Battle Of Waterloo: The Day That Napoleon Fell | Napoleon: The Man Who Would Rule Europe | Timeline

On April 11, 1814, Napoleon undaunted boarded HMS at Fresu and sailed to the island of Elba to begin his exile. His journey from Paris was fraught with danger when royalist mobs stoned his carriage and hung him in effigy at the end of April. Louis XVIII had been restored to the French throne at the invitation of the French Senate. A month later, the first Treaty of Paris was signed. France was to be contained within the borders of 1792. All the lands conquered by Napoleon were lost. France found itself isolated in Europe. It was all On April 6, 1814, Napoleon abdicated, his armies were defeated in eastern France by overwhelming invasion forces, particularly Austrian and Prussian, and with Russian support, British troops had invaded southern France.

Napoleon's marshals were no longer reliable and, in fact, it was a collapse. between his ruling group and his senior military commanders who helped force him to abdicate, it was the allies who did not execute him, but he was sent into what was by any measure a humiliating exile: the man who had been emperor of the French who had been crowned with the crown of Charlemagne, who had been king of Italy, was now left as a principality on a small island of Elba off the coast of Italy, was in a rather terrible mental condition and had himself never really lost in the campaign of 1814. but he was still in a position where everything he had fought for was about to be denied him.

The allies refused to allow him to meet with his wife María Luisa. They refused to allow her to join his son, the king of Rome, Marmal, who. was one of his trusted marshals and his friends had allowed himself to be convinced to hand over a large number of men to the allies, the marshals' revolt, Marshall had not, and the others came up to him and said, listen, friend, It's over, it's all over. He was no longer going to campaign for you and abandoned you, even though he had accepted exile as inevitable. Napoleon had no intention of making him permanent for the time being, although he settled in his new home, the city of Porto Ferio, where he was enthusiastically received.

On the part of the local population, their first impressions of the island were not promising, there were signs of deprivation and poverty everywhere. Napoleon decided to improve the fortunes of his new hosts. Napoleon had resistance, he was able to regain his spirit and after his exile. to Elba he committed himself to be the Emperor of Elba with passion he built roads and fortifications and went around the city talking to the people he received delegations of visitors he did everything he could to make it work but there were problems uh he certainly was a very busy man and he kept very busy He did not dwell on his misfortune, the misfortunes of his past.

I think at the same time he harbored the intention of leaving the island at some point and certainly he was attentive to what was happening in France, he realizes the growing unpopularity; in fact, he had never been particularly popular with Louis XVIII in France and also, as his psychological strength recovered and his physical strength recovered, he felt increasingly limited. Elba was increasingly determined to regain his position. Napoleon's health began to improve as the Poggio spring water helped alleviate his dazuria. He began overseeing improvements to his house in Portofario, which he had decorated to look like an Egyptian temple.

He reserved rooms for his wife and son, confident that they

would

soon join him, he also continued in contact with Josephine, who still kept Napoleon's apartments at Mao Maison just as he had left them, but they

would

never see each other again on the 29th. May. The former empress died of diphtheria. She is only 50 years old. History Hit is an award-winning streaming platform created by history fans for history fans. Our goal is to bring you award-winning documentaries covering the events and figures that have shaped our world, all in one place. Journey with us to the fascinating world of prehistoric Scotland or discover the lives of the people who called Pompeii home.

We also aim to bring you the stories and legends that shaped our world through our award-winning podcast network. Sign up now for a free trial and Timeline fans will get 50 off your first three months just be sure to use the code Timeline at checkout. However, Napoleon had two companions in Elba, his mother Leticia, 64, and his sister Pauline, but Napoleon still longed to see his wife and son, but Maria Luisa remained in Austria. Napoleon wrote to her constantly and she did not respond in January 1815, she sent Napoleon a formal New Year's greeting and then she disappeared from her life forever.

Napoleon blamed his father-in-law for turning Marie Louise against him, an enthusiastic supporter of marriage when Napoleon was at the height of his power, Emperor Francis disowned him now that his fortune was in decline money was becoming a problem for Napoleon and his family the Treaty of Fontemble had given Napoleon a fairly considerable pension which was to be paid by the French Louis XVIII Louis XVIII refused to pay anything to Napoleon, now the British, among others, urged Louis, please pay the pension, don't give this Corsican ogre an excuse to cause more problems. Let him live peacefully in Alba and leave us in peace, but again.

