23 Fascinating Jobs Around The World | Big Business Marathon | Insider Business

From people who make food ads to sculptors who build clay models for car companies, we travel the

world

to learn about the

world

's most

fascinating

jobs

. Our first stop is Detroit, Michigan, where we watch Ford build a life-size clay model of the latest Mustang. Clay models are built in Top Secret studios that are even more restricted than in-house manufacturing plants. Designers develop vehicles that have not even been announced. This is area 51 of the automotive industry. Yeah, I mean, we work in a secure facility that has only a few members. Mark Sadler has been a clay modeler for decades and now runs teams for Bentley.

He worked on unique models such as the Bentega SUV, clay honeycombs, and tennis ball-sized rods or cylinders. cans of balls, it's more like the Play-Doh we played with when we were kids. Traditional water-based ceramic clay would dry and harden too quickly. This specialty. Clay is stickier and more malleable. The modeling team's first design sketches became multiple reduced clay models. a meter long once they decide on the design they want to move forward with 3D scanners they convert it into digital graphics which can be further edited with software which can include aspects of virtual reality and then the data is transferred to a milling machine the modeling team first build a frame with steel and wood to support foam blocks, making a complete model with solid clay would be too expensive and would weigh at least several tons to make the clay more manageable, they heat it for 24 hours in a special oven at a temperature of around 140 degrees Fahrenheit.

Spend a couple of days spreading one to four inches of soft, warm clay on different parts of the model, once it cools to room temperature and hardens, you'll be ready to shape it in just a day or two, the router can carve a full-size model, but It's not close to being finished yet, but modelers still have to smooth out the corners and edges of the surfaces. This is where craftsmanship becomes critical. I have met people who come from the porcelain industry and who have migrated very quickly and very easily to the clay modeling side, but I have also met people who no matter how much training you give them, how much guidance they just don't receive, too.

They carve important details like hoods, roof lines and fenders, all by hand. I mean, you can probably have at least 60 70 Tools in your box that do similar things but do it in a slightly different way. Their tools may look like medieval surgical instruments. They are very, very simple things. I mean, this is a pretty clunky tool, but it's almost like a cheese grater, so you can actually scrape off a lot of clay but keep the surface pretty flat and level, but this strange collection of razor blades and wires has been responsible for some of the most beautiful cars in history.

Clay modeling dates back to the 1930s, but the technology has changed dramatically now, driven by computer. Machines take hours to do what used to take days or even weeks of manual work, yet the tools used to actually sculpt are mostly the same. This is a very simple tool that we use and you just scrape it like this, this is what we call Slicks now they are very thin steel, but what it allows you to do is shape it and then you can use that shape to drag down the surface of the clay. The real advantage of clay is versatility.

Modelers can experiment and make a change that may or may not work, but it can be easily fixed if modelers make a mistake, use a heat gun to smooth the area and add more material or remove it to get the fuller image. of what the vehicle will look like. 3D printers produce headlights. grills, mirrors and more the hard parts or the three-dimensional printed parts that develop with the model, so they will become more and more detailed as they go and the small materials in those parts will also develop, so it could be a painted part to At first it will end up being a piece of glass.

In the end, the team uses 3D scanners to create a digital version of the model, so it can be instantly shared with the company's engineers and designers around the world. Near the end of the process, the clay models. They are covered by a shiny film called dynoch that resembles a painted sheet of metal. It gives modellers an idea of ​​what the real car will look like. The film can help identify errors in the bodywork that need to be corrected and modellers are no strangers to corrections despite how much faster scanners and milling machines have performed this process.

It can still take years to finish a clay model. More than a dozen changes can be made to the model before it is given the green light. Car designers can continue to adjust details in the body only millimeters. Engineers will make changes to its structure that will improve the vehicle's crash test ratings by sculpting these different changes. Modelers rely on a tool that everyone is familiar with. The tape we use is a type of blood scotch to stick to the clay so that when the areas If we want to change something or we want a more defined guide to help us cleaning services, we can put this on and then we can work a surface while these simple adjustments can be done by hand.

Major changes require the model to be completely re-milled. From updated data, the combination of materials and the amount of labor is what leads to those six-figure prices for automakers. Bentley tries to stick to a strict 12-month time frame, but that's not the case for all the designers who spend more than four years building this Ford. I model F-150 Raptor with almost 2000 pounds of clay, no matter the company, once the modeling team starts they race against the clock, the biggest challenge we always have is time, especially if I have the head of the department. exiting the head designer exiting out of sight no, I'm not happy with that I need to change this that the wing the whole body side is trying to balance everyone's wants and requests and what they really want to see, you know, and get that right deadline we have to meet, so what makes these expensive clay models more useful than virtual ones?

Car manufacturers can test a car's aerodynamics. Computer programs help, but they need a real-life model to test this thoroughly. To do this, they use a giant wind. tunnel as a huge fan spins Engineers use a smoke stick to see how easily air will flow under and around the car on the road. It's called resistance and it helps measure how much energy a vehicle needs to move. This tells how much fuel the car will consume. eventually consume, in some extreme cases, companies can spend more than a thousand hours in the tunnel testing a model design before committing to full-scale production and modellers are ready to make adjustments on the spot, but most importantly is that models are used to see how a car works.

The prototype actually looks like, you can see things like how the natural light plays on its curves, only a real 3D model can show what it will look like when it's actually on the road. You're trying to create something that will catch someone's attention and almost grab their attention. The heartstrings get the emotions going and sometimes you just can't do it with digital or virtual reality, you just can't do it, so that hands-on process is necessary, no matter how accurate and reliable it is. return virtual reality design technology. Clay modelers like Mark don't see their practice disappearing anytime soon.

You will always need a physical model to verify the data you receive. I can see the generations coming now that are more accustomed to using different virtual reality software and there. There will be more confidence in what they see virtually, it helps the process, it definitely helps speed up the development of these products, but I think ultimately there will always be a need for a clay model in some form. We are in Samuel Brittany, France and we are about to visit the body, a traditional mesondo bar or a butter dish when you imagine butter you probably think of a yellow block in a plastic bag, well not here, here the butter is It is made by hand, everything is beaten and shaped by hand and I can't wait.

To see that, in February we met with Jenny Bordia, son and grandson of butter and cheese makers who brought to France the 19th century malaksage technique using this large wooden wheel to knead the butter to generate the edge of the malak, it is a more romantic way. To make the foreign butter unique, these are 50 kilo blocks of butter extracted from milk and a pretty standard in the manufacturing industry even for the most artisanal, but while everyone else we use huge centrifuges to filter out the last remaining drops of whey butter in the body. The workshop is flattened with a wooden wheel and handcrafted by Eric.

Let's do it. It will give the butter a new life. It dates back to the end of the 19th century. The stool was first used to rework different butters into the body. It also helps give the butter the desired texture. animals it's easy foreign foreigner oh man, this goes super fast, okay, okay, thank you when you see him doing that, he also has a harmony, it's not easy, let's see what he said, it's 50 kilos of butter, so we try to lift a little it'll be like 10 kilos at a time it's uh foreign salt this step is crucial to make sure that the butter finally rejects all the excess water that it has Yellow opera concerto so I can actually see it getting wetter and wetter talking about more foreign water, they work with all the techniques, but they are not trying to recreate an old recipe.

Thanks, you like this too. Okay, voila, it's very salty and the butter and the butter, obviously, foreign, right, oh um, the problem is yeah, yeah, very. fresh, very fresh and yes, in case it was like seaweed, but it's not fishy at all, it's nice and sweet, it really reminds you of Seaside Seaside when you sit on the beach and you can smell it like that, okay, yeah? You are like I have been catapulted into the image now it is wonderful, yes, very incredible, and on this is your signature from Brittany because you are from this region, they are the roots of my uh, my identity.

I'd like to try that then. after it's ready, each pile of freshly churned butter is placed into this butter cutter, another machine signature to address them, um, so this means there's still water coming up Antoinette, here we go, the only thing left is to give it shape and like the rest, everything is handmade its shape and size are custom some chefs can order these bite sized shapes Others can just buy the full stack and take foreigners the first time they eat sandwiches thanks foreign foreign machine foreign is amen the Smithsonian Natural History Museum houses more than 600,000 specimens of birds from the last 200 years and new specimens are added every month thanks to the detailed work of specialists who preserve the skin and maintain each bird in the collection, but the Most of these birds never see the museum floor, why?

The response to research must be perfectly conserved, whether it's identifying birds killed by airplanes or discovering evolutionary changes in duck beaks, we're not just preparing this bird for use tomorrow, we're preparing this bird for use for hundreds of years, now we were to the Smithsonian to see how a specimen from the Skins collection is added, prepared and used for generations to come. It starts with the acquisition. It says here on the label that this ostrich was sent by King Minolik as a gift to President Roosevelt. The door was donated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service this bird comes from the personal collection of President Theodore Roosevelt and this Cooper's Hawk died when crashing into the window of a building, it was donated in 2017 and is about to be featured in an upcoming exhibit, but it was initially stored in this freezer, so it's on the left shelf, from there our Falcon is taken to the preparation lab in the expert hands of museum specialists like Christina and her husband Brian Brian, You did that?

Yes, I mailed the cotton. Fat married couples. This specimen is 9926. So I prepared at least that many birds and mammals. When you have around 10,000, it shows that you've been doing it for at least probably 20 years or so and you can do it blindfolded. It was a fun and entertaining exercise, and actually worked blindfolded or not, the specialists first defrost, weigh and measure the falcon and then take a scalpel toStart separating the skin from the muscles and fat since these are going to be stored as dried specimens from which we want to remove the greatest amount of muscle.

The specimen we can Brian removes the skin from the bird's body, discarding the soft tissues and oil glands that would cause the specimen to rot and it is crucial to remove every bit of fat without damaging the skin, as these specimens are meant to last. In the years to come, that's where softer tools like your hands come in handy. You have to go very slow and methodical to remove the skin without tearing it. I'm pushing the skin instead of pulling it, so I'm not stretching it. Brian also uses corn on the cob. powder throughout the process to absorb body fluids so the sample stays clean.

New people use much less powder and more experienced people simply cover it with powder when removing the smaller parts of the bird, such as the head or eyes, the angle of the scalpel. It also makes a big difference if you notice I'm cutting into the skin. There have been times when when you grab the eye, it squirts at you. Sometimes birds that have more oil on their skin need to undergo additional cleaning. All this white, sticky stuff. It's all fat that needs to be released, otherwise it will go rancid and then acidify and literally just ooze out of the skin.

They use this grease wheel machine to remove all the grease until you can see the feather prints. This is what is needed. a little practice because if you press too hard you will tear the skin once the fat is removed more corn cob powder is used to absorb the moisture and then the sample is washed and dried you want to see me remove the sawdust okay. That's how it is with We do this in the fume hood because, as you can imagine, I'm going to blow a lot of dust everywhere. Christina uses a forced air dryer to remove the sawdust and a hair dryer to fluff the feathers, adding a nice shine. them to prepare the presentation of the bird.

