Ein Philosoph in Schwierigkeiten: Martin Heidegger

Yes, a warm welcome to the channel that inspires topics of theology and

philosoph

y. Today we talk about the

philosoph

er Martin Heidegger. I am glad that I was able to find a particularly competent interlocutor because he studied German, philosophy and theater. He earned his doctorate in philosophy with a thesis on literary studies and has continued to do so ever since. If he works as a freelance journalist, for example, the Süddeutsche Zeitung die Zeit and the Tagesspiegel welcome him. Hans-Peter Comic greets you, Mr. Lothar, thank you. Thank you very much for the invitation and this is exactly where Hans Bethe wants events.

Allow yourself to come and tell me why this Martin is today one of the most famous philosophers of the 20th century. How can you explain? He considers himself a main representative. of existentialism that he has and you can say that he actually he traced the philosophy back to the individual, so when he became so great he philosophically there was. It was the new Kanzianism that was very theoretically abstract and very bourgeois reason-oriented and in fact radically sharpened the vision of the individual, so to speak, tried to get each individual to accept his thinking, not the hard work that he also did.

He said that at that time he was the only one who really read things for himself, even if the two of us always gave the impression that he was personally interested in the many philosophies he presented or used in the works and tried to interpret them personally, in reality That wasn't how it was done then, so I always looked for a direct path to the text. He did not want to make a history of philosophy, that is, say what the other person had thought. He wanted to think for himself and that attracted a lot of people and then, through time and time, that was only 27, really. became world famous philosophically because it was a work that also crossed other approaches in the radicality of its questions - there was, for example, what his Master USA always said about things themselves, but when you read phenomenological texts today, often I think I think that's not the case with things themselves.

That was the show, but holy shit, it also went way beyond that. Everyday concepts like that of others, etc. He tried to catch the individual in his everyday situation, in order to speak, capture his problem and then transmit it to people, thus connecting philosophy with life, that was actually one of those things that was the main concern of existentialism, which in reality he found modern existentialism in Kirkeby or it is not fashionable here and he was one of the first French thinkers who began to think about himself and write about himself and not about himself. There are exciting theories to tell about Heidecke, a master of philosophy and language, who has appealed to a wide variety of people and has done so because we will get to that later. , but it's fascinating how he reaches out to a wide variety of interested figures, thinkers, and poets, but before doing so.

About the relationship and the agreement of his book on saints and cells, another question: does the saint come from a Catholic background, the father? Messner of Meßkirch, what role does God play or does he play any role in Heidegger's philosophy? Can you say that? Today he made several statements about it and it is said that his relationship with religion has changed a lot. Throughout his life, he started as a novice in Feldkirch, but then he had heart problems for a month and then he went to theological seminary. He studied in Freiburg, but abandoned his studies and married a Protestant, whom he remarried. got him into trouble with his parents.

He once said, an atheist is not an atheist philosophy, so to speak, but on the other hand it always means that there is a nephew of his who became a priest and tells him that he always went out for walks with him and He crossed himself every time. He was buried in the Catholic cemetery in Meßkirch, but not with a cross but with a star. In his philosophy there is also a wide variety of opinions about whether, for example, we could be said to have replaced God. For them, not so much, so he tried to find out.

To return to being, he often had the feeling that humanity believed, for example, in technology. That was the big theme for him, so to speak, after the Second. World War, not long before. He was an opponent of nuclear energy, that is, the use of nuclear energy, and some people took credit for that at the time and that affected him as well. That's what made it interesting and yeah, the technology was skeptical and. He wanted to return to art at home. He practically said that people have made technology a religion, so they have introduced something metaphysical into technology, so for those who believe in progress, that's where it comes from.

He then he talked mainly about that. Hölderlin was also very important, he gave literature and philosophy very strong languages, he united philosophy strongly and then made a kind of art-religion about understanding or literature as religion as a theme again. It is with him that you cannot understand. To some extent so quickly because there are also countless explanations on the topic. I have now also seen that the late Cardinal Lehmann wrote an 8,150 page doctoral thesis on the subject. The feeling is that not everyone has to say that. it's because he set out to distance himself more and more from that, but maybe in the end something like some people did in the end that I got closer to religion again, but you know that for sure.

It's not him, he also has a well. -well-known saying of his that is also very well known about walking on a star, so to speak, and there is the classic interpretation that walking on the star of Bethlehem is not like that, that is what was one of his life moggi and of course , that wouldn't be classically religious, and on the other hand, that star he has on his grave isn't necessarily a Christian star, so it's difficult, but he really didn't want to be tied down. But it is always said that without this theological training. , they get to his philosophy, so it's really a mixed deal, very, very complex eyes, yes, the way he thinks and you also have to be careful when interpreting what you said, it's a big topic in front of his book and it shows that See it yourself immediately with God and therefore you must first do it and that makes it interesting again.

