Basic Chemistry Concepts Part I

The penguins represented electrons, but for the love of God, don't draw penguins and your Lewis structures and dots, they'll get you kicked out of class, so what we do is we literally draw dots around the element to represent the valence electrons and that is Lewis' point. structure of carbon, how easy is that, so let's look at nitrogen, so to draw the Lewis dot structure for nitrogen, all you have to do is draw the symbol for nitrogen and then circle it and draw the valence electrons starting on top. Now this is how to draw these varies this is the way I was taught starting at the top and going around the nitrogen it looks like this so let's look at the aluminum so here is the symbol for aluminum.

Aluminum has three electrons in its valence shell, so you draw them going one, two, three. that's aluminum, so let's finally make argon. Argon has a full valence shell so we're going to draw one, two, three, four, five, six, seven eight, a full valence shell for argon and it's as simple as that, so check this out if you look down. in the column of all the noble gases and draw the Lewis dot structures for each one you will find. They all look the same because they all have complete valence shells and this explains why all the noble gases are happy as they are and do not form bonds with other atoms because if the goal is to have a complete valence shell and you already have one, you don't need to play with others, the only thing that could confuse you is helium and what you have to remember is that helium is a very small atomic number two, so which only has two electrons, so you have to remember that that In fact, the first shell is filled with two, while everyone else coming down from this group will have an outer shell filled with eight, so let's practice when we practice drawing of Lewis structures.

All you need without the penguins is a periodic table, so the atomic number of lithium. three, it will have two electrons in the first shell, leaving you one in the second shell, so when you draw the Lewis dot structure, that is one electron in the valence shell for oxygen, you have two electrons in the first shell, six in the second for a total of eight, so you extract oxygen with one, two, three, four, five, six electrons in the valence shell, which is your Lewis dot structure for oxygen, sodium has two in the first layer, eight in the second, one in the third, for a total of eleven, the sodium is drawn like this, so it's actually not that bad and, although most biology teachers don't show you the structures of lewis dots, you'll have to do it in

chemistry

anyway, and honestly, if you understand lewis dot structures, everything else will be fine for you. a lot more sense, so here are the first twenty elements and the Lewis dot structures for each one and what you'll notice is that as you go down the vertical columns that we call groups, they all have the same Lewis dot structures and that explains why they have the same Lewis dot structure. the same chemical reactivity and why they will form the same type of bond is not so cool, how powerful is that, so understanding Lewis dot structures will make predicting atomic interactions much easier and you will be able to predict what will happen when for example two hydrogen atoms come together because unless you are a noble gas you will have to play with others to be happy and that is what atomic bonding is and that is why two hydrogens come together to form hydrogen gas h2.

They are both going to share their single electron so that each can have a stable complete shell as always. I hope this was helpful. Thank you very much for visiting Penguin Prof channel. Please support by like, comment, share, subscribe and join us on Facebook. on twitter as always good luck