Brian will first attach the wings to create a limited range of motion. It approximates how far a Cooper's hawk would have naturally spread its wings, so in the future, if someone grabs the bird and spreads the wings, they will see the underside of the wing tying it up will make the specimen stronger. The specimen is ready to be stuffed with cotton recreating its original shape. We are trying to make a specimen that will last forever and be strong so I am not a tailor or seamstress but I can sew a bird pretty well, we get the feathers to make sure they are arranged correctly in the right order which will help the researchers later.

The last step is to dry the board in position, however I end up pinning it in place. The way the rest of your Smithsonian career will look, it probably takes about 100 Birds before someone can do it alone once they get to a thousand Birds, so we say that person is usually an experienced trainer and can teach others. very well people after approximately 10 days this Cooper's Hawk will be completely dry and ready to debut on the show floor the hawk will be just one of 20 specimens on display for the lights out display all the birds that have died flying into the skyscraper windows and will eventually join the largest fur collection, with more than 470,000 specimens, helping researchers around the world, like Lauren and Joshua, investigate how mating between domestic and wild ducks has changed the size and structure of their beaks, or Jim with the feather identification laboratory equipment.

He works with government agencies to identify birds killed during airstrikes. We receive around 10,000 attacks a year. The busiest times are fall and spring, and this place, the bird division, is the perfect place for us because we have 80 percent of it. of the world's bird species represented in this collection, so if a bird strike occurs in the world, we are likely to have a specimen that matches this is a specimen of a bird strike, the remains of a collision of a plane with birds that has been sent to us for So that we can identify ourselves, we can see that we have a pair of wing feathers.

Here we have a tail feather. We have some body feathers, so we can take out this feather and match these tail feathers pretty well with the barn. we swallow and we even have these pretty peach feathers that we're making. Their findings are sent to airfield biologists and engine manufacturers to fine-tune planes and reduce accidents. This bird was collected in 1878, so this bird was collected before airplanes existed. We even imagined it and included it in this collection and now we're using it to identify a bird collision with an airplane, so we never know what these specimens will be used for, but that's why it's really important to preserve them forever.

A separate wing collection also helps. deeper analysis of the feathers in the old days they didn't do too many spread wings or flat skins and then we in the feather lab really like that because it allows us to access the feathers that are under the wing and access different areas of the bird where we could get a tube of feathers but it is very difficult to get into a traditional museum skin. It could be biomes found in the as Gary discovered that the vulture wings have a bacterial group called dinococcus, one of the most resistant organisms that can withstand high radiation, so when I expose this wing to full sun, the temperature during the day today it would be 90 degrees outside and in about three minutes the temperature on the surface of this wing heats up to over 160 and that probably explains why dinacoco is so dominant because it is one of the few bacterial groups that can actually reproduce in the Smithsonian , these are just two of the two picks within the poultry division.

There is also the collection of organs soaked in ethanol for preservation, the skeletons with each bone of the birds meticulously numbered and mounted that were no longer on the exhibition floor. of these are timestamps of the current bird population that create a record for future generations of researchers when the first bird preparers prepared Birds, they had no idea what DNA was, although they did not know that by making a constant preparation of birds, this has allowed the future. researchers to do research on birds and you know, I wish I had a time capsule to travel to the future and see what our birds will be used for in a hundred years.

There's a bustling operation behind the sleek cameras of food commercials. dozens of people and some custom robots to make a burger look this juicy. Oh, nothing here is simple, as the work we do is incredibly complex, very technical. His difference has filmed commercials for big brands like Hershey's Pines and Pepsi through his production company. garage and there is a lot of money at stake filming a 30 second commercial can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and they are working around the clock because they use real food that doesn't stay pretty for long, that's the misnomer for everything baking does . harder things we visit Steve's studio in Brooklyn, New York to see how his team films the perfect burger today Steve and his team are working on a test shoot for Burger King, they will use it to try to get the customer, yes, the good one whale Brett Kurtz is a veteran food stylist, his job is to make the burger look like a Whopper.

He usually has a budget of a couple thousand dollars and always buys way more than he will use so he can pick out the perfect bagel, patty, and veggies. He gets to work but doesn't cook the meat completely because he didn't want it to shrink too much. I wanted to get as much volume out of this piece of meat as possible to get perfect burgers that need the finishing touches, so I use a colorant made of sauce darkener and soap to give it a charred look. You only have to paint half of the burger because the camera Film on one side only a mixture of Vaseline and pulverized meat helps fill in the holes and those grills mark another trick of the trade Brett heats up metal skewers and then I just poke the burger with the hot metal and it chars then melts the cheese using a clothes steamer, how did you change it?

I just show. I just said you're for food, but I'm also trying to control the amount that comes out, so I covered some of the holes for the onions and tomatoes at a slant so they lay flatter, well, yeah, my mother would have been happier, they are tricks with Venture cream to hold. ingredients for condensation in the cans we will use glycerin, yes, while Brett finishes. Steve's team is making sure everything is ready on set. The most complicated part is combining what the client wants in the commercial with what is technologically possible. They have no idea about engineering, yes.

It's like robots are cool, we want a robot, but since he's working on one today that uses shielding, he turns to master rigger Matthew Huber and says that half the time he has to build the rigs completely from scratch, they provide the structure for the specialized. Equipment that makes food dance across the screen. His work goes hand in hand with robots. The robot is obviously a very complicated and expensive thing that is used for a lot of the things we do, but if you just need a straight line movement to back up, it's easier. to set up a simple machine that only makes a single type of movement like these air pistons that you use to launch food or these catapults to save on buying new parts, it uses a lot of the same base pieces, it's like Legos, you know, just you put things together, um, take it apart and do something different with it next time, so we've used a lot of these pieces, probably hundreds of times, meanwhile Paola Andreas Ramirez is finalizing the set, from the tables to the ketchup bottles to a side. to make it feel real, so if it's blank it won't feel like it's a real commercial kitchen, every inch visible to the camera is important, so Paula's team built this tile wall just for this shoot, but They said it still felt empty, so we just added this. through these two floating shelves up there we plan something and then we just have to be prepared for the unexpected.

Her typical prop budget is forty thousand dollars per shoot, but she can pull a lot from her personal collection. It's been 20 years of collecting and This is like Salvation Army garage sales, years and years of recording. I always like to have extra so if you're photographing for example a soda glass I need to have at least six of the same glasses for quick changes if they're scratched because it's video so it's a bit, exactly one breaks so When that burger arrives it's time to play. I have to go to the set, yes, now it's a race against the clock.

My angle feels good there. Go ahead, roll and push a little closer, okay. Nowadays, they have custom made water cooled lights that don't burn the food that you used to have, like these really hot lights that would cook the food and it would go out really fast, making it impossible to shoot the ice cream. slow motion because it would just melt the moment you turn on the lights, but that lettuce will start to wilt in a matter of minutes. Hot lights or not-so-fast-moving robots and tons of planning are essential to keeping a shoot on time because any delay could mean going over budget.

The first action uses the Dolly Zoom to create something known as the Hitchcock effect, but the entire background is like warping around it indicating that the robots are actually the same type that build cars this robot costs a hundred and fifty thousand dollars and can do pretty much any move you can think of sometimes you can program the robot quite a bit quick some moves take a whole day here's the second shot Steve imagined the camera moving across a field of hamburgers as each one was probably knocked out of frame just an inch and a half away from that hamburger when we landed, so trying to do that with people will be almost impossible.

It's a really complex movement that robots do very easily and they do it exactly the same every time, but the speed is not. The only challenge: every take has to be identical, if a hamburger is an inch away or something on set gets bumped between takes, they may have to start over. Surprise doesn't want to behave. This laser helps them keep track of the position of the burger. or sometimes the same movement, I think they also have to be very flexible on set, curve balls always happen because there are so many problems to solve, which I love in the last shot, Steve ties all the ingredients on a fishing line, a robot cuts the thread and the camera captures the perfect fall, this exact movement was actually Steve's claim to thefame in 2016.

This famous Burger Drop video that went viral on the Internet, slowly accumulated millions of views on all platforms and Global Publications began covering his work on all social networks. Buzz gained him many viewers and new customers and he was able to launch the garage in 2019. Burger delivery was like the spark that started the path to where we are today and now Tick Tock is crazier than Instagram. for me, photographer, but he wanted audio and video engineering and surprisingly there is a job that allows me to do that, there are many, there are many different

jobs

that my guidance counselor didn't tell me about, including mine, today his team films 40 advertisements per year.

More than $5 million a year feels like CGI, but it's actually done in camera and I think achieving that as a bigger feeling in life takes a lot of technology and skill. He says they know they've done a good job, but they can't. Saying that an entire production is hidden behind one shot. They have no idea what we do at the end of the day. It's funny to me that people understand how complex this is, but all that complexity is worth it because there's a lot of money. Online fast food companies invested five billion dollars in advertising in 2019 and they rightly know how valuable the power of food suggestion can be.

A study from Yale University found that visual cues, such as food advertisements, can have an effect on food cravings. Another study. showed that visual cues can influence overeating and even weight gain, and that can be converted into traffic and impressions for a brand to be included. These brands led advertising spending in 2019 and budgets continue to increase in September. Burger King announced it will invest $400 million in restaurant renovations and advertising dollars up 30 from 2021, which is why Steve and his team filmed this Whopper launch in hopes of hooking a new customer with its dancing robots and Juicy Burgers. abroad.

Portugal produces about half of the world's wine corks, most of which come from them. There are trees here in the Allentejo region, but harvesting a tree requires years of experience and steady hands. We enter the largest cork oak forest in the world to see how Portugal produces 40 million Quark caps a day. These are cork oaks. They are so special. Protected under Portuguese law since 1209, so collectors have strict rules to follow. The trees cannot be touched for the first 15 years of their lives and can only be harvested every nine years to give the bark time to regrow from the first moment. two harvests from a new tree do not produce the best cork Pickers have to wait 33 years to get the good stuff each summer Pickers remove the bark using centuries-old techniques it is strange to prevent workers from leaving the inner layer intact we can harvest the bark from the tree without damage the bark so that these cells can grow back without any impact on the life of the tree because trees regenerate will never run out of cork the oldest tree on record is approximately 200 years old and has been felled 20 times throughout its life Cork boards are plucked from trees, pressed between concrete slabs for six months, and then sent to a processing facility to be boiled for at least an hour to sterilize the boards and soften them.

