How Three Phase Electricity works - The basics explained

Hey guys Paul from Engineering Mindset com, in this video we'll be looking at

three

phase

electricity

and this follows our series on Electrical Engineering so if you haven't seen the previous videos on this so far please make these first links. is in the video description below let's see how a simple AC generator

works

, then we will look at a single

phase

power, then a two phase power and finally a

three

phase power, as well as how three phase power is used and why, although we shouldn't four . five, six phases, etc. are not used so let's first start with a simple AC generator, we will start with a single phase to understand what is happening and then we will add other phases until we get two three phases.

Let's take a copper wire and wrap it. into two coils and then we place the coil or observe each other inside a stator and connect the ends now we create a complete circuit if we place a magnet between these coils and start rotating the magnet then the magnetic field will disturb the free history electrons inside the copper wire and an electric current will begin to flow. We covered how free electrons work in a previous video on

electricity

basics

, so check it out if you haven't already. Links are in the video description below as the magnet rotates. the polarity of the magnetic field as you can see in the illustration North and South The force of the magnet rotates and when they rotate they pass over the coils that force the electrons to notice, the magnetic field lines in these oval shapes are in each side and meet across the central axis of the magnet.

You can think of one side as positive and the other side as negative and between these monkeys is the neutral magnetic field. You can see that the magnetic field intensity increases in both. sides until the center where it is has maximum strength and then falls again until it returns to the neutral point as this field across the coil will cause the coil 'an increasing intensity of magnetic experience causes a positive half and during this increases freedom The electrons inside the copper coil will be pushed and will begin to move faster and faster in one direction until it reaches the maximum point of the magnetic field.

As the magnetic field reduces the flow of electrons will slow down until it reaches a neutral point where no electrons will flow, a negative side of the magnetic field comes and as it passes through it it pulls the free electrons back, the game that the flow of electrons will flow faster and faster until the maximum point of the magnetic field and then fall again. to the neutral point, therefore AC electricity is called alternating current because the flow of electrons changes direction back and forth, just like the sea tide, if we plot the speed of the electrons flowing during the rotation, then we would get a sine wave pattern in this sine wave, you can see that the electrons are still at first in the neutral zone and then the velocity increases through the positive half up to and including the maximum and then it starts to fall again to the neutral where no electrons will flow again after reaching a negative half where the electrons peak and then begin to slow down until the magnet has completed a full rotation where it will then repeat this full rotation which is known as a cycle and the number of cycles per second is known as frequency and is measured in Hertz, you have probably seen 50 Hertz or 60 Hertz which written on your electrical appliances means that the power plant generator completes one full rotation either 50 or 60 times per second.

Firstly, the direction of current also changes 50 or 60 tones per second also when it is written on electrical products, is it just telling the user what kind of electricity the product should be connected to? Now let's go back to the sine wave we saw. Previously, the current of this product also represents power and if we connect a lamp in the circuit we will see that it will increase its brightness to the maximum point and then decrease its brightness to the neutral point where the lamp is actually off because there is no current flowing, but then It will increase in brightness again as the negative half of the cycle bears fruit and the electrons begin to flow back in the opposite direction and say again that it reaches the neutral point, so at these points in the cycle the lamp produces no light and at these points in the cycle the lamp is not very bright so it is not used much, so if you are in a work room and this lighting flickers like this, it will be really annoying to improve it, we can add another set of coils or a second phase .

In the generator, can we do this by placing the coils at one hundred and twenty degrees of rotation from the first set of coils and then connecting them to another lamp? This rotation means that the coils will undergo the change. in the intensity of the magnetic field at different points in time the first coil reaches the maximum current and brightness and if it decreases the second coil will want to start increasing, this has improved the lighting because there is still a gap that will cause flickering, for what We in a third set of coils or a third can add phase.

This will mean that one of the lamps is almost always at maximum brightness so the lighting is almost constant. There are still some small gaps between the phases and you can still add more and more phases to fill these gaps, but it will be more expensive to keep all these wires, so the three-phase system is widely accepted because it is a good compromise between power and power. cost to build now in the real world, aren't you going to use three different things? lamps in different phases to create the lamps in your houses are all in one phase but they flicker, it's just that they turn on and off so fast that the human eye can't see it unless you register the lamp slowly.

Movement is a more practical application. Power electric induction motors and other commercial and industrial equipment than three-phase will provide much more power to these items, meaning you can pump water higher or you can run cars faster, etc. Power is usually generated and distributed in three phases and transformers are used to change the voltage. If you want to learn how transformers work we also cover the two links found in the video description below, now one of the interesting things with three phase power that can connect all three phases and power large industrial equipment or you can also connect only to one of the phases and also power small electrical appliances.

This is generally how large tower blocks and skyscrapers distribute electricity throughout the building, they will need lift motors and air conditioning pumps etc. three-phase power, but computers and office equipment need single-phase power, so they distribute three-phase power to the building and then subtract it if necessary. The same happens with the distribution of electricity in a city. Houses will only be connected to a single phase because it does not need much power, while a large building will be connected to a three phase supply as it will require a lot of power, guys what is this video? Thank you very much for watching.

I hope it has helped you and you enjoyed it. so don't forget to subscribe and share this video and also follow us on Facebook Twitter Google+ Instagram and on our website The Engineering Way of Thinking com.