For reasons that make no sense, the French refused to do so. Louis had refused to pay Napoleon, he agreed to a 2 million pension from France, so what was Napoleon going to do, sit in Elber and starve or die? have a last drink of the day? chose the release Louis XVIII, exhausted by gout and with sexual impotence, was proving to be an unpopular monarch, the return of Louis XVIII, he raised all kinds of warning signs for revolutionaries old and new in France, eh, I don't remember who said that. the problem with the bombers they had forgotten nothing and learned nothing and that seemed to be the case immediately after the return of Louis XVIII.

He makes a series of concessions to revolutionary political culture. He recognizes that something has happened between 1789 and 1815. We cannot simply turn the clock back to 1789, but he is a desperately mediocre man, severely overweight, although he is an intelligent, lazy, self-indulgent man, as lacking in charisma as Napoleon was full of it, he commits a series of serious errors that gratuitously offend. a number of old soldiers, especially those who are still serving and close to him, all kinds of alarms. Bells are ringing that perhaps despite the promises that have been made that the biennial lands that were confiscated from the church and Emmy Grove in the past.

The 1790s would be re-expropriated to its new owners. Louis himself was a pretty well-meaning guy actually, but the immigrants didn't mean well, they were coming back to these former nobles and clerics and they were starting to demand their land back, they wanted all their land. They regained their old privileges and, admittedly, Louis tried to prevent it, but for many French it was like wait a minute, we fought a revolution and we had Napoleon and now they wanted to go back as if 20 years of History had not existed. Then Napoleon began to believe that returning to France was best for him and best for France.

Faithful to my motto, all for the French people, I resolved to return to France not with the ambitious purpose of recovering my throne, but to place myself between the factions. I have always thought that France only wanted equality and I had given it the perfect quality. I now knew from events that she also desired freedom and I resolved to make France the freest nation in the world on the 15th of February. 1815 Napoleon's former foreign minister, Hugh Bernard Marais, sent a secret ambassador to Elba begging him to return. Napoleon was cautious; as a great student of history, he knew that few exiles had returned successfully, but if Marae thought he could succeed, he resolved to take the risk. mother agreed that you are doing the right thing, it is better to die sword in hand than in undignified retirement one evening on February 26 Napoleon set sail on the fickle on March 1 Napoleon's small entourage and three ships and maybe a thousand later They set foot on French soil for the first time in almost a year now Napoleon has to worry about how he is going to get back, he needs at all costs to avoid any fight as soon as there is some kind of pitched

battle

that he probably fought through, he needs to develop the The French and people in the rest of Europe have a feeling that he will return because people want him, so he takes a rather secluded route through the mountains to Grenoble.

The army left at midnight eager to reach their destination. goal as soon as possible, the unsurprised Louis Napoleon headed straight across the Alps with only brief stops to eat and sleep. They marched through snow and ice climbing up to 3,500 feet on March 4. They had reached Dane, where they were warmly received in another two days. being in Grenoble Napoleon issued a proclamation calling on the French army to join him if the people and the army do not want me in the first encounter 30 or 40 of my men will die the rest will throw down their muskets I will be finished and France will be calm if the people and The army loves me and I hope they do.

The first battalion I find will throw themselves into my arms and the rest will follow. Louis XVIII discovered very quickly that Napoleon had landed at Tib as the The new semaphore system instituted that began in 1794 had spread the news to Paris very quickly and he gets up and moves as fast as his portly frame allows him and I cannot tell Who blames him after all, his brother had been executed in January 1793 as in fact, he had several other members of his family, including his sister-in-law, Queen Marie Antoinette and his cousin, the Duke of Orleans, and many other friends and relatives, so I don't blame Louis XVI for fleeing, after all, there were still a lot of radicals, a lot of old Jacobins in Paris who would have welcomed the opportunity to finish the job and suffer the head of another member of the bourbon family.

Louis was pragmatic, he was aware of the growing popular support Napoleon was receiving, he did too. He did not want to plunge his country, his newly adopted country, into a Civil War. These factors weighed heavily on him and he decided to lay down the throne, leave the crown and leave the country. Martial Suit (now Minister of War) planned to intercept Napoleon at Leong. He sent a message by semaphore Telegraph to Grenoble ordering the shipment of weapons to Lyon, surprisingly, the press thought the whole thing barely deserved a mention, an act of madness that can be solved by some rural police, he goes on the mountain road and, honestly , its reception in First of all, there are quite heterogeneous people who see it while passing through their cities or on the roads and are quite curious about this hula Napoleon is back, what is that all about?

