COLOSSEUM: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

In 107 AD, Emperor Trajan holds an extended series of games as Trajan succeeds the Roman Empire. Rome is at its greatest, it is successful, it is rich, and Trajan truly embodies the energy, the success, and the sophistication of this extraordinary institution under his leadership that reaches the Roman Empire. Its largest land area, two million square miles, stretches from Britannia in the west to Syria in the east. Rome's 50 million subjects believe in a wide range of different religions and gods, but one underground spiritual movement in particular is gaining momentum. of Christians is growing and what began as a very small movement based in Jerusalem has now spread throughout the Empire, we must always protect our brother Ignatius from those who will easily blow up the Christians and see some of their high priests devoured by lions and will turn to our gods the Roman sea Christianity is a threat because of its promise to undermine Roman conceptions of how power and authority were supposed to work a prominent Christian leader is brought to Rome to be killed most likely in the amphitheater of the city Ignatius of Antioch he is clearly the target of Trajan's wrath because he was arrested, taken to Rome to be executed, being fed to lions, probably in the Colosseum, if these people share the lack of respect for the emperor about the Roman state, that sedition and for that reason they should be killed, the public executions were supposed to teach a lesson to those who witnessed them the fate of the Christians who persisted in their belief was a capital crime it was a crime with the death penalty but this did not it will be an ordinary execution Ignatius is convinced that he is going to die violently and this seems fine to him because Ignatius wants to follow the model of Christ Ignatius is willing to do this die like Jesus be martyred while Ignatius is on his way to Rome he is able to write seven letters and it is because of these letters that we know who he is these are first person accounts of what happened to him how he feels about it why he thinks it is important or could make a difference applause from the crowd above the darkness and heat below one could not To think of a worse place to be there would have been hundreds if not a thousand people along with all these animals crammed into the hypogen, you can imagine what this would have been like for Ignacio.

No, I won't think about the shadow of death ballet. I will fear no evil. He has to wonder if he's going to die. with Grace or will he end up as a gruesome corpse on the floor of the Colosseum marble citizens of Rome in the worst criminals as they experience the true power of the Empire the Roman judicial system Classroom Search I think we have a very high status, would you would allow it to be done in some way that was quick, easy and relatively painless; However, if he was from a lower class or was a slave, then he would be killed quite brutally, which is why we have the English expression being thrown into the lines. we use it metaphorically correctly, but it was very literal in the Roman Empire, people were actually thrown to the lions and they see some of their high priests devoured by the lions, they will return to our gods only with their own words because of their cards. and they can really help us get into their mind the cross the hordes of wild beasts the genius phenomenon of Christian martyrdom is absolutely enormous The enigma in the Roman mind cannot understand it in the same way that they cannot understand the kind of joy they see in the faces of the martyrs in the amphitheaters horrible tortures of the devil says things like he wants to be torn to pieces by the wild beast he wants to be ground like bread between the teeth of the lion the language in him is extraordinarily strong and severe real sense of desire to die with the desire to suffer the tear of my ships by cutting the cubes, he knows that dying as a martyr is actually going to do a lot more to spread the gospel than just standing there and preaching, so when they see this martyr, they will just stand there and die with grace and will .

They're going to ask what you believe in and when they find out, oh man, Christianity is going to start spreading. The Romans' plan to set an example. Ignacio was about to fail completely. Touch it, there are great stories of Christians being thrown before the Beast before. the lions and instead of being eaten by the lions, the lions lay down at their feet who doesn't like the idea of ​​a lion that's supposed to tear you apart instead of turning around to get your belly rubbed instead of eating you strange thing, he held on to his beliefs and died for it, for something he believed in and that must have been surprising to the Romans in the 1st century AD.

Rome is the largest city in the world with a population of over a million people and now, after eight years of construction, the largest amphitheater in the world. the ancient world has just opened the Colosseum in Rome it is one of the most emblematic structures in the history of humanity the new emperor Titus is a war hero who inherited the throne less than a year ago the Empire he now commands began with the founding of Rome as a powerful city-state in 753 B.C. he conquers the Italian peninsula, then ancient Greece, the sailors of Carthage, the pharaohs of Egypt, and, in 80 AD, most of Western Europe.

