater earthquakes are a tsunami which is just a huge wave so where you are it may not last that long but it can spread across the ocean for hours and hours and it's really interesting if you have a real vision .

In the depths of the ocean this tremendous amount of energy and a tsunami wave is actually only a few centimeters high because it is dispersed throughout the depth of the ocean from the ground to the air that we breathe if you are on a cruise ship, a tsunami. It can pass you at several hundred miles an hour in the depths of the ocean without you realizing it, it's a small wave and then it disappears, but as it gets closer to the land it slows down and builds up higher and higher because The sea becomes shallower, so the tsunami when it reaches the coast and the bottom of the shallower ocean, can be 20 feet high, 40 feet high or even more than a hundred feet high in the worst tsunamis, for example.

What you know is that a big wave crashing into a hotel like this is absolutely realistic and the flowing water is exponentially more powerful. that air flows like the wind, so you know that having a piece of water flowing through a house at five miles an hour or 30 miles an hour or whatever, can wipe everything off the map, unlike a wind of 30 miles per hour that we can all sustain to prepare for a tsunami, you just have to go to higher ground and hope you have enough time to get there if you are on a beach vacation like these unfortunate people did and there is no warning that you probably won't survive a tsunami.

Tsunamis are one of the least survivable natural disasters due to the power of the water and the risk of drowning. Tsunamis can certainly travel a few miles inland from the beach, which is pretty scary if you think about it, it seems safe at that distance, but as long as the earth is flat and if the tsunami has the power to do so, it will wipe out everything along it. over several miles, so a large, powerful tsunami, one of the most powerful tsunamis we have ever seen, will hit a very flat land like the one we are here on.

Indonesia is really the worst case scenario, Dante's next big movie. I think it's a lot of fun and it also holds up pretty well today, even though it's a little older. The special effects are great. The science of the volcano seems quite realistic to me. What I see here is the volcano exploding on its top, so all the magma and hot gases that accumulate inside the earth normally, for one reason or another, explode from the top of this mountain, so just There is the pyroclastic. cloud is a cloud of super hot gases from inside the earth and also ash and lava and pieces of rock and all kinds of things.

It can rise at 400 miles per hour and even expand outward at several hundred miles per hour if the volcano is hot and powerful enough to rise so high in the sky and for so long it can create a huge storm cloud with particles that They collide with each other very quickly, creating electricity and, in fact, creating lightning, like most natural disasters that geologists and volcanologists try to predict. when is a terrible volcano going to happen and that's actually the premise of this movie that we're still trying to make, now there are some markers in the field of geology that can tell you that a volcano might be coming, but we can't yet. accurately predict when or how severe a volcanic eruption will be, you know, a large violent eruption with that kind of force could certainly shatter buildings or 18-wheelers or windows that are in the way and he's telling the kids that come down, it's not like that.

Of course, there's a lot you can do if you're in the path of this pyroclastic cloud or pyroclastic flow of magma and hot gas and ash, but it's probably telling them to duck and stay away from the vehicle windows because there's flying debris. and That might help them a little so they can expand outward so quickly and come at you at several hundred miles per hour. Hot gases and ash are rushing towards them right now. We're trying to get out of the way. Let's see what happens, I don't think they can overcome this hot cloud of gases and ash that comes at them when they run through the city, it seems like they could go about 40 or 50 miles per hour. hour and you know that the force of a volcano can certainly expand outward faster than that, so you could have problems here driving into a tunnel or a mine shaft like that could give you some protection from the debris and what's going on outside , but you already know. the direction of the volcanic eruption is still going towards that tunnel the same way they drove so i'm not sure they can survive even in the next step it seems like we are in the middle of a hurricane here in this movie some parts are realistic some parts are not a hurricane it is a low pressure system a largeorganized storm 100 miles wide or more that forms over the ocean and if conditions are right and the ocean water is warm enough, the storm will continue to rotate, continue to form large storms, and have winds of 74 miles per hour or more and then it will become a hurricane.

This is actually quite realistic, except it would be a little windier than this, I know from having experienced a It's almost impossible to stay standing in a hurricane, they don't seem too nervous about the wind, as they would be, but then what happens It's called storm surge flooding, where if you live near the ocean, the ocean level actually rises and that happens for two reasons why the wind from a hurricane piles up all the ocean on land, secondly, the pressure more low in the atmosphere inside a hurricane actually exerts less downward force on the ocean surface, so if you're not pushing the top of the ocean down as much as you believe it or not, this bubble of higher ocean levels It actually forms in the middle of a hurricane, it's because of all the rising air, the atmosphere is almost peeling away from the land itself, so the ocean itself is able to rise.