And they're not exactly excited because I don't really know what. do with all this, but the further he goes, he starts picking up more and more people, has interviews with people along the way and starts talking about how he doesn't want to conquer territories anymore, he just wants to

rule

the France that he wants. to recover the revolution he wants to return the Enlightenment to the people of France he says I'm old and fat I really don't need to conquer more territory and I think that's true, I think he realized that his only real chance, number one of winning the support of the French people and number two that the people of the rest of Europe allowed him to return without opposition, was to convince them that he only wanted to govern France two mornings later.

In the village of Cop Napoleon was awakened with urgent news Pierre Cambron, commanding the vanguard, reported that a battalion of the Fifth Line regiment was only a few miles to the north under the command of Major de la Sr, despite Having 1,100 men compared to Delasar's 700, Napoleon was in no situation. He was willing to fight against his own countrymen. He had a deep abhorrence for the Civil War. He ordered Canberra not to open fire. Instead, he ordered his Polish lancers to advance. He slowly removed the men from him. Napoleon ordered the lancers to turn and return by deploying his gorilla. to attack Marseille while the men of the 5th were in a trance Napoleon rode forward and dismounted someone recognized the former Emperor and gave the order to shoot Napoleon opened his familiar gray coat and exposed his white vest as a target to the soldiers and says you know the soldiers of the fifth regiment, uh, if you want to kill your emperor, here I am and there is a moment of silence, someone shouts vivlam or long live prayer to the emperor and chaos breaks out, everyone harasses him, the officer who had been trying to catch.

Let them shoot, of course, at that moment it is totally out of place and all the soldiers approach him waving the shacos on the tips of their Bandits, the soldiers rushed to hug him, tore the white cockades from their hats and replaced them with the trick. ribbons banned by King Louis that they still carried in their backpacks that all these old soldiers longed for after the Days of Glory from 79 96 to 1809, when they devastated all of Europe raping, murdering, looting and receivingpats on the back for it. They were terribly interested in peace and poverty, so when Napoleon appeared, all of Old Glory was immediately welcomed by them, they were hungry for his return and thought nothing more than to have another glorious

battle

and win it, one by one, ten by ten regiments. per regiment they

fell

under his spell and dropped their banners the reaction of many of the French was one of uh Here comes an adventurer a player and very little attention was paid to him, particularly within Paris itself, but as his advance towards Paris It continued and so The number of people who came to him increased, so I think they considered him as a potential um not a savior, but certainly a restorer.

At seven o'clock that afternoon, Napoleon learned that a dense column of troops had been attacked. He ordered to march south in battle formation, although clearly outnumbered, Napoleon prepared to resist them and ordered his men to They will occupy defensive positions. He was lucky. He recognized his commander as Charles de la Bedoyer. Colonel of the 7th line regiment. The young officer had given in and hugged once. Together, Napoleon combined forces and presented the regiment's colors. They marched towards Grenoble, where they found the city firmly defended by two thousand men. A local peasant group of about 2,000 men marched up and down under the walls.

He walks in Triumph through the gates of Grenoble. The Grenoble officials refused to open the doors, so the citizens broke them down and then presented Napoleon with the destroyed pieces of wood that made up the doors and told him that since they did not want to open the doors, we have destroyed them and here they are Napoleon said that once he arrived in Grenoble he was once again a reigning Prince before he had been an adventurer now he was a reigning Prince the game ended when the police advancing the population realized that they do not have to put up with this Bourbon monarchy any longer. , there is an alternative and that alternative is Napoleon.

Napoleon entered a tumultuous reception at an inn, was hoisted on the shoulders of cheering citizens and carried up the stairs to Triumph and his return to the throne now. He seemed confident, but there was an obstacle in his way in the form of his former comrade Marshall. No, there were several of his former marshals who decided not to join him for various reasons and, for example, accompanied the king against other prominent figures. They had grown tired of Napoleon's incessant wars, they had become rich, they had become big shots, but they could never enjoy it. You can't enjoy being a fat cat when you're freezing to death on the stairs in Russia, so no.