To mark the opening of the coliseum, Tito prepares a fight to the death between two of the Empire's best. -The well-known gladiators, the champion of Rome Varus and the Barbarian Priscus, are the main athletes of ancient Rome and at that specific time they could be said to be the heavyweight champions of the Roman Empire. What we know about the fight comes to us from Just One Source, but a really important source is the Roman poet Marshall, who was a spectator at the games, he actually saw this fight and saw how it unfolded Marshall's poem is the only one surviving account of this type, the fight it records captures some of the contradictions of Rome. the combatants are celebrated but they are also enslaved our gladiator from Germany and you look towards the imperial box there is the emperor of Rome in person with the power of life and death over you well, that must have been an overwhelming experience the presence of the emperor In the Imperial The box was absolutely key, the emperor could see everyone and everyone could see him.

The games are about the Roman emperors giving the people what they need and it is always described as bread and circuses, they had to feed the people of Rome, but once they were fed. they had to entertain themselves the schedule is an amazing festival of death the standard sequence of events was the following in the morning this is when you had the venationes the Beast fights thanks to noon the meridians this is when the executions of criminals sentenced to death take place in ways that were memorable and in the afternoon is when you have the couples matches the Gladiators that entertained most people when we are not there you are not my friend you were not my brother you are my enemy there are huge What is at stake for Priscus and Bears, the pressure must have been incredible, they are the main fight and they will enter that Arena knowing that one of them cannot get out of their life.

The Gladiators enter the arena through the port of the Son of Avaria, the Gate of Life. If they are victorious, they leave through the same path, if they are defeated, they leave through the port of Libertina, the Gate of Death, the winner will receive a rudus, a wooden staff as a trophy that symbolizes their freedom, so what is The stakes couldn't be higher, it's either death or freedom. alien you have a huge metal pot essentially on your head you can't breathe your sight is limited you are lifting a heavy shield you have 35 to 40 pounds of armor the crowd noise the heat your heart pumps and remember you are fighting for your life plus That will require nerves of steel, but if you fight bravely enough and the Emperor thanks you, you have the chance to be free to become a citizen or to become someone normal, oblivious to a brutal tie, now everyone was dead. his feet but Caesar was subject to the letter of his own law the rules were clear there had to be a winner and only a raised finger could stop the bow if a gladiator is injured if he is in the Arenas he can raise his finger and ask for missio asks survival What marshall says is that they both submitted and the crowd doesn't know what to do with that personal A winner the outcome of the games is ultimately decided by the emperor but he is there to please the audience it is very rare that The emperor goes to go against the people because he doesn't want to be unpopular and the crowd, as you can imagine, is going crazy.

Some of them will have been applauding Priscus. I applaud Paris. What is the emperor going to do? you might say. well both have shown up, both should die, ultimately Titus will have to make a decision but he can't go against his word, there is only one staff and that means there can only be one winner with the toughest symbol of freedom, Titus. literally holding his life and death in his hands alien to both Champions Titus ultimately does not designate won the winner and won the legion both were the victors In this case, the victors over the dead Titus is stealing the spotlight but is showing that he is finally in charge of life and death upon all and if you fight well if you serve well if you are loyal to the emperor then you will be rewarded Titus has used his political instincts to turn a potential embarrassment into a triumphant culmination of the power of distraction control is all he It really represented the Colosseum, imagine what Prisco must feel and endure overwhelming relief, pride, joy and they will have been aware that they will be remembered forever.

Here we are still talking about them in 192 AD. The Colosseum is more than a century old Emperor Commodus has a surp

rise

, he is the title holder fighting as a gladiator Gladiators were in the lowest stratum of free Romans, they had no legal personality, they were in the same category as prostitutes and pimps , so a Roman emperor should try it. Taking advantage of the Gladiators' popularity by becoming one is a shock to Commodus. The Colosseum would become an obsession. A place that would play a pivotal role has

rise

n and

fall

en after inheriting a vast and powerful Empire from his father, the great Marcus Aurelius.

Commodus disagrees. with the ruling class of Rome, the Senate, the sentencing remains the most powerful body of the people, the very embodiment of Rome's elite, the Senate would always be the meeting place of the opposition, the Roman elite were ashamed of the actions of Commodus, they felt that fighting like a gladiator must voluntarily lower oneself. This was the turning point in an already fractured relationship between the two most powerful forces in Rome, the emperor and the Senate, each of these senatorial families having properties throughout the Empire Romano, they are the equivalent of small multinational corporations are rich in a way that is impossible for us to understand, so even if the heart of political power has moved elsewhere, these are still tremendously important people and that is why the Senate is dangerous.