He, the complexity of him, has written a great Hans-Peter book, Todtnauberg, and I can really only recommend it. It was published in 2020. Now in the second edition and it is about the confrontation between the meeting of Paul Celan and Martin Heidegger with the master of the language, one a poet and the other a banker and it is even more notable that the bride is of Jewish origin from the Senate . I was interested in Martin Heidegger I was excited I wanted to meet him I wanted to meet him still and it's about this the background that Martin Heidegger had in the Third Reich yes, if I say now a strong closeness and that leads me to National Socialism that can do something You realize that you are surrounded by a man who knows nothing about Heidecker and the Nazi era, so I exactly have a consequence, says the holy man, he never wanted to be determined not to say anything, but in reality he had Once, for 23 years, the leader He decided very clearly what he should do now.

He really he knows it very consciously. Before that, he gave his rector's speech in our 33rd, when I was in Freiburg. He was elected rector and really saw himself as a National Socialist. spiritual food of national socialism, so to speak. He then he also called on the students to do it. In my opinion, they really became a kind of desk perpetrator who called on students to go to war for National Socialism, but the leader then broke away. relatively quickly, 34 in part because he simply no longer cared about what he was doing. So he was accepted in the middle, so a Baden interior minister at that time used to accuse him of practicing National Socialism in private and that was also something that It was true that there were many people at that time who thought they knew how it could be done better, so the right was clear that the Weimar Republic had been very bad, but which of them now had the best National Socialism or the best?

Germany and it fell out and Heidegger realized early on that they were no longer taking things seriously or that he wanted to have too much influence and that's why they were rejected and soon he started acting more again and became interested in Nietzsche. , who gave the top league of the conference, but that is where we return to tell Then also to the black notebooks of him, which he has only known for a few years, although he is further away from National Socialism, but not really from anti-Semitism. I also quote some things in the book or a very central passage where he also says 42 43 really bad anti-Semitic things that he didn't know about until recently because it's also interesting that he really didn't just have Hannah Arendts. or many Jewish students and none of them had problems, of course, after that time, but they and the philosopher Herbert Marcuse had the choice to be Jewish.

They studied with Heinecker and he also asked him about the Second World War, what happened and what happened today and no satisfactory answer was given, but all these Jewish students were announced. There was no personal anti-Semitism on Heidinger's part, so no one complained about it. That's why, having been over 90 years old for so long in Freiburg today we said that today was a bit like that, other things were more important, not really, if you were interested in the ancient Greeks or Berlin or something like that then. It was for him. Actually, one of them wanted to learn to recognize himself in or for himself, until then it no longer mattered if you were Jewish or French or something else, which I didn't like otherwise, but I wanted to talk to these people. , he talks to influence them or learn from them, maybe there is something funny in an interview, unfortunately I no longer found it where he says that in the last interview he actually learned more about himself, so when he reads his previous texts or something like that , then he finds that thing interesting So, because he, on the other hand, someone asked him about current philosophy and he himself was very much in love in the old way or let's say that I would in any case, so Paul Celan Martin Saint already built two. opposite poles you can learn what you say famous poets also the flight of death death is a teacher of Germany and I was already the polar opposite of national socialism born in Chernivtsi back then on the outermost border of the Habsburg Empire Jewish background relatives of their parents too.

I lost a concentration camp, so really two opposite poles, the exciting thing now begins these two men. How did I get the idea to write a book about these two, which should motivate you to go? So, personally, it occurred to me. because the conductor of this first meeting would like to say and I say because a theory of the book is yes In reality it was not met because I am the saint so they met three times yes its added value like this but today it has not been opened In that sense, it violated the conditions of a conversation about all the time there and the objective.

He had high expectations for this match. He also came from Martin Buber and wrote entire books on encounters and was a true idealist and valuable. person It is possible for each individual, each individual has to find for himself what is best, what is right, and that is why there is actually no real contact and in the sense that he buffered that, he was actually more interested in social friendship and you sure can do it too. They say that the ID card means that encounters with Jews were, of course, for more or less committed Germans. What behavior during National Socialism was important and, among other things, Martin Buber was. accused of this because he once met Heiligen, there is also a friendly image in which the two old men are sitting together at a table and Buber was actually no longer looking for confrontation, he wanted reconciliation and then said that the person was very important , but the license is a philosophy, but he can't do anything about it, he was just a friendly older man So, sir, they got along quite well.

Rather, he had a real interest because his mother had been murdered in a Ukrainian concentration camp, that is, in a German concentration camp, and in Ukraine, by gunfire. on the neck, his mother, who was very important to him, his father. But he died of typhoid fever in this camp and the accountants actually threw out all of his poetry from here based on the experience that he rented more or less by chance, luck. Under no circumstances, he was then in a labor camp and unfortunately knew how to do road work, but he eventually escaped, so he survived.

He was in a Romanian labor camp that people kind of treated like that but didn't kill, in that sense. Case no or something like that and in this field in that sense, but he also had one of those. It's a kind of guilt complex, it has to be said, because the night before his parents were deported, there was a rumor that people were always being deported, there were so many different people, and he wanted to convince his parents that he did. He had found it hidden and they did not want to go with him, but he managed to do it.

