How to Land a Plane"},"lengthSeconds":"703","ownerProfileUrl":"http://www.youtube.com/user/MrBoeing7

Flying is a fun and exhilarating experience. Earning your pilot's license can be one of the most rewarding achievements of your life, but it cannot be achieved without hard work. A constant challenge for student pilots is approach when

land

ing. This key phase of flight has many variables and requires a lot of practice to perfect here. I will present the basics of

land

ing a small

plane

in a format that everyone can understand, regardless of their aviation experience. A keynote here we will focus here on the physical approach to landing a small aircraft in good weather. There are many more complicated factors involved in landing an air

plane

, including traffic pattern procedures, aircraft right-of-way rules, air traffic control, crosswinds and visibility, and emergencies.

For more information on these items, see the FAA Aeronautical Information Manual. Let's start by looking at some basics. In aerodynamics there are four main forces that govern the movement of an aircraft, lift, thrust, drag and gravity, it is the balance of these four forces that determines which direction and the aircraft accelerates when the aircraft is moving at a constant speed and altitude, These forces add up to zero To control the balance of these forces we have four main controls The elevator located in the tail section of the airplane primarily controls the pitch of the airplane Its nose moves up or down Raising the elevator causes the nose to tilt forward up in the same way lowering the elevator causes the nose to pitch The aileron controls located at the tip of each wing primarily control the role of the aircraft, causing the wings to pitch at an angle.

One aileron moves up while the other moves down, causing the aircraft to bank in that direction. The elevator and ailerons are controlled. Through the yoke in the cockpit, pushing or pulling the yoke makes the aircraft go up and down, while turning the device will make the aircraft turn left and right, controlled by two pedals on the floor, it is the rudder , the rudder dictates the aircraft's yaw or its lateral roll to the left and right, however, the rudder alone is not as effective as other control surfaces and cannot significantly turn the aircraft on its own to help us with the landings.

Most airplanes have flaps. These devices are inside each wing and can be lowered. In 10-degree increments, lowering the flaps allows you to fly slower while maintaining lift. They also help to ship the plane quickly. There are many different ideas on how and when flaps should be used in this video. We will always use 20 degrees of flaps when landing, the final control is the throttle which controls the RPM of the engine propeller. Pushing the black throttle knob in will increase power and pulling it out will decrease power. You see, these controls are intuitive and easy to learn, but it will take practice to use them effectively.

In the cockpit we have six main instruments to help you as a pilot. We will use four of them mainly for landing. The attitude indicator or virtual horizon illustrates the current pitch and pitch of the aircraft relative to the infinite horizon. To the left is the airspeed indicator. which indicates with the needle the current speed of the air passing over the wings here it shows 100 knots on the right is the altimeter that indicates your height above mean sea level it is red like a clock with the small hand indicating thousands of feet and the large hand indicating hundreds of feet here it shows 3500 feet below the altimeter is the vertical speed indicator this shows the rate at which your altitude changes the meter is in hundreds of feet per minute here it shows 500 feet per minute down a key aspect of a landing approach is the pitch ratio of airspeed.

Note that while holding the throttle constant, as you pitch the airplane up the airspeed decreases, this is because when the airplane pitches up the drag force increases causing the speed to decrease. similarly. Descent will increase airspeed as lift decreases and the aircraft will accelerate downward due to gravity as it approaches the runway. It is important for the pilot to regulate the air speed and descent speed of the aircraft. Don't forget that these two variables change depending on the pitch. If the airplane's speed drops too low, usually the result of banking it too much, not enough air will pass over the wings to generate lift, causing a stall.

This plane will stop around 58 knots. Do not drop below this speed until you are about to land. Light aircraft that operate near airports use a traffic pattern. This is a rectangular path in which airplanes fly around a runway. There are five sections of a standard traffic pattern, but only We will deal with the base leg and the final leg in this video the base leg is flown at 90 degrees from the center line of the runway and intersects with the final leg here the pilot makes a smooth turn to align with the runway entering the final lake This is the most critical phase of the landing process and on which we will concentrate.

Today the final leg is made up of two parts, the approach and the landing. The key to a safe landing is a stable approach. In a good approach, the plane descends at a steady pace. constant and maintain a constant speed to establish a stable approach adjust pitch and power first choose an aiming point on the runway most roads have large white blocks to indicate the landing zone these are usually excellent aiming points the slope on which you approach the runway is known as the glide slope using a fixed point on the windshield observe the movement of your landing point if it moves up then it is too low add power if it moves down then it is too high decrease the power remember we only use power to change the glide slope of the plane the shape of the runway will also change if they are too high or too low notice the difference between too low too high and the correct glide slope we will maintain a speed of around 60 at 70 knots on approach to help with this let's put all these components together in a real landing here we are lined up to land at Bellingham Washington adjust the power to stay on a proper glide slope keep the airplane pointed toward the runway with the rudder pedals and the ailerons we are looking to maintain at 60 to 70 knots on final approach over the end of the runway reduce power to idle and slowly raise the nose, hold the nose up until it gently touches the rear wheels, then gently lower the nose wheel , apply the brakes as necessary and exit the track, let's take a look at another example with the base lake here. you are at the base lake to land in Everett Washington turn smoothly to final while simultaneously using power and pitch to maintain a proper glide slope, you will need rudder and aileron to align correctly with the runway, aim for a landing point by crossing the landing numbers. track.

Slowly raise the nose and hold it until it gently touches the rear wheels, let the nose wheel gently lower, apply the brakes and exit the runway. Here we have learned the basics of landing a small plane. Always remember to use pitch to control your speed. power to control your glide slope fly a stable approach by choosing a landing point and aiming for it reduce power to idle when crossing the runway straighten out smoothly and land with the rear wheels first and then lower the front wheel flying is a fun and rewarding For more information on how to get your license or just fly, talk to the FAA government and click on aviator certification.