Several emperors had previously been destroyed by their enemies in the Senate. including the notorious leaders Caligula Nero and domination, the history of the Emperor of Rome shows that it is quite dangerous to cross the Senate, but the communists had a plan and it was really to ignore the Senate and appeal directly to the people to win the people over Commodus. incredible tool at his disposal, he has the games less than a year into his reign. Commodus organizes lavish games to celebrate the end of his father's Barbarian Wars because it was such an important event that the imperial family, such as his sister Lucilla, would be there and of course the Senate itself, so they would have witnessed this. event for the Senate, they are an absolute joke.

The travel games were made at the end of great wars that had been fought for many years, wars that established the power of Rome, this was the opposite of that and yet here he was flaunting some sort of triumphant general, but not It's the Senate. Commodus is trying to impress the empress he could communicate with the people in the coliseum in those days you didn't see much of the emperor except him triumphing after great victories. abroad and in the Colosseum where he appeared in his box and the crowd had the opportunity to express what they thought of them, he also assured his people and the emperor and one can imagine thousands and thousands of people singing what they want encouraging the emperor in what he is doing.

Sponsoring and being generous and putting on a show for them was like a contract. I'm giving you these games. You have to honor me. It is extraordinary that an emperor goes to the Sands. This is not something that is expected. The elites, much less the emperor, thank you. Gladiators use their bodies to please the masses, that's why they are like prostitutes, they are like actors. It would have been difficult for the ruling class to accept any of the communists' actions. They were cultured people. They were polite. Hence the fact. that one of them degrades to such a point that he appears in the same profession of the scum of the scum according to Cassius Dion Commodus charges the bankrupt Roman treasury one million sesterces for the appearance of him almost 10 millionof dollars in today's foreign currency After the games, Commodus embarks on an even bigger project.

He intends to rebuild Rome with himself at the center. He renamed Rome the Camodian colony to the colony of Commodus and we would not believe this to be true if it were not for the fact that coins from the communist era showed that this was the case he actually named it after Commodus speeds up the Romans They are going to be called comodiani the Senate is going to be called the lucky comediani Senate fills the city with statues of himself dressed as the god Hercules was a giant figure of an archer who looked a lot like the emperor himself with an arrow pointing directly at the door chief of the Roman senate and if ever there was a louder political demonstration, good message, I am not aware of it, which could not be tolerated even by the world-weary contemporaries of Commodus when Commodus announces yet another game with himself as the star, the Senate knows they must act.

Commodus meets his end at the hand of his gladiator trainer in the hands of Narcissus acting by order of the Senate. There is a kind of poetic irony that in the end it was the figure he admired so much and wanted so much to be the one who ended his life in the year 83 AD, the opening day of a new series of games that Emperor Domitian promises will make headlines the most extravagant beast hunt Rome has ever seen Beast hunt was much more than just fighting animals, it was a way to demonstrate Roman control over the entire world, both the human world and the natural world.

Domitian is a true contrast to his brother and his father. Father Vespasian had been a boastful man and Titus had been charming and Gentle. The mission was tough from a mission perspective, following his father Vespace and his older brother Tito was a difficult task. He is adept in terms of popularity, so the mission had to go in a different direction to gain the goodwill of the world. He decides to use the power of the Colosseum to put on the greatest spectacle anyone has ever had in the center of In this deadly spectacle, a man, a famous Beastmaster or Bestiarius, was tasked with facing 20 wild beasts one after another, most of them Of them they were not successful long enough for us to know his name, but there was a Master of the Beasts whom the poet Marshall mentions as Arpopharus.

They have caught the attention of a poet of Marshall's caliber. The fight must have been incredible. These Masses were simply enslaved people and therefore were also a display of Roman domination over people subjugated by the Roman Empire. These games will rock bigger and better than. Whatever Rome has ever witnessed, the Emperor has requested that a Beastmaster be the main event of the morning, opening a fight with 20 beasts, one after another, demanding that there be rivalry between the opposing beastmasters, After all, there was Glory, Fame and potential Freedom at stake, we have evidence. From this and the cursed tablets found in the amphitheater of Carthage, the cursed tablets contain magical spells and symbols that were intended to evoke the help of demons to harm the rival beast masters, kill, destroy and wound galicus In his time in the amphitheater ring it is a very ruthless industry and obviously everyone is competing for that spot.