They had their properties, they wanted to enjoy them. Napoleon's appeal had faded for them and they decided they wanted no more of him. Not Marshall, who had been his trusted martial officer, the bravest of the brave and in Russia, etc., he had become quite comfortable. with his lifestyle with Louis XVIII and he swore to Louis XVIII that he would go and bring Napoleon back in an iron cage and proceeded to try to do so, but he soon found out that his soldiers were about to have none of it and if He tried to bring Napoleon back into an iron cage, he would have a little revolt on his hands, so he changed his position, he gave a proclamation to his soldiers, soldiers, we were about to join the great Phalanx marching towards Paris Could you join? and recover the glory of the Empire, etc., etc. and of course Napoleon was very glad not to because that was the last real obstacle between him and Paris.

Napoleon had promised to be in Paris on March 20 and at nine o'clock that night. Twenty thousand citizens applauding wildly greeted his entry into the city. I had covered the route from Captain Tib in half the normal time. What we have just achieved is the work of the people and yours. The only thing I did was understand and appreciate you once again, I was Emperor of France. sails towards France lands on the coast of Provence and heads north on March 20 is in Paris not a shot has been fired to stop him Louis Marshal May turned to support Napoleon and Louis XVIII is forced to flee when he gets there, you are well aware of the fact that if he is to operate once again as head of state he will have to operate in an environment of constitutional monarchy and with that Finally, he makes a series of proposals to the liberals to see if he can obtain their support.

The Liberals would certainly be difficult to win. One of the most eloquent among them was Benjamin Constant. He has reappeared. This man died in our blood. He is another Attila, another Genghis Khan but more terrible and hateful because he has the resources of civilization at his disposal instead of ordering the imprisonment of Constance Napoleon invited him to the tweelery to reassure him and explain his intentions the new constitution the minutes were drawn up in cyanial and on April 12 a plebiscite was held whose result was overwhelming: 1.3 million voted in favor and only 4,206 against, even Benjamín Costa was satisfied that Napoleon did everything possible after his reinstatement in Paris to delay the clock at 18 13 18 in early 1814.

He, um, erased all the reforms in the army that Louis had carried out. He restored to the regiments their old and sacred numbers that had been erased by the king. He returned to them their tricular concave under which they had fought so bravely. He called them to arms to defend France, not to defend it, to defend France against the allies, and his call was practically irresistible to all the French, they flocked to his banners. What he seeks to do is reestablish his old regime, the conveniently modified Bonapartist O regime. he makes all kinds of concessions to contemporary public opinion, um, he indicates that he won't run such a tight ship but it won't be so much of a police state, there will be more freedom of opinion and all the other civil liberties will exist.

There will be more constitutional representation and consultation, etc., there will be less militaristic ambitions of the past. All this rhetoric pours out of him in a constant stream, whether someone believes it or not is a different matter, but this is a very short period. Remember it's only 100 days and your main uh of course is what you had to spend most of your time raising some kind of army to avoid reprisals from the Duke of Wellington and during Napoleon's exile Francis signed an alliance with England and Austria and many in England were reluctant to break it now that Napoleon was once again emperor.

A member of the English Parliament was typical of the general consensus. Bonaparte has been welcomed in France as a liberator. It would be monstrous to declare war on a people to impose upon them. a government they did not want, however, wanted to turn the allies against Napoleon. He was at a dance with Wellington Metanath and Tsar Alexander when news of Napoleon's return reached Vienna. Tyrone persuaded England, Austria, Russia and Prussia to each put 150,000 men on the field to crush. the emperor forever the emperor sent his special envoy, the monk Trump, to metanik to sue for peace he also wrote a letter in his own hand to the prince regent in England methenic refused to see the envoy the prince regent's letter was returned without Opening war was now inevitable there.

There was a real mistake in his strategy and it was something he couldn't really avoid because he needed to act quickly as to when to abandon Elba, but the Congress of Vienna was still going on, so all these leaders of the various coalitions against him were still where they could make decisions quickly he sent letters asking for peace he sent letters, you know, to his father-in-law, the Emperor of Austria, saying "my father-in-law, please send me my wife, please send me my son to I want to have peace, I don't want anything else, he sent the same thing to the Emperor of Russia and so on and so on, but they didn't accept any of that, they declared him an international outlaw, whatever that may be, and they said that we're not going to go simply to fight against France, we're not just fighting. against Napoleon, we are going to crush him, we are going to send armies against him so that Napoleon cannot avoid having to fight to maintain his position, it is not clear that there has ever been any alternative.