Get up too and fill that void. I wouldn't suggest walking through this. You see the car start to float. Even just a foot of moving water can wash a car. Just six inches of running water can wash you or me. Even with our best efforts, the other dangerous thing about this is that you don't want to be out in a hurricane for obvious reasons, flying debris, but also because of power lines, water is a very good conductor of electricity, so if that cable is still live, 'You will be electrocuted even if you are in a somewhat close radius, you don't even have to be right next to it, there is a bit of brightness for a hurricane in a hurricane, the visibility is very low, you can't see the clouds, everything is gray. and twisting and blowing, you don't have visibility of the cloud bases or any bright spots on the sun like you see here to prepare for a hurricane if you live near the coast because remember they only form over the ocean, it's good to have a few days' supply of water for food and a backup generator, if you can, to run some basic parts of your home, like maybe the air conditioning or lights - things you need to survive, of course, if you get close a really powerful hurricane the officials will issue a voluntary evacuation where you can leave if you want or a mandatory evacuation if it's really dangerous where you have to leave and it's actually a crime to stay above us yes this is being in the eye of the hurricane.

I've only been in a hurricane eye at night, if you're in the eye of a hurricane during the day it's kind of a storm chaser or a

meteorologist

's dream because you get this spectacular visibility, it's completely calm, there's no wind or just a light breeze and the clouds around you can be 45,000 feet high and you can actually see everyone around you, it's very difficult to get to the eye of a hurricane, of course, most people don't want to be there , so it's not good for them, the eyewall of a hurricane is actually the The most dangerous part is that if you think of the eye as a donut with the cut in the middle, the eye itself, the hole in the middle of the donut is completely still and it may be sunny and windless, except for the donut around it. that circular eye which is the eyewall and that is the ring of terror, meaning where the strongest winds and the most lightning are, that's where all the destruction takes place, so that's another little thing. realistic if they came out just before the eye reached them.

It means they walked outside on the eyewall, which would have much stronger winds and be much less easy to survive than what we see here on Everest. This is pretty realistic so far, you can have a storm in the mountains with lightning and rain as the baseline. Everest camp in this movie and then at higher elevations you wouldn't experience that like rain it would be cold enough for snow or little ice pellets to hit you of course it would be very windy in this storm at such a height high. elevation and you would need to brace yourself against the wind and grab any exposed skin from all those things flying at you in the air and this is what is less realistic if you are climbing Mount Everest or in any high alpine environment that doesn't If you want your skin If you are exposed in an environment like this, the wind chill is constantly well below zero, it could be 80 below zero, which will cause your exposed skin to freeze in just a few minutes and your eyes too, you would never see them even if it was sunny there. above. or stormy up there if there is storm and wind there is snow flying in your eyes the cold wind is very hard on your eyes so you need to protect them from that even if it is sunny and a little less windy it is very bright up there because you are Above, Like half of Earth's atmosphere, you're above it, so there's little to protect you from how bright the sun is.

Also, you have a huge mirror below you and there is snow around you, so you can go blind as they call it. This happens if you are not wearing very good sunglasses or goggles, in meteorology the term ice storm actually refers to freezing rain, which is not as exciting as this, it is where you have very cold air on the ground, which it's below freezing, but then higher up in the sky it's pretty hot, so if something falls from a cloud, it falls like a raindrop and then hits the ground and then maybe the surface of your car, the road or the bridge is below zero, so it turns into ice once. is on that surface an ice storm doesn't necessarily mean ice is falling from the cloud, usually it's just small pieces of snow falling from a cloud.

What we're seeing here is like a warm-weather convective storm, that's how big it looks. like a piece of cauliflower, true, but a huge piece of cauliflower, the updrafts are very strong, so the cloud grows, multiplies and blooms. It has very sharp edges on the cloud. We call it a cumulaform cloud. This only occurs in hot, humid tropical environments. This is a storm that you might see in Miami or even the Midwest that could produce a tornado, but this is not the type of storm you would see near Mount Everest in the Himalayas. You can get lightning in a mountain storm even at that altitude. but it won't be that common and most of the storms you will find on Mount Everest are nothing like this, they are not pretty and have sharp edges that you can see coming, they are like a mass of gray coming towards you if you are climbing a mountain like this, just the willingness to turn around is what I would suggest preparing for Mount Everest type of storms, people have gotten into trouble when they are stubborn and a storm is coming and we are 100 yards from the summit, but You know, 100 yards at 29,000 feet takes you a while because you have to walk very, very slowly, the willingness to turn around is a good survival tactic.

I think lightning and thunder are much rarer on Everest. snow storms that's why when what's called snow thunder occurs it's a really exciting thing for

meteorologist

s, usually lightning and thunder are more of a warm weather storm, which is why there has been lightning on Mount Everest before they are more likely to fall at base camp than at the summit, but you know, in a storm like this you see frequent lightning and what looks like a summer day storm just wouldn't be like that. Thank you all so much for watching these clips with me. I had a great time.

This has been my lifelong passion, so this is what I'm really excited about and I hope you enjoyed it too. See you next time.