All you need to know to understand 5G

The new 5g network technology is currently being deployed in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and many other countries around the world. What's new? Do you really use microwaves like in microwave ovens? It's something you should worry about. I started investigating. I am completely convinced, I tell you this is the usual nonsense that cell phones cause cancer, but having seen it in more detail now I am not so sure of everything you

need

to

know

to

understand

the 5g controversy, first of all, what it is the 5g. It is the fifth generation of wireless networks.

The installation of antennas is not yet finished and will probably take at least several more years to complete, but in some places 5G is already working and now you can buy cell phones that use it. What is 5G for? It promises to deliver. more data faster by up to a factor of 100. Optimistically, it could catapult us into an era where driverless cars and the Internet of Things have become a reality. How is it supposed to work? 5G uses a variety of improvements in data routing that make it more efficient but the biggest change that has attracted the most attention is that 5g uses a frequency range that previous generations of wireless networks did not use, these are millimeter waves. and yes, they are the same waves used in airport security scanners. the difference is that in scanners you are exposed for a second every two months or so, whereas with 5g you would be sitting on it at low power, but possibly for hours a day, depending on how close you live and work to one of the new antennas As their name says, millimeter waves have wavelengths in the millimeter range and those used for 5g correspond to frequencies of 24 to 48 gigahertz.

If that number doesn't tell you anything, don't worry, I will give you more context in a For now, let me Tell them that the new frequencies are about a factor of 10 higher than the highest frequencies previously used for wireless networks. Another new thing about 5g is directional antennas. Complicated word that basically means that the antennas not only radiate the signal in all directions, but they can point in a particular direction and that is an important difference. If you want to

know

how the signal strength drops with distance from the antenna, generally speaking, it becomes more difficult to know what is happening because of these new features.

Conspiracy theories have flourished around 5G and there have been around 100 incidents, mainly in the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland and the United Kingdom, where people have burned or damaged 5G phone towers, dozens of cities, counties and nations have stopped facilities, there have been protests against the launch. of 5G technology around the world and groups of concerned scientists have written open letters twice, once in 2017 and once in 2019, each letter attracted a few hundred signatures from scientists, not a terrible number, but also nothing before that we can move forward. to give you some minimal background on physics, so bear with me for a moment.

Wireless technology uses electromagnetic radiation to encode and send information. Electromagnetic radiation is electric and magnetic fields that oscillate with each other, creating a freely propagating wave that can travel from one place to another. electromagnetic radiation is everywhere light is electromagnetic radiation radio stations broadcast music with electromagnetic radiation if you open an oven and feel the heat which is also electromagnetic radiation these seem to be different phenomena but physically they are all the same the only difference is the wavelength of oscillation we commonly use different names for electromagnetic radiation depending on that wavelength, if we can see it, we call it light, visible light with long wavelength is red and at even longer wavelengths, when already We can't see it, we call it infrared, we can't.

We see infrared light but often still feel hot at even longer wavelengths, we call microwave radiation and if the wavelengths are even longer they are called radio waves. On the other side of visible light, at shorter wavelengths than violet, we have ultraviolet and then X-rays and gamma rays the new millimeter waves are in the high frequency part of microwaves. Now we can call electromagnetic radiation a wave, but those waves are actually quantized, meaning they are made of small packets of energy. These little packets of energy are particles of light called photons, you may think it's an unnecessary complication to talk about quantification here, but knowing that electromagnetic radiation is made of these particles, photons, is extremely useful in

understand

ing what it can do. radiation, because the energy of photons is proportional.

At the frequency of the radiation or equivalently, the energy is inversely proportional to the wavelength, so a high frequency means a short wavelength and a large energy per photon, a small frequency means a long wavelength, which means small energy again, that is energy per photon that the frequency of Electromagnetic radiation tells you that the energy of the particles in the radiation is very useful because if you want to damage a molecule you

need

a certain minimum amount of energy, you need this energy to break The most essential thing you need to know to measure how harmful electromagnetic radiation is is whether the energy per photon in the radiation is large enough to break molecular bonds such as the bonds that hold them together. the DNA.

Breaking molecular bonds is not the only way electromagnetic radiation can spread. harmful and I'll get to the other forms in a few minutes, but it is the most direct and important damage that electromagnetic radiation can cause, so how much energy does it take to damage a molecule? Damage begins to occur just above the high-energy end of visible light with Ultraviolet radiation, which is the light that causes sunburn and that you have been told to avoid, has wavelengths that are a little shorter than the visible light or frequencies and energies that are a little higher in terms of energy. about 3 to 30 electron volts per photon an electron volt is just a unit of energy if that's not familiar to you it doesn't matter you just need to know that the binding energy of most molecules is also in the range of a few electron volts yes If you want to break a molecule, you need energies above that bond energy, so you need frequencies equal to or greater than ultraviolet, that is because the energy for the damage has to come with the individual photons in the radiation yes individual photons don't have enough energy to actually damage the molecule they just pass through or sometimes if they reach a resonant frequency they will move the molecule.