After the resumption of the war, certainly the Allied powers in Vienna had no intention of responding to any peace attempts by Napoleon and began planning a war to put Louis XIII back on track. Napoleon, in turn, attempts to rebuild the army and army that has been devastated by years of fighting, an army that, for example, the horses, many of the horses had eaten or died in the invasion of Russia and the French cavalry never was so good again he tries to build an army, but he also knows that after all he has to attack quickly against him, there will definitely be the British, the Austrians, the Russians, the Prussians and a number of other minor allied powers from King Louis Napoleon inherited an army of one hundred thousand that soon expanded to 300,000.

French loyalists who had flocked to the colors of their own volition in early June, English and Prussian forces began to gather in Belgium ready to launch an invasion of France , upon receiving news that the Austrians and Russians were not yet fully mobilized. Napoleon decided to attack first what he decides to do is try to defeat the enemy armies in what was then Belgium. He decides to try to defeat them in order to provide such a convincing account of his own military success that it will win him support within France and encourage other powers in Europe. to accept his return to power and deal with him, the Austrians and the Russians are the European powers that take the longest to deploy their troops, they have more time to go further and also their arm takes time to deploy, and in Belgium there are two forces with The ones he has to face are a Prussian army under the command of Marshal Bucca and there is a force that is a mixture of British Dutch units and some allied German units under the command of Arthur Wellesley, now Duke of Wellington, neither of them are forces brilliant, the key units in the British Army included many of the units that fought under Wellesley's command and the peninsula were in fact still in North America at that time, just after the end of the War of 1812 with the Americans, so there is an opportunity and what Napoleon decides to do is try to defeat the forces. they oppose him separately and he has to in a sense because they outnumber him two to one.

On June 11 he left Paris. Two days later he arrived at our Vang, where an army of 125,000 awaited him at dawn on June 15. they took the Russians by surprise and captured Charles the Prussians were surprised by Napoleon's rapid advance shalwa partly the fall of the commander on the spot partly the total depression High command that exposed him in that position and did not support him in the report In response to their reports of increased activity they were forced to retreat towards Lingi the next day the Prussians took their position at Liney with Wellington to Katra bra seven miles to the northwest Napoleon planned for whoever commanded the left to attack Katrobra before pressing on Brussels the French They invaded Belgium on June 15, the next day, contact battle, the Prussians are in ligni.

Napoleon attacks them. He wants an attack on the front flank and rear to destroy the Prussians. Marshal May is supposed to move through Catra bra to push back the British there or any British. that he could be there and to attack the Prussians in the flank and rear does not do so, he did not hesitate and at one o'clock Napoleon sent a second order. I am surprised by his long delay in carrying out my orders. there was no time to lose the attack with the greatest impetuosity, everything in front of you was not initially fighting a very small force and could easily have swept them aside and taken the campaign north to Wellington, but for some reason they were quite timid He seemed convinced. who was facing the bulk of Napoleon's, excuse me, Wellington's army and, as a result, was reluctant to move forward, was a little different from the Brash uh, the bravest of the Brave Marshall, no, but the fact is that stalled and delayed and was very timid and meanwhile Wellington was actually sending more and more soldiers into the area, so that when Marshall May finally decided to do something about it, he was facing a pretty formidable force of British soldiers and from other countries.

Wellington was arriving with increasing forces. and at five in the afternoon Wellington had a superiority of approximately three to two over Nay and the opportunity had been lost. Napoleon, on the other hand, was fighting the Prussians in line and was having much more success as the Prussians retreated. outnumbered he was one ace away from capturing blucher nay's hesitation, although it meant he had to abandon his plan to take brussels the next day he visited the wounded prussians in lini gave them brandy and ordered their wounds to be bandaged he then detached thirty thousand men under Emmanuel de Grushi to pursue the remaining Prussians, I would say thathe could have sent grushi Marshall grushi with his soldiers on an immediate attack and nothing more would have shown them exactly where the Prussians were heading and they could have done it in a few. more of them, but he waited and waited and waited until the next morning, he finally manages to tell Rushi to go after Marshal Blucher of the Prussians.

Now it takes Rushi hours to get his soldiers up and moving. Anyway, it's early afternoon before he continues the chase. and they don't know exactly where the Prussians went. This is important because it is this delay that actually allows the Prussians under Marshal Blucher to move into a position where they can finally support Wellington's forces at Waterloo. Napoleon then decides that he will turn. against the British in pouring rain, Napoleon and did not pursue the English as they retreated towards Brussels six miles ahead. Wellington took up a position on marsaja, a piece of High Ground near the town of Waterloo.