This machine removes the corks that we see in our wine bottles, those corks. They are sent to hundreds of different countries, but the rest of the cork that is left in this process is not wasted, we do not waste anything, not even small waste, all that by-product can be turned into things like flooring or granules. Plugs are used to cover less. expensive wines cork harvesting dates back millennia Egyptians used stoppers and tombs and Romans used cork in shoes today Portugal harvests one hundred thousand tons of cork each year and has a third of the world's cork oak forests, which is a true CO2 retainer protected For biodiversity, this tree that separates southern Europe and northern Africa from the Saro Desert, making it a barrier to certification.

Sustainability was part of what saved the Portuguese wine stopper in the early 2000s. Winemakers began turning to synthetic closures and screw caps for bottles and the value of cork plummeted, but as consumers became more environmentally conscious in the 2010s, the movement against single-use plastics happening around the world is a real opportunity for cork. In 2018, Portugal surpassed a record $1 billion in cork exports. that number and very close to 1.1 billion in 2019 and now we are waiting for the final figures for 2020, but as a global pandemic as a global crisis, we also expect some impact on our

business

despite the covid-19 pandemic, the 2020 harvest does not But this year the court card was wrapped and very soft, we are talking about an activity that takes place outdoors.

The success of the industry over the last decade has allowed Portugal to bring its cork products to other industries, from construction to the automotive industry. aerospace to sports fashion apparel, but even as demand for cork continues to grow, harvesters plan to keep doing things the same way they always have with a good axe. Royal Caribbean Symphony Of The Seas is like a giant floating city and its residents exceed 6,000 passengers per week. Keeping everything running can cost more than a million dollars a day, although each cruise ship pays only one hundred dollars a day, so to make a profit, the cruise line and its entire crew must be truly efficient, a staff of 2400 people. striving to keep everything running smoothly, so we cover day and night Productions the team moves supplies throughout secret areas of the ship exclusive to crew members from the ship's cramped kitchens chefs pump out 30,000 meals every day A bustling trash room handles all the waste and the captain's bridge keeps the ship moving safely like crazy, the productions are super massive, we go behind the scenes to see what it takes to sail on one of the biggest cruise ships in the world. world.

Symphony Of The Seas was the largest ship in the world for four consecutive years. 2022 The Wonder of the Seas took the title beating her older sister because she is a little heavier. At the end of 2019, we boarded the Symphony for a week to film all the events within the voyage that began on a Saturday. This is the day the passengers disembark so the new ones can get on board we don't take people out gradually we just do everything at once and shuffle every room, as you can imagine it's a big job cleaning 2759 rooms in the day of delivery.

Trucks carrying 500 pallets of new inventory arrive at the Port of Miami. the busiest cruise port in the world among these Provisions, over 600,000 pounds of food and beverages loading on deck two, this is basically a place you wouldn't want to be on the day of call when we're loading, it's busy, busy, very busy, it is estimated that the world's three major cruise lines will spend approximately $2.3 billion on food and beverages in 2023. Supplies must be perfectly planned for this seven-day cruise. Our ability to manage the things we own, the resources we own, must be much greater than in a hotel, we are at sea, there is no option and all this has to be loaded on the ship in just nine hours.

Any delay in our operation can make it difficult to get the sail off the ship, which again is a huge logistical requirement. At 4:30 the ship is ready to sail. Moving the ship is a combined effort between the bridge and the control room. engines the bridge is in charge of steering and sailing maybe only 10 of my job is being on the bridge having control of the boat the rest I am managing a huge huge operation and the engine room provides the power I always say that when there is a problem to On board the captain called me I never called the captain four bow thrusters move the front of the boat from side to side and three azipod electric propellers rotate 360 ​​degrees to pull the ship instead of pushing it, six giant engines propel it, we have a all aboard then you will call for propulsion and fire the thrusters and prepare for departure so the engine is almost ready so we have one and six online now Captain Sullivan can maneuver. leaving the port here we are on the bridge in the cabin this is where we do the navigation in the sea we have multiple screens that give us information about the boat with the course the speed The course is that you have an electronic shark screen with our The roots already They are planned and we can see exactly where we are at any time.

Symphony Of The Seas is registered and sold under the flag of the Bahamas due to the Passenger Services Act of 1886, no foreign flagship can move passengers between two US ports to avoid the 200 fine per passenger, any ship of Royal Caribbean leaving the US has to stop in another country, since this cruise is heading to Puerto Rico from Miami, they had to include St. Maarten and the Bahamas in the itinerary on the other side of the ship on which passengers are settling in. Their Ocean View Cabins rooms start at $1,000 per person for the week and go up to $85,000 for the ultimate, fully-equipped family suite.

We have a room for every wallet on this ship, being a hotel manager for nothing, although all kinds of tastes if you put it that way. Wear a jacket with four stripes, you too will be a celebrity. Cruise Lines Bank, by virtue of having a captive audience for a week, makes a profit by keeping passengers moving through the ship, depositing cash on onboard purchases such as alcoholic beverages, casino games and specialty restaurants. Fernando says the ship's design helps unconventional cruises. There is only one block with a large pool in the middle. This ship has seven different neighborhoods with their own themes and activities.

A large Central Park lies in the middle and 17 public and private pools and hot tubs. the rest of the ship, the average cost to build a new ship is 650 million. Royal Caribbean spent more than double what it did on Symphony of the Seas. Fernando's goal is to control how the passengers move through the ship from their rooms to the shows and dining rooms, so that no part is too crowded, they move freely according to their own will and do what they want, but to a certain extent point the flow is designed so that at any given moment you don't feel like you are with 6,500 other people on board the ship.

The design also helps isolate areas in case of an emergency and control the coveted 19. Passengers who test positive for covid can be quarantined on Deck 3. So this is the core, this is a quarantine of coverage. What you want on deck three is to leave these. bottles disinfectants all our garbage leaves bio bio Danger bags our meals our room service anything like that you put it in those bags masks hand sanitizers that you have covered they sent you room service in the cabin is practically free, so you don't They deliver it directly the food they leave it, then you pick it up and things like that in December 2021 50 people on board tested positive for covid they were able to isolate in their cabins each member of the crew is trained in the coveted procedures and safety in navigation Royal Caribbean en Incorporated in Liberia, labor laws are much more flexible than in the continental United States or Europe, allowing Royal Caribbean to hire a team from around the world and keep them working long hours during 3- to 12-month contracts.

Half of the staff is part of Fernando. culinary team its job to feed all those passengers its three four eight meals a day you have to calculate it's breakfast, lunch and dinner plus snacks The blues are nine blues, food 24 hours a day and that never stops The ship's kitchens run 24 hours, 7 days a week, staffed by a culinary team of over a thousand people serving over 30,000 meals each day and doing it all from compact kitchens on a rocking ship, so how does all this food get to the dish? Jared is in charge of ordering all the food for the ship's 23 different restaurants each week.

Jared has a million-dollar shopping budget. All of that is just for seven days of food. Sometimes Jarrett changes his orders depending on who comes aboard. More kids means more chicken wings. That's how the operation works, so we monitor it. On a daily basis what has been used, what has not been used and then we adjust our orders accordingly, but in general, being in Miami and having the same amount of people, it is almost the same on all cruises, once on board, everything moves along the ship's secret highway. This is I-95 and runs the entire length of the ship on deck 2.

We separate allthe stores in the different places they are supposed to go. We have about 20 different warehouses divided into freezers, refrigerators and rice. Seafood, meat, vegetables and fruits are divided and stored in separate refrigerators. If you arrive at the end of the cruise, this box will be almost empty with some fruits needed for two more days, which we keep as a reserve. six freezers that's where the 700 pounds of ice cream that will be eaten each week are stored the dry goods are stored on the deck one full of spices full of chocolate in this warehouse coffee it's nice to be in this store an elevator takes the food Downstairs, the Jared's team reviews all foods for quality control every day.

If produce ripens faster than expected, they try incorporating it into another meal, for example, overripe broccoli could be used for broccoli cheddar soup instead of being thrown away once inventory is stocked. Restaurants on the upper decks place food orders with Jared, the chefs will come down, pick up your order and bring it to you to be cooked, that's where this guy comes in. Any food on board is beautifully shaped. Whatever you eat is my responsibility. Anything you have. beautiful fries is my rice. My pâté is my dough is my salad shrink What you eat is my responsibility Free host team of 280 chefs man the kitchens 24/7. each chef works dates from 10 to 12 hours contracts usually last four months without a single day off some people I started working from eight in the morning until two, take a break, come back.

I can find your apartment. Feeling at 9.30. Another group. I start working at 10 Oakland and until 10:00 a.m., so we cover day and night. Productions chefs on board prepare almost a hundred different menus each week. All menus are developed at Royal Caribbean's headquarters in Miami and each week the chefs follow the same menu rotation cooking everything from grills. from lamb to hand rolled sushi the food has to be diverse to suit the Symphony Of The Seas International passengers who are on vacation at all types of prices we try to please everyone, I told myself, if everyone could find what they are looking for, All the cooking is done in 36 kitchens (the word galleys as they are called on a ship) there are 12 specialty restaurants on board that cost up to fifty dollars per person and each of those restaurants has its own small kitchen in those small spaces the chefs prepare The same menu every day at Jamie's Italiano, it's fresh pasta at Hooked, there are more than 2,000 oysters struck per cruise, but the largest amount of food is reserved for the main dining room, which spans three decks and serves up to six thousand people. per night.

Eating here is included in the ticket before the food arrives. to the main kitchens it starts in one of the prep kitchens off I-95 there is a butcher shop good morning these are the gentlemen who take care of all the cuts of meat the butcher makes about 15,000 pounds of beef and 9,700 pounds of chicken every week there is also a vegetable cutting room and a box for defrosting fish. Lobster is the most popular dish in Maine. The boat processes about 2,100 pounds of lobster tails each week, eventually the food goes up to the main kitchen. The largest kitchen on the ship is divided into categories desserts bread hot and cold food and desserts the chefs prepare cakes chocolates in a hundred different types of cakes in the bakery they make 40 different types of bread from all over the world, all from scratch, but the real rush arrives just before the dinner peak six thousand hungry passengers in the main dining room remember that Rico before the dinner preparation begins he has to approve all the foreign dishes take his notes and start cooking the chefs can see a count of each dish sorted on the screens the system also keeps track of how much of the inventory is used in the cold room salads and appetizers like carpaccio come together in the hot room chefs serve soups sauces side dishes and main dishes we have two types of chefs working here at the line near me preparing dishes and controlling the stove pushes, so all we do is cook in patches, so basically the steak from the bathroom we put in the past, the person on the bus is putting it at the requested temperature , that means guests always get fresh food and from an operational point we don't have any overproduction finally the waiters deliver those dishes hungry passengers in Maine dining between the inventory team of the chef, waders and dishwashers it takes a team of 1085 people to maintain this massive operation going on, together they cook almost 11 million meals every year and they're doing it all on a moving ship, the ship rocks, then all the equipment is integrated into the ship's rocket and at any moment, maybe They should do it.