It's a very narcissistic sport and what we know is that they really hated each other at certain times or begged the gods to do nasty things to other beast hunters. They tie up Gallicus, Prima's son, and let the bear crush and injure him I'm sorry my friend the gods will decide our fate now the beginning of the games was a big deal for the city of Rome these were held in days holidays a large portion of the population would have had the day off. I think it is impossible to exaggerate the kind of enthusiasm and energy of a crowd that has been repressed to see blood;

The rumor would have been growing for months when at least 50,000 people headed to the Colosseum and crowded in as much as they could. Imagine someone is under the floor of the amphitheater waiting for their turn to go up and fight these 20 beasts, this is the opportunity of a lifetime, you can imagine the stench of fear, the smell of wild animals, everything is ready to go, you can hear. the buzz of the crowd above is almost like a religious aspect to the line he is this revered animal not only was the eagle to the Romans he is he is the top predator he is the top of the food chain and that to the Romans is A representation of Rome, the line has always been a symbol of strength and ferocity in many ancient societies, foreign kings and in the court of Alexander the Great, but what the Romans do is import lions by the thousands, so the Romans always try to go one step. beyond previous civilization then they say it's not just that we can kill lions, but we can mass slaughter the most ferocious and powerful creature that mother nature has to offer overseas, thanks for the poppers, it's an achievement epic that surely Enough has made his name live in history, perhaps because of his victory and his achievements.

The corpophores actually challenged the very foundations of Roman society. Here was an enslaved person who actually elevated himself as a hero and in Victory became a symbol of success for the Roman people. AD Barely three years after the triumphant inauguration of the coliseum, but Rome's new emperor, Domitian, is launching what he promises will be the most astonishing games of all time. Delivering successful games was a fundamental part of being a successful emperor. His predecessors had built the Colosseum that he wanted to build. To improve them, he has to prove to the people of Rome and the Empire that he is worthy of the mantle.

He plans a surprise by ordering a major renovation of the Colosseum, digging a vast labyrinth beneath the floor of the Arena, it is called the hypogeum, and through its sophisticated. Engineering animals, humans and the landscape will suddenly appear before viewers, adding another layer of visual complexity to the Colosseum, so that instead of people coming out of the doors and slowly walking towards the center of the Colosseum, they will appear through from the floor. As if by magic, to design this complex hypogem beneath the sand, Dimitian relies on a skilled master builder. hatarius, the job of creating an underground appearance for the Colosseum well was a task for an engineering genius and his team would no doubt have been under a lot of pressure. pressure to make no mistakes and make sure that on game day everything went as planned, especially the complex special effects.

Machinery designed to dazzle crowds in order to lift enormous cages from the Hypergem to the floor of the Colosseum. The special effects man beneath the Colosseum turned huge winches to make sure that people, animals and scenery instantly arrived where they were needed for the show, but there's a problem. Hutarius machinery is not working now you need to find a solution. It didn't come up as a good idea. From an exhausted mind sleep a little if I don't think of something father, I'll be sleeping forever soon I can't help you, you left me behind years ago with your forces and multipliers, what about the police?

Singapore supplies three more. pulleys The pulleys in particular are vital to the proper functioning of the Hyper Jam. It's almost like an underground sailboat. There are ropes and pulleys everywhere, but there are huge loads constantly on the floor of the Arena, so the Romans don't have power tools, obviously, but they do have a number of physical power-multiplying devices that really produce amazing results. . All the pressure would have

fall

en on Builder Hittarius. However, the whole question is whether he could pull it off. You can imagine what kind of sense of anticipation there was, but equally, of course, for the mission, it just raises the stakes, the crowd could get nasty if they weren't excited about it, but when you have Gladiators going through the floor, when you have Beasts going through the floor, scene changes across the floor, that's the kind of thing that would excite the crowd and get them on board waiting under the Colosseum floor for the festivities to begin would have been one hell of a surreal experience, you would have heard the screams of the injured people, you would have heard the growls of wild beasts you would see chained criminals awaiting execution it must have been a heady but quite horrible experience welcome everyone to the greatest games ever witnessed I am strong the men are ready of the emperor Commission make sure that when we shoot, we threw a show together at the games again throw it throw it throw it foreign it was The Crucible of tension good morning the Colosseum had hosted all kinds of really incredible shows over the years but this was on another level completely the idea of ​​wild beasts Beastmasters appearing through the ground, no one had ever seen anything like it.