Napoleon established his headquarters to the south at a nearby farm called the cairn the next morning while Napoleon was having breakfast with his generals his brother Jerome brought new information he planned to march from wavra to join Wellington stupidity after a battle like Lenny it is impossible to them joining forces we have 90 chances in our favor and not 10 against us The British and the Austrians feel especially in this sense because they had been fighting more or less continuously since 1792 in the case of the Austrians. 1793 in the case of the British had spent gigantic sums of treasure and oceans of blood during the last quarter of a century.

In the 19th century the Austrians had gone bankrupt in 1811. The British were suffering serious financial difficulties as indeed were all the powers, so there is a general determination to put an end to this menace once and for all. The good old warhorse had decided to go against the advice of his chief of staff. His chief of staff was the one harboring some resistance Who, along with the British blush, ordered them to head to Plant Noir for Waterloo as quickly as possible and join the final battle against Napoleon at 11 o'clock, after an hour of sleep, Napoleon awoke refreshed and took up his position at Higher.

Land near Rossom's farm mounted on his white mayor Desiree surveyed the field, he must have been extremely sure that the rain had stopped and his army was numerically superior with 72,000 men against 68,000. He also had 90 more cannons at 11 25 of Napoleon. gave the signal for his guns to open fire while Jerome attacked the enemy's right to withdraw the troops from the Wellington Center, the bombardment continued for an hour and a half, then Napoleon ordered the first car of the compdell to attack Napoleon and at the end it will be punished For French tactics at Waterloo in particular, it can be argued that successive frontal attacks took advantage of the strength of the defensive firepower of the British and Allied forces and did not overwhelm their opponents.

There's some truth to that, I mean, I could have done it. It could have been a battle. He could have tried to make much more of an attempt to flank his opponents or attack them hard on the flank. He doesn't know why, well, part-time wants a quick battle. He wants to face them first. they may regress in part his current physical and mental state he is sick he is tired he is exhausted and I think it is fair to say that there are also specific problems with the French army um, it is new, it does not have enough power in terms of artillery the artillery itself, the Deployment was delayed by overnight rains, which ensured that the ground, the clay soil, had been flooded a little, delaying the battle, but having said that it is still a battle that must be fought, the artillery hits had surprisingly caused bit.

Damage to the English ranks, knowing the power of the French artillery, Wellington had driven his men back on the opposite slopes, then moved them to the top of the ridge where they fired on Long's troops, inflicting substantial losses. The guard faced some opponents. who were not exactly lazy and the reputation of the British army as a rifleman was maintained wonderfully at Waterloo, they shot the guard to pieces and the guard could not stand it and they broke down and fled as the French retreated, the Scots Graves gave chase. Napoleon sent the 6th and 9th Courage against them, the Scots were annihilated but at a price the French had lost 5,000 men by 130 in the afternoon Napoleon moved his headquarters to La Balalias there a surprise awaited him Jerome's intelligence had been correct Lucas The advanced guard had arrived suddenly Napoleon was forced to fight on two fronts Bleacher's appearance on the scene at Waterloo in 1815 is of symbolic importance in a way he was a very old gentleman by the standards of the Napoleonic war and, However, he possessed the necessary reserves of physical stamina and moral courage to muster his army, which man for man was probably the best army in any of the Allied fighting units or, indeed, and certainly superior to Napoleon's troops for get them going and get there on time.

Blucher was a very interesting, extremely aggressive and bloodthirsty. person who hated Napoleon and the French and sought to avenge, as he saw it, a deep sense of humiliation inflicted on Prussia by Napoleon after 1806. In a way, therefore, blucher personifies an important change that has taken place in the way in which the ancien regime The powers that waged the war have now learned all the lessons of the French and Napoleonic revolutionary wars and are applying them with lethal effect against those who created them in the first place, that is, launched the main assault against Wellington to Although horse after horse was shot out from under him in 630 his efforts were rewarded when he captured the salt farm.

Napoleon needed to act quickly before the main bluca force arrived. Their plan was to send five battalions of guards to the Morsaja slopes under the command of Marshal Nay. Despite the rapid and accurate fire of the English guards pressed at this point, a second Prussian core under the command of Von Zetan arrived and attacked the guards from the right at the same time Wellington sent three regiments of hussars charging down the hill where they broke one of the guard squads. The news spread quickly. The guards once thought that Invincible had scattered in confusion. Napoleon now knew that all was lost.