Move someone, don't put a brake on one on a cart and you'll see the trolling fly and it happens, that's why all the cooks are always on the lookout with that, but if the crew members are doing their job right, The passengers won't even know anything is happening, they will go back to eating their eighth meal of the day. A harness and rope are the only tools that keep wind turbine technicians safe. Overseas, these turbines are about the size of a 35-story skyscraper just a few years ago. It is not even possible to build it and your partner are the only specialists doing these promotions for a generic renewable energy company in Portugal and their work is in high demand as more European countries adopt wind energy.

We enter and exit a wind turbine with Joel to see what makes his job such a risky

business

. Wind turbines rarely break, but when they do, they are difficult and expensive to repair overseas. That's why he always inspects everything from the ground, first things first and then the addition of Tomatoes. wind industry in 2004. Today he is doing a routine inspection of a new turbine at a wind farm in the Karamulo Mountains. Noah's new foreign program, drones have made his job much easier. They help you locate damage before climbing. One drone can check eight turbines. in one day, while Joao and his partner take a whole day to inspect just one, but there are still things that only human eyes and hands can find, he wears special boots that don't have any metal, so they are safe From electricity and leather gloves that won't burn if you need to quickly repel the rope, a crane lifts a bag full of ropes, repelling equipment and other tools you'll need to the top.

Joao is going to climb this metal staircase because the elevator here is out of service. service um this real Lifeline makes sure they don't get hurt if they miss a step as an added safety measure, the turbine turns off before each climb, but the transformer is active to keep the lights on, it's usually about 300 steps to work , joao. He stops once or twice to catch his breath when he feels his hands lose their grip. After about 15 minutes he reaches the nacelle, the heart of a wind turbine where the generator is located. Sometimes you have to deal with problems here, but today you are checking the blades, so steps outside foreign to make sure there has been no damage since it was installed correctly foreign foreign foreign check for damage beneath the fiberglass surface a sound tells them if the materials underneath are fracturing joao travels around Europe to train other professionals a turbine technician normally makes about thirty-six thousand dollars a year almost double the average salary in Portugal and joao earns much more than that is foreigner foreigner was injured um works for generics does not manufacture turbines but installs them throughout the country the largest can generate 4.8 megawatts of energy in one hour is enough to power 5,000 European homes Portugal has been investing heavily in wind energy since the beginning From the 2000s today, 70 of Portugal's energy comes from foreign renewable sources by 2040 the country hopes to run only on renewable energy, but there are still challenges with foreign transportation every second of the rise was dangerous but he she says she still loves her job um thank you my name is Sarah Drew and I work as an art conservator at the Art Studio center in New York City this is a portrait of crazy investors the first thing we do is inspect the painting with a black light to understand what all the problems are, then you see the violet light and then you see something like the greenish light that tells us that there is like an old, thick and heavy varnish on that surface.

It wasn't that he just looked pure purple, you couldn't make out any kind of contrast or light in the background, the trim and details of his clothes were completely obscured, there was something on his head that we weren't sure if it was a hat or If it was hair, when you pass the swab over the paint it can be quite black or quite orange or yellow depending on what you are removing. Her skin was beautiful, it was bright, it had contrasting light brush stroke color the first step to get the paint out of the frame is to remove all the tacks that hold the sides of the canvas to the frame I will save them and I will reuse them later you can see me using a knife to separate the canvas from the lining completely from the structure thanks now comes the riskiest part separating the painting from the frame there You have to be very careful because if the paint is not stable you run the risk of bending the paint and causing peeling or further damage.

I need to cut strips of linen and attach them to the canvas so I can then put the whole piece back together. I cut strips of Eva, which is a strange adhesive for preservatives. I then put the painting on the frame and used thumbtacks to attach the painting back together. to her stretcher, then I fill the damaged areas with water based putty and overfill them a little and then I go back with a damp cotton swab and clean those fillers. Also, the original canvas doesn't extend all the way to the edges of the stretcher, so I need to go and fill in about a quarter of an inch around the entire perimeter of the painting.

Once the paint is full, I will begin the touch-up process. I will be using a paint that is specifically designed for conservation work outside of the color that the artist put there and making sure that I am not painting over that original paint, there are two types of painting that I will do here, the first is painting over the fills that I finish to do, the second is to paint the background and this is the area that the other restorer over cleaned. It is very important to use a conservation paint that dissolves in a solvent that is different from the original paint and this allows our paint to be completely reversible.

We could easily use it. solvent to remove our paint and then the original paint will not be affected then I will be ready to varnish thank you, we use a completely reversible varnish that does not yellow. I need to clean the paint surface with just a cloth because, like everything, small dust particles, small hairs can accumulate. I want to make sure that surface is as clean as possible, so once I clean it, I'll apply the varnish with a brush when you apply the varnish, the fillers that when you paint it blend together cohesively. in the background and on the surface of the paint and it looks complete thank you and the restoration is complete foreign foreign the 309 a mark stores the largest collection of military aircraft in the world here in the Arizona desert I like to call this the most ugly here the yc-14 was an aircraft that never went into production. 800 Mechanics Work non-stop recovering critical parts and regenerating aircraft so they can return to service.

You can't just stop an airplane like you can with a car and we have to make sure that these airplanes are safe to fly, our goal is not to be like a graveyard for airplanes. Col. Barnard has served for 25 years as a U.S. Air Force aircraft maintenance officer as a commander here. I'm in charge of the entire operation. The assets stored here are worth between $34 and $35 billion if an attempt were made to replace them all. It's a lot inside this huge facility to see these military aircraft get a second chance at life. Amarg started in 1946 after the World War.

During World War II the Army needed a place to store old planes, they chose Davis-Monthan Air Force Base here in Tucson, with almost 2,000 football fields of open desert, there was plenty of space. We are known around the world as the Boneyard our guys are proud of. Being Boneyard Wranglers Arizona has the perfect climate to store these assets. It's hot, there's little rain, there's no humidity, and the ground is as hard as concrete, so planes don't sink. The dryness and lack of acidity in the soil prevent corrosion of the active ingredients. The planes come here from the Department of Defense, the military, other government agencies and foreign allies.

We have around 3,100 aircraft. The planes are mostly military.They come from the Air Force, Navy, Army and Marines. We have more than 80 different types of aircraft here. Planes and Helicopters arrive and they are lined up in sections so we are driving down the display row here or the celebrity row as some people call it, we have a sense of humor here, that is our stealth aircraft, which is really just the from Wonder Woman. The LC-130s have skis. along with their landing gear so they can land in Antarctica and support the National Science Foundation throughout that continent.

We are arriving on a NASA plane, it is affectionately called the Vomit Comet. Some planes will be here for weeks before they are called back. in service other aircraft can be here for 50 years similar to this A4 Skyhawk each plane goes through a preservation process before being put in the desert those that can fly again are preserved again every four years they are drained of fuel and then pumps oil through the engine to Keep it, the black material that we have here is the base layer that seals the plane and then as you can see the rest of the plane over here, the layers on top are white and those white layers will reflect the heat to make it better. preserves all assets inside the aircraft, such as the interior of the c5a Galaxy, the interior of the C5 is the largest cargo aircraft in the Air Force inventory that I have deployed on these, one of six deployments that the colonel had barnards in Afghanistan, New Zealand and Antarctica and We can accommodate three HH-60 helicopters and much of the equipment we need, as well as all of our maintainers.

We have just over 60 here and each of them needs 72 berths. Airplanes are designed to fly and when there is a Little Breezy, we want to make sure they stay parked, but not all planes sit around collecting dust. US military units around the world can order specific parts for these aircraft. An airplane has as many thousands of parts as a warehouse that stores things just in case. you need them and then we release what's out of the warehouse as needed on some of the parts that the military can only find here at amart. We are guaranteed a part is available when the major sources in the supply system don't get it, we ship it anywhere. four thousand to seven thousand pieces each year to the tune of a few million dollars each week in parts supply.

Scott and James here are removing the engines from the rear of this T-38 as a recovery effort because they were asked to leave. back into service, so once crews recover the parts in the desert and get them to the end of this building, they will wash them, undergo non-destructive inspection, and pack them up and ship them as fast as we can. It can, but sometimes instead of being used for parts, an entire plane is regenerated, meaning it will be taken out of the desert and washed. We have to remove all the coatings that are used to preserve the plane in the desert after getting a Good shower, it's fixed.

What our team is working on here is the C-130 that has been regenerated for four military sales in this Hangar. The current project we are working on is the F-16s and after the black overhaul, it is a structural upgrade package. on the plane to extend its useful life, the unit also handles plane modifications, these planes come from US units that are active right now and then they have some work done on them and they go back to that same unit, we can upgrade them. and modify them to keep them up to date with current standards in the active fleet.

Complicated individual parts are sent to separate workshops for repair and overhaul. Here in the wing shop we have all the core parts of the A-10 wings being rebuilt here and the outer part being rebuilt there, there are actually hundreds of parts inside an aircraft that link the complexity and level of structure. It's really eye-opening for a lot of people. Each set of wings can take up to 20,000 man-hours to recondition once the parts are repaired. Through thorough inspection, we are here in the area of ​​non-destructive inspection. Pete is working on a fluorescent penetrating dye which is basically a liquid that absorbs cracks and we can put a black light on it and you can see there's a crack right here that shows This crack right here on this part of the landing gear could cause a catastrophic failure on the landing gear.

Not a single crack in an entire plane can pass through this equipment. We have to make sure these planes are safe to fly to protect them. asset and we protect the aircrew that is inside that asset, so the stakes are high once fixed, the planes go through a rigorous final flight test. Pilot Scott Thompson is testing these regenerated F-16s. I'll take them into the airspace just south of here close enough that if I have a problem, I can return to the ground immediately and practically put them through their paces. We tested the flight controls, handling, engine performance and all the aircraft systems quite extensively at all altitudes.

They go out to become large scale aerial targets, which is a happy ending for a plane pulled out of the desert here in Amarg, but for other planes this is the end of the line, planes marked with a large go through pre-demilitarization and then they are destroyed. by an outside contractor, so these are the guys who work at the D Mill and get the planes ready for disposal and I will remove the handle. I'm also pretty good at destruction, but you guys are being very careful with that. It should be that planes are demolished for a good reason to make sure everything is accounted for and materials and technology don't fall into the wrong hands, although some Americans may not have heard of that, but it actually saves them a lot of money to taxpayers. were between 34 and 35 billion dollars and therefore making a new one may not be possible, rather than rejuvenating an old one, might be the best case scenario, but for workers it is not just about saving some money to the military, but also to give these planes another life.