One of the amazing things the martial poet describes was the incredible special effects in the Colosseum that were made possible by the hypogem, he says, a cliff crawled away, a forest ran forward, a marvel. Beholding unexpected things could emerge from the stadium floor at any moment and something that could not be seen anywhere else in the Empire would have been far beyond the experience of any normal person, this had to be the best day they had ever had. . There were 50,000 people in the Colosseum who were in these games and the result of these games of domination was fantastic.

The mission for someone who played before the crowd knew that he had to be popular and they helped give him a reputation as a friend of the The Roman people Hutarius triumphs and survives. We have an idea of ​​what happened to Hittarius after this because we have his tomb, the Tomb of the Hatteri. This is where he lays out the story of his life. It is where he tells us about his participation in the construction of the Colosseum. This was a highlight of his life, it was important enough that he felt he must celebrate it even in death with this vast Arena, ultimately total hatred and the three fiery Emperors create one of the wonders of the ancient world, an enduring emblem of the Emperor.

The power and might of Rome, the Colosseum is instantly recognizable and the word itself has come to symbolize the Roman Empire at its height in 401 AD. It has been more than 300 years since the inaugural games were held at the Coliseum. Both Rome and the arena have changed at this point. The Colosseum would have been a somewhat sad reminder of an earlier, more glorious time in some ways, this is a reflection of what was happening in the Roman Empire itself. Now is a new era of Roman history. Rome is no longer what it was. Rome is in decline.

The

empire

was besieged on all sides by barbarian invaders who sensed Rome's weakness. There were Saxons in the north. There were Goths along the Danube border. Franks along the Rhine. Persians in the east. Rome was under threat from the once invincible Roman army. Struggling to stem the tide of enemies on multiple fronts in the year 395 AD, the Empire itself is divided into two halves, neither of which is centered in Rome, it is simply too large for a single person to handle, so each Half of the Roman Empire is ruled by one of Theodosius' sons, the last man to rule. a United Roman Empire, 16 year old Arcadius rules from Constantinople in the East and 15 year old Honorius rules from Milan in the West, they are very young, very inexperienced and clearly not up to the job, neither of them both never. visit Rome this means that the city that is the ideological and spiritual heart of the Empire is a kind of backwater but a man wants to revive Rome by holding the most luxurious games seen in the Colosseum for many years his name is simicus this is a man who was very literate and who wrote many writings throughout his life, so we have a good record of who he was through the letters that have survived and which have been collected by his son Memius, who was devoted to his father, we have a real window into the life of this man who was desperately trying to preserve ancient Rome is a leader of the Senate and in the absence of the emperor in Rome is one of the most powerful people in the city.

Symbicus in many ways is a throwback, someone who is bound by tradition, he wants to maintain the old order and reverence for the old gods, but there is a new God on the rise in the late 4th century AD, we believe possibly up to 50 of The population had converted to Christianity, even both Roman emperors are now. Christian for simicus and his followers organizing games in the arena provides the perfect opportunity to reject this new religion simakis and people like him would have seen the Colosseum and the games within them as absolutely essential to Roman life for the greatness of Rome as a city where games were organized was unsettling to Christian senators, but it was not necessarily something they absolutely thought couldn't happen.

There is no doubt that the Christian senators would have attended the games of Simicus because, more than anyAnother thing, it is a great social event for the Romans. Elite and although some members of Rome's elite remained pagans, others have converted to Christianity, what united them much more than faith was the fact that they were members of Rome's elite, but the name is Telemachus, a fanatical monk who fiercely opposes the old ways of Rome. an oriental ascetic monk someone who has renounced all worldly pleasures in his search for the Christian God comes to Rome from the East and therefore looks with terrible eyes at the things that were happening in the Colosseum is a man who wants to see that worldview come to the In the end, exactly a Roman pleasure seeker in the name of the one true God, was on a collision course with the powers that be in Rome and his beliefs are completely at odds with pagan beliefs in the name of the one true God, what is it?