If you move the molecules, that means you heat them, so what matters for the question of whether you can damage a molecule is the energy per photon in the radiation, which means the frequency of the radiation, not the total energy of all the particles in the radiation, of which there could be many if you take more particles, but each of them has an energy below that needed to damage a molecule, it just moves more. All the radiation used for wireless networks, including 5g, uses frequencies well below those necessary to break molecular bonds, it is even below infrared, so in this sense there is clearly nothing to worry about, but as I mentioned, breaking molecular bonds is not the only way electromagnetic radiation can damage living tissue because tissue is complicated, it's not just physics, you can also damage tissue by simply heating it and the amount of heating you can get from radiation Electromagnetic is not determined by the energy per photon, but by the total energy per time that is transferred. for all the photons and in the fracture that is absorbed by the tissue, the total energy transfer per time is called power and is commonly measured in watts, so the frequency tells you the energy per photon, the power tells you the energy total in photons per time.

For example, if you look at your microwave oven, which probably runs at about 2 gigahertz, which is a really small energy per photon, about a million times below the energy needed to break molecular bonds, but a microwave oven works at about 400 or even 1000 watts and that's high in terms of power so a lot of photons at a time, on the other hand if you have a wireless router at home it's quite possible that it runs at a similar frequency to your oven microwave oven, but a wireless router typically uses something like 100 milliwatts, i.e. 10,000 times less than the microwave oven, and the router radiates out into space, not into a closed cavity, that's a relevant difference for a simple reason.

For geometric reasons, if the photons in electromagnetic radiation are distributed in all directions like they do for antennas like your wireless router, then the density of the particles will be reduced, meaning the power will decrease very quickly with distance from the sender. . So in wireless communications, the highest power you'll be exposed to is if you're close to the sender, and it's usually not your cell phone. an antenna because antennas tend to be on a roof or a mast or in any case not in your ear. Okay, long story short, frequency tells you the energy per particle and determines what kind of damage is possible.

The power tells you the number of particles and it falls very quickly with the distance from the source the power alone does not tell you how much is absorbed by the human body going back to 5g what the 5g controversy is about is whether electromagnetic radiation from new antennas pose a health risk 5g actually uses electromagnetic radiation in three different parts of the spectrum called low curve, mid band and high band, the frequency of radiation in all of these bands is below that required to harm molecules, the mid-band frequency is indeed comparable to that of your microwave oven, but there is really nothing new in this.

Microwaves have been used for wireless networks for more than two decades. The radiation in the high band is the new millimeter waves. This band has so far not been used largely for telecommunication purposes simply because it is not very good for long range transmission - electromagnetic waves in this range do not travel very far and can be blocked by walls, trees and even humans, for Therefore, the idea behind 5G is to use a short-range network made of so-called small cells for millimeter waves, these small cells must be distributed over distances of approximately 100 meters. Small cells communicate with macrocells that use the medium and low bands with antennas that operate at higher power and that perform long-range transmission so that 5g is fully functional.

The network is likely to increase exposure to millimeter waves that have not been used before in mobile phones. This means that people who cite the lack of correlation between cell phone news and cancer incidents over the past 20 years didn't understand what these studies don't understand. tell you something about the high 5g band because it wasn't used before, now the thing is that if you look at what is known about the health risks from long-term exposure to the new millimeter band, there is basically no studies, we know that those millimeter band waves cannot penetrate deeply into the human body, but we know that at high power they heat the skin and irritate the eyes exactly what power is too much in the long term no one knows because it simply has not been researched enough In this regard, it is for example a review issue published about a year ago that concluded that the available studies do not provide adequate and sufficient information for a meaningful security assessment and here we have Rob Waterhouse, vice president of a telecommunications company in In the United States, Waterhouse admits that although millimeter waves have been detected, they are used for many different applications, including astronomy and military applications.

The effect of its use on telecommunications is not well understood. The majority of the scientific community does not believe there is a problem. However, it would be unscientific to say outright that there is no reason to worry. That is not like that. It is very reassuring and the world health organization writes that no adverse health effects have been causally linked to exposure to wireless technologies, but so far only a few studies have been carried out on the frequencies that 5g will use, so that the protests you see against 5g am I'm afraid to say that they are not entirely unjustified, don't get me wrong, damage the property of otherspeople is certainly not a legitimate answer, but I can understand the concern.

We have no reason to think that 5G is a health risk. In fact, it is reasonable to think that it is not a health risk since this radiation is low energy and disperses in the upper layers of the skin, but there is very little data on what the effects of long-term exposure may be. . How you should proceed in such a situation depends on how willing you are to do so. tolerate risk and that is not a question of science, it is a question of policy, what do you think? Let me know in the comments. This video was sponsored by nordvpn, which is the software you install on your laptop or phone that keeps you safe while browsing.

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