Many of these planes have not flown in a long time. I once flew many of them operationally in the past, it's great to get back on them and bring them back to life. These planes have many stories to tell and it is wonderful to spend time with them and think that there are very few of them. Of us military folks who are lucky enough to be assigned here, it's just a pleasure to be able to work with these people every day and be around these planes, these white dots are insects and there's a good chance you've eaten them before, raised in Cactus.

They're called kachaneels, and the acid in their guts produces a vibrant red dye that ends up in tons of products, from strawberry yogurt to M MS and lipstick. The indigenous peoples of Latin America traded it for thousands of years and in the 17th century it was the second in Mexico. The most valuable export behind silver can be found on the walls of archaeological sites in priceless paintings and in the robes of kings. Pedic dies and pressure from animal rights activists has pushed some Mexican farms to abandon production altogether. The cultivation of cachaneels has been disappearing. It is a pity.

Because it is the most powerful bright red dye that exists, the last time it forms cachaneels in its land, others like Catalina Yolanda López say that they will do everything possible to maintain its production abroad, but Catalina does not know how much longer her family will be able to endure. According to this ancient tradition, live insects are small parasites that live on cacti and what becomes the powerful red dye makes up almost a quarter of their weight, but it is not blood, it is actually a natural compound called karminic acid that It is a repellent against predators such as spiny ants.

Pear or non-Palace cacti, as they are known in Mexico, have all the moisture and nutrients that the insect needs to survive. Catalina's grandmother taught her how to raise eels when she was only four years old. Today it is one of the last kachaneel producers in the entire country. Mexico has a farm in Oaxaca it all starts in its young field no The Palace Peak cacti are cuttings from older ones Academia The farmers have to wear gloves to protect themselves from the cactus needles while cutting the pallets thanks then Catalina washes the cactus with soap and water only then you can place the gachaneels on the pallets.

They look like finger traps, but they are actually little houses for insects. Catalina says that no one makes them anymore, so she has to be careful not to break them and once they are there. has been spread by the battle, she hooks a wire and hangs it now the hook Nails can chew her companion OS Catalina constantly has to look for predators in the Nopal Library Predators like this telero worm yesterday every white dot you see here is a Cachaneel Sand white powder acts as glue to help insects stick to the pallet and protects them against the sun.

The cartineales stick their probe into the skin of the cactus and suck up the water and nutrients that only the females capture. The nails produce carmine, the males are small. They have wings and fly but don't call these little beetles or cockroaches it's a state in Puebla almost all of Carmona's Nepalese fields will disappear she plans to replace them with corn and save only a few cacti to grow kachaneels as a hobby she goes out to weed their fields and eliminate predators. She searches for the perfect cacti to bring back to her hungry bugs in the greenhouse.

Mealybug keepers have to constantly move the babies to new friendless pallets and after three or four months, the female insects are ready to harvest. Carmona uses a strainer to separate the insects from their clothing - the dusting and soaking they do. while the dead kashaneels dry their soft pods they solidify Carmona sells them whole Everything is Catalina and her daughter Claudia Juárez López use a traditional metato grind them into a shiny bread either way it is a very tedious job it takes 70,000 insects to make just one pound of dye the powder must be dipped in an alcohol solution and filtered to remove the insect Parts Catalina sells a kilo of its dried cachineal for about $150, big food brands use carmenic acid in everything from Yoplait strawberry yogurt and AirHeads to nerds and M Ms in the UK, but customers will never try it.

It appears on the nutrition label as Carmine natural red 4 Crimson lake or e120 in the UK. EU carmine is also frequently used in the cosmetics industry, and that use is anything but new. Dating back thousands of years in Mexico, cochineal was used in lipsticks, textiles, royal headdresses, and wall art like those on the Montalbán pyramids after their uncut conquest. With the Aztecs he brought cochineal to Europe and quickly replaced European dyes because cochineal fixed in wool and silk lasted longer and created a more vibrant red, about 15 times more powerful than anything seen before it came to represent the power that appears in the most modern, the Catholic Church wore it on their red cardinal robes and the British army wore it on their red coats and soon artists like Van Gogh, Renoir and Rembrand were painting cachaneels on their masterpieces.

In the 19th century, women in the United States began using it to color foods from cakes and candies to jellies and pickled red cabbage, but then, in 1856, synthetic dyes were invented, first with mauve made from byproducts of the coal and then, in 1878, with red number two made from petroleum. It was very difficult to compete because they had lower prices. Larger volumes and similar qualities and these synthetics almost ended cardboard production in Mexico. Then in 1976, the FDA banned red number two. Under suspicion that it could cause cancer, a renewed interest in natural dyes began, but at that time there was almost no cochineal.

The producers who stayed in the country. Catalina's family was one of three that still worked with insects, so her mission in life was to preserve this insect and teach others about the cachaneel. She began selling the diet to local artisans and chefs and turned her farm into a museum. her to lead workshops for people interested in the insect sectors, but much of Catalina's work has been reversed in the last two decades. Brands such as Campari liqueur and Starbucks stopped using Carmine due to pressure from vegetarian customers. The pandemic was another blow. Orders stopped completely for Carmona and that's when he decided to stop cochineal production abroad last year he produced 400 kilos of the insect this year he expects only 50 kilos passively we changed this entire greenhouse to tomatoes so that Mexican producers can save their money the answer could be in Peru the government began investing in the cultivation of cochineal in the decade of1990 to help boost employment in the country's rural areas and now Peru dominates more than 80 percent of the market.

American liquor brands have started using it again instead of synthetic dyes; It was even the inspiration for the Pantone color. of the year and there is growing demand around the world, but Peru has some advantages: the country produces a type of wild cachinilla that grows outdoors without much involvement from farmers, so it is cheaper and, although domesticated cachinilla Mexicana has more carbonic acid, it is also necessary to grow it indoors to protect itself from parasites in order to deliver large-scale orders from international buyers. Farmers like Catalina would have to build more greenhouses and more labor, but that is too expensive.

Catherine had to reject two letters of interest from English buyers because she simply could not produce. the amount of dye needed Experts say Mexican government investments could help farmers basically provide money for seeds to the peasant women of Oaxaca Meanwhile Catalina hopes to continue educating every visitor who passes by her agricultural opportunity just as she taught her to his daughter Claudia, who won The awards for her work with the bot are full. Investments or clients come. Some collected eels will be lost and Catalina will be here taking care of her bunnies, cacti and little bugs. Every omelet served on board Singapore Airlines economy class is cooked on this rotating table.

We are producing at least six seven thousand tortillas a day here in catering facilities like this one. Chefs prepare all main dishes for almost 20 million passengers a year 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. It's non-stop all the time. That's Anthony, he's in charge of their entire catering operation and his food purchasing budget is $500 million a year, so it's a pretty substantial amount of product; His kitchen produces 168,000 lobster tails each month and more than 1 million pounds of rice a year, but even the most expensive meals don't always make it. Tasting the same in the sky Historically flavors can change depending on the conditions inside a plane, a phenomenon that aircraft manufacturers and airlines have spent decades trying to fix, just make one last flavor, so catering facilities like They are left with a logistical nightmare, how to make 50,000 delicious meals a day in a huge time crunch with military clockwise because, like us, these meals can't miss their flight, the plan is ready, you must be ready, so how does Singapore Airlines serve so much food in time for takeoff?

Singapore Airlines' largest catering center located at Changi Airport is run by the airline's catering partner, SAT, and although SAT prepares food for 45 other airlines, Singapore Airlines is by far its largest customer, it is a very demanding client. Anthony works with SAT to develop hundreds of new menus. every year and creating a dish can take 9 to 12 months, there are different menus flying in different directions and different types of Japanese cuisine, Chinese, Singaporean and obviously Western food, the airline offers menus from 77 different departure cities, so If you leave from Singapore, you'll be offered chicken and rice or a street vendor soup, if you leave from New York City, you'll get a smoked trout salad, and of course the food changes depending on where you're sitting. on the plane.

In first class suites, passengers have the most options from caviar and lobster thermador to beef tenderloin in premium economy class. Travelers have only a couple of options like this Nasi karabu because the airline cooks it in larger batches, never mind that the cabin chefs try to include a protein vegetable starch and sauce in each dish before anyone can get it. to cook they need to get dressed, they wash their hands well and they get into this air shower, they move dust from their hair and anything that could create an opportunity for contamination within the facilities. Sap's team of over a thousand workers handle a large amount of food easily, one day we may have There are around 800 to 1000 manuals in operation, they usually start cooking meals 24 to 36 hours before a scheduled flight and everything is divided into seasons.

It's like a restaurant. You have a salad section. You have a dessert section. You have a hot cooking business. On a much larger scale in premium cuisine, they're grilling meat like this filet mignon for first and business class. Basically what we're doing is cooking the food about 30 to 40 percent if you cook the meat all the way through now. It would actually be overcooked by the time it gets under the plane, so the chefs rely on the flight attendants who finish cooking it in the air, simply applying residual heat of about 150 to 160 degrees in our airplane ovens in the hot galley. .

The cooks handle all the heat well. economy and business first class food vegetables pasta noodles rice noodles hot meals soups and sauces this is heavy duty batch cooking the chefs boil noodles and giant bats the tomato sauce has its own tank and is pumped into these cooling trays from the bottom and add with Meat chefs don't cook everything completely, so a lot of these, what we call 50 60, even finished vegetables, it's a little bit like a pasta, we want it to be authentic so you can see that it has a little firmness. a little bit of a bite, so if we crack it, if we break it, we'll still get a little bit of a snap, so as it cools, the meals will continue to cook until it reaches the core temperature that we need to reach for food safety in each tray.

Along the way you receive a tracking label that way, if there is any problem with food illness on a flight, the airline can trace it to the exact batch. We also want to maintain the integrity and color of the green leaf, so we cook it in the hottest place. possible at 100 degrees, we cook it for the shortest time possible once the food comes off the heat, it immediately goes down this conveyor belt to the blast chiller that stops the cooking process in its tracks, although some things are fully cooked like these tortillas in this turntable the eggs come pre-split into a liquid mixture a pump sprays the perfect amount into each pan Chef stationed around the table cooks, flips, folds and stacks each tortilla we're producing here six seven thousand tortillas a day at a minimum, so omelettes is mainly for economy cuisine, once all the items are mostly cooked they go to this room, so this is what we call casserole assembly for economy meals and also for business class and some business meals. first class, this is where they pack all the food in the aluminum containers that you might have seen in Flight normally from the moment they take the food components out of the refrigerator within 35 to 45 minutes, they have to have put the food in the trade Anthony gives photos to the chefs to show them how each dish is supposed To look, the flight attendants get a similar image to follow the plates because we have about six and a half thousand cabin crew and there's only one of me.