Doing so is as far as he is concerned what is happening in the amphitheater he had to be detained foreigner he wants to end these games in the name of our true take it from here now please face his wrath what Telemachus did was unprecedented and shocking, It really was the first time in almost 600 years that someone tried to stop a gladiatorial fight at any event where there was going to be bloodshed, the crowd had an expectation of violence, the bloodshed attracted the crowd and captivated them, the The people of Rome were always capable of breaking out into violence, the crowd became so outraged and the entertainment was interrupted that they threw stones at Telemachus, so for a Christian monk to come in and interrupt the game is like walking directly into the cultural fault line that It is dividing people in the heart of Rome.

He said that because he was trying to revive the traditional values ​​of Rome, then it is a complete failure. Roman society had followed the word. Of the death of Telemachus in the Colosseum he reaches the emperor in Milan horrified by the violence he orders a total ban on gladiatorial combat throughout the

empire

things were never going to be the same no one was going to spend the How much money simicus made no one will ever go back in time and make Rome the center of the universe again 162 AD. The Golden Age of Rome The Empire of the mid-2nd century is at its Pinnacle in terms of its territorial extent and its wealth is an Empire that is leading the world in Science and culture in philosophy and in medicine are truly the cultural center of the universe.

At this time, medical authors, architects, philosophers come to the city because they are attracted by Rome itself. Among those fascinated by Rome is Galen of Pergamon, a brilliant medical scientist whose works are still studied today Galen is probably the most influential figure in the history of medicine, he was an author, philosopher, scientist, physician and an incredibly ambitious man, his writings survive, which is true for very few doctors of this period and we know that it is Galen coming to the Colosseum to attract the attention of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, one of the great minds of the Empire.

Marcus Aurelius is at the bottom of the five good emperors. Marcus Aurelius was an intellectual and was very involved in philosophical reflection and, in fact, his nickname is sometimes the philosopher king. He was an extraordinary character. He had been chosen at a very young age and trained to be Emperor and for once they got it completely right, but Marcus Aurelius does not rule alone for long. The first time in Roman history two emperors ruled side by side, the Israelis' adopted brother, Lucius Virus, they were almost opposites, they reigned together perfectly because they were two sides of a coin.

There is no greater example of how absolutely opposite these men were in their attitude towards the Colosseum for the games, someone like Marcus, who was so intellectual, so philosophical to him, the endless and useless bloodshed made no sense, on the other hand side, absolutely yes, it is a vulgar sport, it is a vulgar vice, but he adores me, a surgeon like Galen plays a crucial role in keeping the Gladiators alive, but he wants more Galen was such an ambitious and motivated individual that he wanted to become the best doctor in the world. disease, I mean, besides the expected diarrhea, vomiting and fevers, what happened to the skin was really disconcerting, calves would form and then fall off leaving horrible lesions, its effects were devastating, people didn't seem to have immunity previous and they killed a large percentage of the people he infected no one is saved, including the emperors, not even you, it is nothing as a doctor I met once cured you, Demus, when no one else could, claims to have an attitude towards any poison, do you want to bring it here?

On top of this, I can't just watch you die, the Roman Empire has never been free of disease, but epidemics like the one Marcus Aurelius is experiencing, that's something new, it quickly became clear to the high command and to the emperor himself that they were struggling with a health problem. crisis of the highest level Marco, who actually reacted by summoning Galen from Rome, imagine that kind of emotion that would have been in Galen at that moment, this is my chance to serve the emperor directly and on the other hand, it is as if this was really bad. situation I'm going to address the situation that Galen found when he arrived at Aqualea was more serious than anything he could have imagined.

Caitlyn gives us a pretty detailed description of the symptoms and based on those symptoms we think it was probably smallpox, it could have been the first one. appearance of smallpox in the Mediterranean world there are some arguments that you are seeing a lot of hemorrhagic smallpox, which is a really lethal form of smallpox where a lot of bleeding occurs under the skin. This crisis presents itself in many ways for the Empire, but in a very different way. and essentially for Galen, the defining challenge of his life, more than perhaps at any other time in human memory, the disease had become an existential threat to Rome itself, the winter he spent at Aqualea was very difficult for him, it is rare that he expresses despair or feeling. of being overwhelmed, but that's exactly what he does: he treated hundreds of plague victims and says the entire population struggled to survive that plague winter in 168.