He did not convince himself, especially it is said that the mother had He preferred to think like that, but there were always rumors of deportation and it is said that she said that she no longer wanted to do it, that, so to speak, she had not bought anything, now she had to escape again. you went somewhere else and then they were there you stayedsay it. Really nothing here. He doesn't know anything else and maybe he realizes that it's a book and I actually tried to look at all of them. sources that are out there, so to speak, that were also available and not just a function of writing a book, so to speak, but now I know that He already wrote something ten years ago that explains everything.

No, it's not like that. , but I tried to put the details together so far for this meeting and there has been a wide variety of opinions so far. Example of one of the two radical opposites of the avant-garde but also a well-known one of Heidinger's students who said that in reality today was a pilgrimage to Seeland not the head of the holy side, then there was a French policeman who was a very good friend of the counters and then said Even in the probably overinterpretation that took place today, we should be brought before the court of the dead and that has to go against the completely opposite opinions that we have here and it was precisely between these two extreme statements that I wanted to know what It really happened, as far as we can know, of course we will. link the book and the video, we will also link one or two recommended ones if you feel like building Zehner and Marienheide and we have agreed to read each other a section of the book and what did you choose?

Well, as per the suggestion, I started the position shortly before the conference. There are actually 50 musicians, so we start today. Then there were eleven accountants. This afternoon of July 24, 1967 he gave a large lecture in Freiburg, it is said that about 1,100 students attended. I have been there and today sitting in the first row below there this story is told in a chapter of this special reading which is the fourth chapter in this sense and begins exactly in the radiant with its language the reading of July 24, 9 760 The university building 2 of the University of Freiburg at the end of the 1960s, would have been built at the end of the 1950s, is not a real architectural beauty but is located in the large conference room in which you can listen to Paul Celan probably in front of about 1200 people, so there are various estimates of the large audience he once had.

It is not clear if he ended up reciting his own poems and not translations as originally announced, but the friendly impression of seeing his own books in the store is. The windows of all the downtown bookstores may have been influential and, in fact, Martin Heidegger was the organizer of this window campaign. I love it. I told his bookseller, yes, here comes the counter and he should call the other booksellers in Freiburg and they should put all their books in the windows and on the counters, they actually went for a walk that lunchtime and told the people the Germanist Baumann, who later organized it.

The reading itself said that it was really great here in Freiburg, that the case was almost like a Paris and and the bookstore has all his books, well, that was skillfully done by Heidecker, he wanted to be in a good mood and he was successful and that's probably why he did it. did. His own poems and not just the translations are first read aloud to Martin Heidegger, the organizer of the He sits in the front row of the Audimax next to the speaker. He probably came to this university with the most difficult intentions and, apart from the few years he spent in Marburg, he is long gone.

Heidecker, expelled from the university factory after World War II, can feel at home here again in no other place than in that part of the city and his spiritual life, but he also knows that the next two days will be some of the most difficult ones you will have. To understand the distance as a perspective foreign to his own, he has a lot to hide with his head slightly tilted, he listens to that high voice, which then fails again, in a German that sounds much more oriental than the saint imagined, old man. Dry litanies of the Habsburgs, haft bulut, singing, telling, standing, tired but determined.

The shadows of the league of air for no one and nothing remain unrecognizable to you, alone with everything in it, even without language. Seeland doesn't speak out loud, but nothing. It is clear that from the beginning he successfully defended himself against a microphone, but also those on the side walls quickly fell silent in the huge conference room, without a door, in fact there are recordings of this reading, only today it is still can be heard. The other noises are quieter than the voice that is a few meters diagonally in front of him, but, surprisingly, the saint, who is not a soft and beautiful being either, believes that 34 years ago a heavy German language hit the ears of he.

Less than 200 meters from here he celebrated the highlight of his university career, which he would now like to forget. Back then he gave his infamous rector's speech, just a five-minute walk from the site of Now Paul Celan, the Jewish poet of. Paris and Chernivtsi, is located in the much smaller auditorium of the old building, which had to be renovated after a fire and several bombings. Heidegger no longer wants to know that, but this 27 1 and 2 33 he tried. use science Servants of the new National Socialist regime, although he still avoids the word National Socialist. In this speech, Heidecker is ideologically on his way to praying the spiritual world of a people.

He is the power of the deepest preservation of his honor and. blood powers he presents himself as a new uncompromising academic ruler. The much-sung one about academic freedom, after such a sentence, he is expelled from the German university, considering himself lucky to be able to sit here again, it was like being in. a magnifying glass, that's why I'm the one who is always there, so it really shows again the tension-filled tension of the meeting of these two men, I said that he had a huge dough in Marl and he was also missing on another occasion and then he won By the invitation, I was glad after some readings were cancelled.

There was also a little virtual reading here that Manz can turn to again and again.