I can't be in training school every day during cabin crew, so we do this for Consistency, one by one, workers pile up starches, sauces, meats and vegetables. Here is the pasta we saw cooking earlier. Each one is covered with aluminum foil and then taken to a refrigerator, that's where basically the packaging team acts a little like a supermarket where you pick and mix the chefs prepare the desserts in a different room today they are making floating islands a Dessert with a suspended meringue and cremon glaze All of these dishes look great on the ground, but there's one big problem: The food can taste different in the air.

On some planes, your taste buds are about 30 percent less sensitive to sweet and salty foods. This is due to the dryness of the pressure and the sound of the engine. On the older Triple Seven and A320, the cabin is pressurized up to 8,000 feet, so it feels like you're eating. Lunch at Machu Picchu and the humidity on board can be as low as 12 percent lower than some desserts when you have a dry mouth and an impaired sense of smell. Food can be twice as bland, so historically that meant airlines loaded salt so you can even taste it.

Food sometimes makes passengers feel bloated, but on new planes manufacturers are making conditions on board easier on the body. The cabins of Singapore Airlines' 350, A380 and 787 planes are pressurized up to 6,000 feet, so instead of Machu Picchu you feel like you're dining in Denver, and because the new planes are made of more carbon fiber, It is possible to increase the humidity to about 24 percent when there is more humidity in the cabin space, your sinuses and body do not dehydrate as quickly, your taste and palate are not influenced as you know. so the Voladores can taste a lot more nowadays, making things easier for chefs like Anthony.

There is no salt, pepper or additional salts. Anthony can use this room to simulate a pressurized cabin to test how food will taste in the sky and address the bloating issue. use ingredients like Shoemaker juices swelling in your body inflammation to make you feel much more comfortable Ginger is also for sleep, rest and relaxation, which leaves just one more obstacle: reheating food flight attendants only have small ovens to work with So how do chefs make sure their food still tastes good? Cooking halfway and moving quickly helps and avoids dishes that don't travel well. We try not to make things that are fried, for example chicken wings, they are not crispy and None of us really like biting into soft fries.

They also stay away from fine fish like sea bass, a fish that is a little thicker. assembled, it finally meets the carts that you see on board, so we have the tray assembly area here. The lifts bring clean trays, cutlery and plates to the top. The cutlery lift. Yes, it's like a luxury trip. You know, for your cutlery chefs. assembly line picking and placing all the napkins, all the china, the linens, the knife forks, everything, down to the salt and pepper shakers and the dollops of butter. This is a business class dinner service and then they will put in the appetizer so that the appetizers are always pre-arranged. a dinner service they will put a lid on it they will put the dressing on the side and then they will package it on the cards it is for economy class just the tableware like the food is not as fancy as the one the card comes with all the meals inside has a label which says what flight number is what destination what food service should be this helps the cabin crew know what is inside the cars without having to open them if you open it that document will correspond with what the food goes inside so here we have china, here we have the glassware and then that will correspond to the types of food that come from the food packaging side, those cards travel in another elevator and will be loaded onto flights generally within One hour before takeoff, each team to Throughout the process it has to move extremely quickly because all food must be cooked, assembled and eaten at Flight within 72 hours, so we never want to exceed 72 hours in terms of food processing requirements and we cannot serve them.

This meal will be on a plane tonight. Okay, so this production probably happened yesterday. Everything moves very quickly because at the end of the day they have to catch a flight. You can't miss the plane. Every shot from this rifle could save. Bullet-splattered bird's life scares migratory species at this mile-long toxic lake in Montana If birds land there for more than a few hours the acidic water cooks them from the inside out, Mark's mission Mariano is to make sure that doesn't happen Yes, Mark Mariano, waterfowl protection specialist, we made up that title, but it fits. He uses a multimillion-dollar arsenal of high-tech tools to keep birds away from what used to be a copper mine in Butte Montana.

This is the one everyone likes to see. What are you doing today? No, what is now a toxic birdbath began as an open pit mine 65 years ago, but in 1982 the company that owned the mine shut down the water pumps. Groundwater began to seep creating sulfuric acid that extracted metals from the rock. People have been munching on birds in the Berkeley pit ever since, and some of the methods they've developed here could help protect the hundreds of millions of birds estimated to die each year from industrial activity. Snow geese, avisets and griebes arejust a few of the species that stop in Butte on their journey north and spring and south in fall and Mark loves them all and your Widgeon TL.

I mean, I dream, I sleep, I eat and I poop, you know, duck, we obviously went overboard with the wildlife decor. My mom bought me this one and I told her it was stupid and now I love it but the sounds that repel birds are less natural so we move it over there and she says oh that's when you try to talk the first line of defense There are four so called. The whalers randomly sound a series of alarms to disturb the birds. You can hear these things on a nice warm summer night all over Butte and the propane cannons attached to timers fire all day long, mimicking the gunshots that many of the birds are afraid of.

For obvious reasons, on special occasions, birds may have their own private fireworks show. This is a last resort or we know something big will happen. We have used them twice. One of Mark's favorite tools designed to detect birds before they get wet is a $5,000 Swarovski scope, but after almost four years on the job, he can usually spot them with the naked eye. You can see them? No. I'm going to keep lying on them because if we can avoid Landing, which is always the best headquarters, it's this little cabin along the same ridge where the mine dispatcher used to direct the trucks.

They call it the birdhouse. We've discussed changing the name to something more professional sounding than bird control, but it has become a colloquial term. that we kept it up during the busy season, someone like Mark comes here every hour to do what they call hazing, that's the technical term for the pesky birds that land in the hole and fly away, we have a group coming in, it seems like there's more rain, so there are 33 43. When they started scaring away birds 30 years ago, their only tools were a rifle and a clipboard, they even had heat during the long Montana winters, for the most part it worked even if the records of The miners seemed like a game of duck duck in real life. goose that changed in 2016.

Snow geese migrate through Montana every year, but in November an estimated 60,000 of them landed in the well, essentially our FlyAway's entire population of snow geese arrived during the night and ran into a nasty storm and ended up using the worst rest stop ever Could this be a myth? You know, but they fired the gun so many times that the barrel was essentially bent because it was too hot. About 3,000 birds died in a matter of days, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, those guys choke when you know, you know, the Burly mine is talking about coming here and seeing, you know, thousands of geese snow there after that, the company is working to clean the well, brought in experts to come up with a more scientific approach, researchers found that the well attracts. 50 species of birds, not just ducks and geese, companies invested hundreds of thousands of dollars in sophisticated high-tech tools, but many didn't work.

It turns out that each type of bird responds differently to each of the technologies, as well as to simple things. a combination of them can help sometimes and then usually one will pick up where the other leaves off. The aerial drone is most effective when birds land on ice or shore, where there is a risk that a bullet could ricochet. Mark's high-powered laser works well on American coots. and other species that like to migrate at night in 2016, built custom drones just for the well. The first prototypes combined 3D printed parts with boogie boards and children's kayaks, which is why today they are at 10 o'clock.

The technicians use a remote control to operate what they call the water dog here's the group oh, they probably lost sight a little to the left now, sometimes the boat makes the birds take off and then a rifle shot them Flying This new and improved set of tools has a near-perfect record of keeping birds away from this deadly man-made disaster. Successful programs like the well are more important than ever. Nearly a third of North America's bird population has disappeared since 1970. Mining is to blame for habitat destruction, but some cleanup efforts haven't always worked the way people expect, a prime example of That's because you have to travel about 20 miles downriver each year, hundreds of thousands of birds stop here, the Warm Springs Wildlife Management Area is where researchers Stella Kaposha and Gary Swant come. to count birds, oh, we have some American assets that these scientists helped design Pit's enhanced protection program.

The reports we do here on Mondays and Wednesdays are published on Bird Shack so that these miners have a good predictor of what could be in the hole. hole, here's a cinnamon teal that, um, you probably haven't seen one of those yet this year during peak season. Gary's grandson also helps with the count. We usually watch about fifty thousand and sixty thousand birds in the valley and those are long days. It's like 10-hour days, the team comes to Warm Springs because it's a biodiverse refuge that has housed more than half of Montana's bird species, but like the Berkeley well, it was created by humans, this is a built-up area that has now been converted into a reserve.

For Wildlife In 1908, a flood washed mining waste from Butte into local waterways, killing fish and making the water unsafe for humans. After that catastrophe, these ponds were built so the hard metals could leach out. out of the water before running. The giant hoppers downstream neutralize the water with lime which keeps things clean and safe enough for wildlife, so the event happened in a single month in 1908 and here we are still cleaning it up, it feels wonderful because we can correct the problems of the past, experts warn that it is impossible to erase it. One hundred years of mining pollution, but with people like Gary Stella and Mark on the job, the future of Montana's Birds might be looking up, but no, if you're a wild turkey, I'm by no means an experienced turkey hunter, so this is it. my first, but we save everything.

Mark prides himself on not letting anything go to waste. I made it very traditional, like a chicken noodle soup, it's even gluten free, can you believe it. Has anyone ever pointed out to you the irony of the fact that your whole job is to keep wild birds safe and you go hunting. I am also an avid waterfowl hunter and what that has taught me about protecting waterfowl on the well is priceless. I wake up without an alarm every morning and I'm happy. having ghosts that you know literally rescue birds most days you walk home, you know that with your head held high about 43,000 international travelers fly into New York's John F Kennedy Airport every day by passenger volume, it's the largest international gateway airport in the US and in just Terminal 4 alone that equates to almost a thousand bags per hour and in those bags are a lot of things, some of which are not allowed in the country, including 120 pounds of food per day, so what's with all those confiscated items anyway?

At JFK in the '90s, getting something into the US was much easier, but after 9/11 a conversation began about how to protect the country from dangerous foods, drugs, and people, and Customs and Customs was formed. U.S. Border Protection, as it is known today, as you will generally see. Two types of CBP officials at airports, officers like Steve and agricultural specialists like Ginger, their job is to find, confiscate and destroy millions of items each year that do not belong in the United States. It's a big job and sometimes requires a partner. four legs, this is K-9, Spike looks like Mike, he is an eight year old Belgian Malinois.

I've been the only one handling him since day one, up on narcotics during our career, probably seeing over 400 different seizures. CBP officers like Steve identify high-risk people trying to enter the U.S., as well as drugs and firearms, and because the stakes are high, dogs like Spike are specially trained in what which is called a passive response, which means that if they smell drugs, they don't scratch. They don't bark and they don't make a scene, they sit and if they are right, the dog is rewarded. His reward is actually this toy here, so he likes to play.

So, isn't it? You like to play. You like to play. yes you do yes you do let me see it let me see it here at the port we have captured up to 16 ecstasy keys recently then narcotics are seized and sent to be incinerated the location of the incinerator is kept secret it has a National Security issue Now almost all of the The world knows that narcotics are not allowed across US borders, but in reality drugs are not the most commonly seized item at JFK Food. When a regular traveler arrives in the US, he must declare any food items he finds.