Varys didn't get very far, just 50 miles from Aqualea, because Marcus Aurelius is left alone to govern an empire ravaged by the plague, he has enemies on the borders, an army devastated by this disease knows that the responsibility is his to govern the Roman Empire by himself, not to be on the front line and now we can focus his attention on his favorite activities Reading Writing composing scientific journals and similar Galen is probably the most influential figure in the history of Medicine, he left us an enormous collection of medical texts, in fact, he is probably the most prolific author of antiquity.

The Greek works comprise about 18 of all ancient Greek manuscripts of which we are aware that Galen's medical text contains Islamic and European medicine defined over 15 centuries abroad AD. The Colosseum has been open for 27 years and stands as the ultimate symbol of Roman values. Sam was the purest expression of the Roman Empire, simply put, he was the symbol of how to live as a Roman and how to die as a Roman with strength, courage and honor, but the game begins, but now new controversial fighters are entering the arena, women, so gladiators or also known as gladiatrix were extremely rare in Roman society for several reasons, especially because they represented an investment.

Gladiators embodied foreign masculine energy. This turn in gladiatorial combat is supported by Emperor Trajan, who came to power nine years earlier, in 98 AD. Trajan was an amazing character he was a tough general he was incredibly successful he was unpretentious he was immensely popular he really was chosen as the ideal emperor from the beginning the foreigner had an interesting self-image the best emperor that was his self-image the best and he saw himself As the quintessential emperor of Rome, he took all the best qualities of his predecessors, but also expanded the Empire of Rome to an unprecedented level during his 19-year reign.

Trajan pushes Rome's borders to their greatest extent gaining Arabia, Armenia, Mesopotamia and Dacia, which is modern Romania at the end of Trajan's rule the empire will stretch across two million square miles he will train hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war to Rome the female fighters of Nation provide the perfect opportunity for new entertainment Trajan could have looked at a gladiator as another sign of his greatness and his ability to provide an increasingly new and more exotic spectacle to the people of Rome, the Politics is partly show business, the public at the Colosseum expected increasingly forbidden and fascinating things, a fighting woman was the new delicacy par excellence. to please the jaded appetite of the Roman crowd but a gladiator is different nevia she is a rarity a free citizen of Rome and that fact infuriates the popular youth satirist infernal expresses a real social anxiety there is a conventional moral attitude that Rome had become soft and that all the virtues of the Roman style had practically disappeared, there was also concern when fashions such as women practicing as gladiators arrived, that this would somehow tear the fabric of Roman society, the female fighter could be seen as a dilution of what that made Rome great, it was also something you wouldn't see a Roman do mevia could well have been the first documented Roman woman to take the gladiatorial oath okay, repeat after me I will endure I will endure being burned to be burned shame change hit hit and killed by the sword killed by the sword thank you Mark understand what this contract means and there are three more here than me at home the oath of the Gladiators unites the trainer and the Gladiator for better or for worse, they are in this together this is like an oath of macabre marriage that she is signing herself over body and soul.

The Gladiator oath is one of the most serious vows you can take. You are committing yourself life and body to the life of the Gladiators, so you willingly or voluntarily submit to this rigorous training knowing that in the end she could die in the Sands of the Colosseum abroad, there is no way out for her, her family probably I would have disowned her because it would have been a shame to remain in the family history, she would never have been able to return to them, she would never have been able to marry or have the life that her parents had hoped for her.

The whole Gladys Trail fight was a fight to the death because If someone did not surrender and basically indicated that they had surrendered the fight would continue until someone killed a gladiator. might submit they would raise their finger in submission the emperor will address the crowd and ask their opinion on what he should do, whether the subdued Gladiator should be allowed to live or whether he should be killed the Roman idea of ​​clemency is a imperial virtue This goes back to Julius Caesar but when we see it activated there is a positive side but there is also a sinister side and it is a way for the emperor to indicate that I am in complete control.

Mevia's victory resonates far beyond the walls of the coliseum, but after her documented appearance in the arena, little is known about her and she earned a place in youth writings. It is possible that she dominated female gladiatorial combat throughout Trajan's reign.