He tried to retreat in good order. One could always ask the hypothetical question: what would have happened if the Prussians had not arrived? I think what I would say is that at the end of the 19th century. day, a final breakthrough, even if it had occurred as a result of the French commitment of the guard against the British, would not have been the enormous blow that it would have been earlier that day because it would not have been possible to exploit the victory as one would have been able to do if one had Knowing that there were many hours of daylight left, Napoleon's first instinct was to gather his troops at Shalwa and continue fighting, but there were already fears that in Paris the assembly might surrender in his absence, he hastily returned. to the capital, arriving at seven in the morning on June 21, the stress of the battle and three sleepless nights had taken their toll.

Napoleon was very ill. Louis Davao, his faithful Minister of War, urged Napoleon to dissolve the assembly, instead demanding that he be granted full powers which were refused. The Allies would never make peace as long as Napoleon remained Emperor. They gave him an ultimatum: abdicate or be deposed as there was no alternative. Napoleon agreed to abdicate. Napoleon retired to Mao Maison on July 3. He arrived at Rochford and found it blockaded by the The English warship Bellerophon attempts to flee, an elaborate plan was devised whereby he would be taken by frigate to the United States of America and take refuge there, but when he reaches the coast, in change, they recognize it. and he surrenders to the British to the sound of the belerophone.

I come like the mystics to throw myself upon the hospitality of the British people. I place myself under the protection of your laws. Napoleon was taken by the British to Saint Helena six thousand miles from nowhere with no prospects. To repay the British for his credit they did not put him in prison or execute him, but to his enormous discredit they put him on an unsanitary island and treated him as if he were a common prisoner instead of a former emperor. You wouldn't do that to other kings and monarchs who sought asylum. Napoleon had sought asylum with the British and the British government had rejected him.

I wonder if he remembered something he had said earlier with disdain about the Austrians whom he had just defeated for the umpteenth time. He said the problem with the Austrians is that they always have an army and an idea behind the rest of Europe, but French historian Albert Sorrell added that the Austrians always had an army and always had the idea that Napoleon was left without both of them. The last years he spent in exile on Saint Helena, where he had recreated himself to reflect on his mistakes and write his memoirs. Where had everything gone so wrong?

I have fought 60 battles and I assure you that I have learned nothing from all of them. I don't know on the first, on May 5, 1821, after a long and painful illness, Napoleon died, some authorities say it was from inhaling arsenic fumes from the wallpaper in his room over a long period, others claim that he was deliberately poisoned, the common belief for many years was that he died of stomach cancer, there is now a growing belief among scholars of this period that he was poisoned with arsenic, which weakened his condition and then, in the end, They administered a series of relatively common substances that finally killed him and caused him to die when four days later his coffin was lowered into the ground.

The root was full of English soldiers with their heads bowed in respectful silence. A great man had died. A legend was about to take place. From birth we often position Napoleon in terms of a grand trajectory of military history from Frederick the Great and the Prussians in the mid-18th century to the revolutionaries, the French revolutionaries in the 1790s and the beginning of the People's War, then it passed to Napoleon and finally, in the 19th century, we pass to the Prussians as they convert. the Germans and Multca and the German unification wars and the idea is that it is quite clear that Napoleon is the vanguard for his period of modernity, military modernity, he is going to be successful and in the end he only stopped when other powers have developed. his forces to match what the French can do Napoleon was a spirit of Enlightenment Napoleon was trying to reform himself to improve the lives of the people he fought Wars because in many cases those wars were imposed on him by these various coalitions that did not want to improve in people's lives the Austrians and the Russians and the Prussians were afraid that their own people would have the idea of ​​freedom and equality and and the freedom granted under the civil code and so on Napoleon is seen by people all over the world even today as the father of modern Europe may be the father of the European Union as someone who advocated leaving the old order and entering the New Order it was an imperfect movement of course it was Napoleon imperfect of course it was he spread himself too thin he did a good job a little greedy maybe he shouldn't have done this or that, but if you take it as a whole, if you look at Napoleon as a whole, you see someone who added a huge positive boost to the history of the world and there is not much.

There are many people. in the history of the world of which it can really be said that Napoleon is one of them. The world is ultimately better off for having existed.