By bringing it in or facing a fine of up to a thousand dollars for the first violation, these items are not taken because the agents want to eat your delicious Spanish ham or Caribbean mangoes it is because the agents are responsible for protecting American agriculture from any foreign pests or diseases that may affect our livestock or crops and that is where agricultural specialists like ginger come in, everything is destroyed to protect against the risk of plague that we are. by protecting the country's agricultural interests we are protecting against bioterrorism where someone might try to intentionally bring in items to wreak havoc in this country foreign bugs hitchhiking on luggage have wreaked havoc on the US before orange and grapefruit growers Florida lost $2.9 billion from 2007 to 2014.

Thanks to the Asian citrus psyllid, and since its introduction to the U.S. in the 1990s, the Asian longhorned beetle has devastated hardwood trees. Eradication efforts between 1997 and 2010 cost more than 373 million dollars in our country. We go to the supermarket and to the food. It's always there, we don't have to look at it for holes or check for any disease, it always looks great, so we get a little spoiled and don't really understand the importance of protecting it, so it's crucial that even it is found and confiscates a single stowaway orange, but with 34 million annual international passengers to and from JFK passing through each of those bags it may seem pretty impossible for humans, but luckily they have a little help from the Beagle Brigade, this officer of four paws. is a cookie and like Spike, the cookie is trained in passive response, but the cookies were trained to sniff out food instead of drugs, they actually learned that they start with five Target holders and then over the years , will expand and they will retire with sometimes like 150 seniors that I know and Biscuit is pretty good at sniffing out these beagles.

It has an estimated accuracy rate of 90. Watching your dog sit on three grapes in a Samsonite hard case is simply amazing. Scientists say that his nose is a thousand times stronger than ours and they prove it every day once they make cookies. If an item is lost, the passenger and his suitcases go to Ginger, who will x-ray and search the luggage. Well, both are her correct suitcases. Well, pack everything yourselves. Pack your bags yourselves. Good. Ginger opens the bag and looks for each one. hand and if he finds something that is not allowed, he confiscates it and puts it in temporary containers, this is very common in that region, once you open it, you have grape leaves, these are horse meat sausages, this is another very good example of what we get very often. especially in the spring, this is a plant they plan to bring here to grow, so anything for propagation has additional entry requirements, which is worth two families on one flight.

JFK disposes of smuggled food in one of two ways: the grinder or the Ginger incinerator will package up the seized items and label them based on their final destination, so we'll walk through this well-filled container from those two passengers to our smuggling room. This is the room where illicit food comes to an end. This is our shredding machine this is what we usually use for fruits, vegetables, that kind of staples, it's called the muffin monster, but before Ginger can send a piece of fruit to the muffin monster, she cuts it up, You open it, crush it and inspect it, you are looking for evidence of disease insertion points for insects and exit points for larvae.

If she finds a small insect like this, she neutralizes the pest risk and sends it to the US Department of Agriculture for further investigation. She's now back to the muffin monster. HEThey grind 120 pounds of food. Every day since international passengers arrive, avocados, mangoes and citrus fruits are among the most common fruits that end up in the grinder, we get dirty, it is important to dispose of them properly. I love to eat as much as everyone else. I'm a big fan of food. but I know the importance of making sure that what we seize due to established risks is disposed of properly to prevent it from causing problems, so next time you have an orange in your luggage, declare it and let experts like ginger decide if it is immiscible and leave the serrano ham in Spain because Biscuit will discover that he recognizes this hair line to which he belongs. 11 on Stranger Things, his signature haircut returned for the show's fourth season.

Millie Bobby Brown couldn't shave her head this time, so it was all over. to the hair department TV and movie wigs like these demand an especially high level of detail, which continues to increase with the advent of HD and 4K cameras, and at wig maker Rob Pickens Studio there's a long way to go to create a wig hyper-realistic like that of the 11. one that starts here wig makers can't simply measure the size of different parts of the actor's head, they need to record the nuances of the shape and even the template of the hairline, which means a hyper-personalized fit, the initial fit with the actor is our time to capture as much information as possible first mold the precise shape of the actor's head with a head wrap using cellophane and lots of tape then get even more granular by tracing the intricate growth patterns in the hairline all brands are our roadmap for everything process everything from where the actor's hairline ends to maybe we Mark have a pretty steep slope in the neckline below the occipital, The head wrap goes on a block of canvas that is shaped to match the actor's head using a mixture of cork and stuffing.

This process is called Patting the Block, so think of it like quilting a pillow. This step is laborious, but once completed, a production filming anywhere in the world can call to have a wig made for an actor, even if the actor cannot attend a fitting. We are paying attention to the direction of the lace, how it fits onto the block and that is where we begin to shape it to fit the actor's head, just as hair lines must be traced down to the smallest detail, the lace that forms the basis of production wigs. It has to be a very fine denier, they used cotton lace in the early days and it didn't show up because you were working with film, film is much more forgiving than digital HD, so that's the thing, just as cameras change, the hair lines have become finer.

The lace has become finer, and so has the silk base that is sometimes used to simulate skin under a wig. It used to be a much heavier silk in the 11 wig. Rob sewed pieces of a super lightweight semi-opaque silk to look like his scalp. It was visible through the buzz, sometimes the silk is not enough to complete the illusion, so the hair team will add a prosthetic piece under the wig base. That was the case for the blonde, where three prosthetic pieces concealed Anna De Armas' darker hairline, and for Pam and Tommy, where a prosthetic forehead under Lily James' wig replicated her naturally higher hairline.

Pam Anderson. The same considerations apply to the next step, the venting process, where they sew each hair one by one. We use a variety of knotting techniques, one of which is called spot knotting, which involves a particular way of tying the hair so that the cuticle allows the hair to be pushed down as close to the scalp as possible. This technique allows short hair wigs like the 11 to be practically undetectable. It is also useful for the back and sideburns of men's wigs. Matching the idiosyncratic natural patterns of the actor's head, for example the grains go back or down, this particular actor grew down, so the hair was not in that direction, we actually tied crown swirls to the patterns we have built and knotted it naturally so that You can part the hair anywhere on the top of your head just as you would with your own hair.

As for the hair itself, hairstylists use synthetic wigs from wig stores all the time to use as background characters, but they're no match for hero wigs. that require real human hair, synthetic hair has more shine than natural human hair, something we are always trying to fight with. Sometimes Rob even adds mohair to the hairlines to mimic the soft strands that naturally grow there, as in Olivia's case. Wilde's wig and don't worry, honey, and Anna De Armas in blonde, the hair they choose also helps tell the story by making hairpieces for a movie or television character. Rob might have to convey something that a wig would normally try to disguise as aging or illness.

Cheers, that was the case with Tom Hardy's wigs on Capone, which showed the aging mobster at a time when he was living with syphilis, the texture of the hair speaks to that in Capone's specific situation and the origin of the hair was actually a sickly dead before us. He textured it. Capone's hair was also thinning at that age, so Rob reduced the density of the hair on the crown and temples and gave it a coarser texture in some areas with a softer texture in others. Next comes the coloring process, which requires detailed understanding. of the lighting in a scene and how that might interact with the wig.

Reds can be a nightmare sometimes if we create a red wig and put a blue filter over everything, it could look brown. A lot of our work is alchemy and color theory and figuring out what that would look like in the final product, for example for Mank, we knew that the whole project would be filmed in black and white, so when I was making Amanda Seyfried's wig and choosing the blonde hair, we looked at several samples and actually put them in front of the camera against similar backgrounds that they would use before we put a hair on the base of the wig to make sure that the blonde wouldn't look gray, wouldn't look Too white, it had enough dimension. the root seemed to be based on his head, there were similar considerations of stranger things due to the way the show was filmed, everything seemed darker on screen, even Eddie's wig, his wig was actually like a level 7 , an ash brown, but it was more of a Green Ash, so when we do more of a Green Ash and then put a darker filter on it, it looks like a much darker brown, whereas some period pieces require very specific hair colors from a time we may not see much of anymore.

Very specific apricot blonde that shows up on older women because it was the way the oxidative tint showed up on gray hair when the actor was playing a real person. It is even more crucial to define every detail of the wigs design, from texture to color. Rob's blonde wigs and hair department saw Jamie Lee McIntosh get hair with the exact natural density and tension of Marilyn's curls, although she later styled her hair into her signature curls and to achieve Pam's almost reflective platinum hue in Pam and Tommy's hair from the show. Designer Barry Lemo combined four different shades of blonde in Rob's wigs.

Those four shades created little pops of light and shadows that kept the high-end blonde from looking flat on camera. We can use as many colors as we want, more than five or six, depending on what. We're creating at least three, so here we're just painting a root shadow to add a little bit of depth with the base of the wig for the first lady. The team used the same technique on all six wigs Rob made for Michelle. Pfeiffer like Betty Ford, each of those wigs has about five to six colors to carry the color of the previous wig into the next era of Betty, so you don't make her go from a dark brown wig to a lighter blonde.

Making sure they were rooted in the same color palette was really important to make it feel like it was a natural progression of the same human being throughout their life. Sometimes wig makers have to make multiple versions of the exact same wig. These are a variety of stunt wigs. We have created for photo doubles the stuntmen who are cutting from a close up shot of the actor with the custom wig to the shot of the stuntman from the side, it is better to have the hair look exactly the same as in the previous shot, but create identical wigs is notoriously difficult, we do it through a variety of dipping processes using oxidative dyes, non-ox Ida silk colors, and different texturing processes to make sure we get the wig all the way to the roots so it looks exactly like the custom wig we created.

Get especially tricky stunt wigs to match hero wigs with totally different hair types, hero wigs usually get natural hair and stunt wigs get synthetic hair for durability, they need to hold up for shot after shot, roll around stairs, jumping off the building, etc., also synthetic hair. It dries faster between takes and stunt wigs should be quicker overall with minimal application processes for convenience and safety. You want to use a limited number of pins in case something goes wrong with the stunt and the fuse needs to be removed quickly. The wig makers could also have had to make multiple hero wigs like eleven in Stranger Things, which the team had to spend an hour and a half resetting and reshaping after each use.

To allow for this, the team alternated between three or four wigs. different throughout filming when applying the show's wig. The head of the hair department, Sarah Heinz Gall, had to make it sit naturally on Millie's armpit-length hair, which was all tied up at the crown of her head. She didn't opt ​​for the traditional braiding method which would have added volume, risking a cocoon-head effect. It's a variation on an old-school wrap called a split wrap that uses gauze and pins to really create tension and lay the hair as flat as possible on the head. Even a look as simple as 11 requires duplicate wigs, clever application, and meticulous work on the base and hairline to pull it off convincingly on screen there is a lot at stake with film and television wigs they can take us out of the story or keep us immersed in it if a plane gets sick it could end up here in the Delta's technical operations in Atlanta, with nearly 3 million square feet, is the largest aircraft repair shop in North America.

Here, mechanical technicians and engineers repair nearly a thousand airplanes a year with everything from a loose screw to an engine failure, but it takes a lot more than an elbow. Grease to make a plane fly again. This is a bustling and expensive 24-hour operation the work never stops because the planes never stop that's Cedric in February before covid-19 was declared a pandemic he took us behind the scenes of Delta's huge airplane hospital he let me get on the cap Bob I look like someone Delta Tech Ops is a maintenance, repair and overhaul or mro business we do everything you see on that plane we have component maintenance engine maintenance and aircraft maintenance six thousand technicians can fix every inch of virtually any commercial airliner on the planet among 150 other airlines, government organizations and even military branches, our job is basically to maintain the aircraft, keep it safe, an aircraft ends up here if it is scheduled for maintenance or if something is wrong and one of the biggest problems we the team faces is engine repair when that happens.

There's $32 million at stake, first a plane is grounded and then towed to this giant hangar. We can have six wide bodies and six narrow bodies simultaneously, so that's a lot of work that can be done here at the same time as the technicians run a diagnosis of a problem in the engine, if they determine that it needs to be fixed, it goes to the shop. engines. This technology operations division began in 1961, at the beginning of the jet era, today engine repair is the most expensive section of technology operations, with one hundred million dollars in new facilities in the last two years alone , so the engines come to our shop and we take them completely apart, inspect the parts and anything we find wrong with them we can repair those things before we put them back in the engine.

These are very high value pieces, so repairing them is the mosteconomical way to keep our engines running. All four parts are serviceable and receive a chemical bath, so most engine parts are cleaned in this area if there is any contaminant on the blades or any of the parts. parts of the aircraft you want to make sure are removed so you can get maximum engine performance due to airflow. Yes, you can work here for many years. I started here, next to the engine heads, in one of the Seven Bays in the engine shop. What's going on? How are you?

Why does everyone have a smile on their face? That's what I want to know, y'all happy, yeah man, how y'all here? FAA-licensed technicians work and reassemble the engine. We have approximately 900 engines. one year for various levels of maintenance covering 14 different types of engines. I want to show everyone a br-715 engine, so this particular engine is undergoing light maintenance where it is not completely disassembled. Light maintenance takes 15 to On the other hand, 35 days of heavy maintenance, that is where we would completely disassemble the engine, get into the internal areas of the engine and basically restore all the components associated with the engine, which can take more than two months. 2000 pieces that must be individually.

Inspected and maintained, this engine flies approximately five times a day. An engine stays at Wing from a few years to some of our engine types up to seven, eight or nine years, so we want to take advantage of the opportunity while they're here. do everything possible to ensure they are reliable for a fleet, if an engine can stay in the air longer this saves zelta and its customers money, remember these things are expensive and so are all the parts that go into them . This piece costs twelve thousand dollars and there are 80 of them added to the price of the surrounding pieces and we are looking at about 2.2 million dollars on the table.

This is the most high-tech part of the engine. These blades operate at very high temperatures and very high stresses. These fan blades of the latest generation Rolls-Royce Trent engines are made of precious metals and alloys and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars each, so a modern jet engine is worth several million dollars and is very maintenance-free. very important to maintain its value. Of that asset, only about 20 of all the motors serviced here are deltas, the rest are for customers who are likely UPS. We have Azure Gold Brazil and Virgin Australia engines. Repairing all these flying beasts requires a lot of skill and caution.

Anything can kill you. we touch everything is stronger than us everything is heavier than us you have to have your head in the game you are looking at a 13,000 pound engine lifting something that heavy requires a lot of safety coordination teamwork and attention and detail but a an engine that running smoothly is just as important, you can't stop on the side of the road if there's a problem, they're 40,000 feet in the air so nothing can go wrong, but it's an example of precision and very tight tolerances that everything has to be built because of how fast it spins and how hot it gets, we want it to get to its destination safely and that's what this is all about to keep track of the thousands of repairs and checks that technicians log at every step of the process. process of disassembly, assembly and inspection on work cards, also depend on sophisticated equipment, from laser welding equipment to turbine grinding machine, the precision of which is necessary to ensure the efficiency of the engine when we return it to service.

All this new equipment also means Delta can repair some. of the most technologically advanced commercial engines in the world that occurs in the newest facilities inaugurated in 2018, once the technicians have restored all the parts, they converge again in one of the engine compartments, here they turn the engine vertically and begin to return Assembling it, the center engine is At this point, they are complete and are putting all those fittings, harnesses and pipes on the outside of the engine, but before an engine can be put back on a wing, there is one more testing step. quality that is carried out in the largest engine test cell in the world.

A short drive or bike ride from the engine shops, you don't want to be in trouble while installing an engine on the wings, so you come to us, we make sure everything is ready and clear that this part of the building is where the engines come from. engines. There we install and manipulate the engine, so we basically put the test equipment on the engine and get it ready to run and then this part of the engine is your actual test chambers. The test chamber is the newest addition to Tech Ops and where the engines are tested, they can handle one hundred and fifty thousand pounds of thrust, although no engine has that kind of power.

Engineers perform testing 24/7. They monitor engine performance from the control room. The reason we need 24/7 is because production is coming up. out of the shops so we can have three engines primed and ready, but I have a test chamber, so you know we want to keep that test chamber running and moving, so you want to get it in there, get it running, get it out again. We can move our next engine once Ken's team approves the new engine, we take it back to the hangar secured on the wing and take it out, vote for takeoff as you see there is a lot going on behind the scenes that made this program.

We are always constantly trying to work to ensure that we are safe, effective and competent at what we do. That means once we have a plane here, we're trying to make sure we take care of everything we need. While it's down so we can go out and fly and when it comes back we'll do it all over again every year. There are half a million semi-truck accidents in the U.S. alone, so just like passenger cars, these massive vehicles need to be crash-tested to ensure they're safe for public roads, in addition to the typical Crash impact tests that every car undergoes, there are a number of tests performed specifically for semi-trailers, although they are not required by international regulations.

Volvo and Volkswagen Scania trucks are famous for performing what is called the Swedish Cabin Strength Test designed to simulate the damage caused by a rollover accident. This test is intended to see if the cabin will remain intact under high pressure. First, the roof is uniformly loaded with a weight of 15 tons, then a 1.4-ton pendulum is moved. The barrel is rotated at full speed. On the front A-pillar of the cabin, the weakest part of the lid, a second pendulum is finally launched. A barrel is thrown towards the rear wall of the cabin to pass the test. The resulting damage must not violate the driver's survival space.

The lid must retain its original structure without having large holes or protruding sharp edges. The test is often described as the most difficult in the industry, but as much as companies like Volvo and Scania boast of having passed it, their engineers are not convinced. They stop there and their cabins are still subjected to many high speeds. rollover tests, but trucks need more than their cabs tested, the tractor trailers they haul are equally important, but it's not about protecting the trailers, these tests are about protecting passenger vehicles in 2019, over 850 American drivers died in accidents with the rear or side of a truck Eighty percent of them involved some type of undercarriage where a car ends up under the semi-trailer or semi-trailer.

Towing tests involve sending midsize cars at 35 miles per hour into these guards to test their durability and the damage they prevent to passenger dummies. Unfortunately, these tests are not necessary for trailers to pass safety standards and while they are sideways under guards on trucks. They have been required by the European Union since 2003, they are not mandatory on US roads, yet the most extensive crash tests remain familiar crash tests to anyone who has seen a crash test video. Crash tests help shipping companies analyze how safe your calves will be. Drivers in an accident Crash tests take several forms, including offset barrier tests intended to simulate a crash into the rear of a truck and frontal crash tests.

In each test, these 120-ton trucks crash at speeds of 30 to 50 miles. per hour, researchers and engineers assess damage to test dummies, which are designed to resemble real human bodies as accurately as possible. They take detailed notes on which parts of the mannequins receive the most damage. This information helps researchers develop improvements to prevent these types of injuries. In future crashes, they also assess damage to the cabin itself, including structures such as the frame and electronic systems. Semi-truck crash testing has continued to evolve, although like EVS, it is expected to become the standard for the automotive industry in the coming decades.

This is true for semi-trailers. Scania already launched its first electric truck last year; However, while the chassis of a normal road car can pack battery packs within the wheelbase, the cabin of a semi-truck cannot sacrifice any passenger or powertrain space to keep the batteries within the frame. The cells go in boxes on the side that replace the fuel tanks. Because of this design, these external battery packs and the protective plastic casing that surrounds them must be crash tested for durability. Scania uses a frontal impact of the Volkswagen Golf compact car traveling at 35 miles per hour. The desired result is that the energy of the impact is distributed throughout the structure surrounding the battery.

The company hasn't released full data on the test, but says it went as expected and the batteries come out unscathed. There are reasons why companies like Volvo and Scania and the iihs take truck crash testing very seriously every year, around 5,000 people die in accidents involving semi-trucks in the US alone in 2019, 67 percent were occupants of passenger cars; is the research gleaned from crash tests to help make trucks safer for those behind the wheel and the everyday drivers on the roads beside them for more than 400 years a family in Japan has been shaping the grains of rice flour and sugar into small edible sculptures these sweets are called wagashi and making them is a precise and delicate art the pastry chefs must be quick and their hands have to remain at the right temperature or the dough will be ruined because the owner of the 17th generation from his family's shop in Kyoto, so how did this delicate art go from being a delicacy only if you enjoyed it to a national dessert?

We went to Kyoto in Japan. to discover how these traditional sweets are still standing later to make a picture he learned to make wagashi from his father when he was 22 years old at 68 he trains all the workers at the family confectionery kamehame because they specialize in kyogashi a type of wagashi made only in Japan's ancient capital Kyoto, most recipes start with simple ingredients like rice flour, sugar and beans, pastry chefs heat and mix everything into a paste, then strain the paste for about five minutes to remove any strange lumps . It comes in many forms, but there are three main varieties: namagashi, soft and moist, ranging from sticky to dry, and higashi, dry and with a longer shelf life.

Here they are making a namagashi in the shape of a chrysanthemum flower, a symbol of autumn, just a few drops of dye that we will color. the dough on the right here of the pink alien time is all the bakers have to sculpt the candy in about two minutes if they work too fast the design will look sloppy too slow and the candy absorbs body heat and won't turn out right that simple A wooden stick called Sanka Kubera is the only tool they use to sculpt the petals. If a line is out of place, they have to start the process again.

It's a good thing, since it takes time to get on your feet. Chrysanthemums are a Japanese national symbol and represent longevity. and rejuvenation the country's seasonal changes shape the Suites pumpkins are made only in autumn and cherry blossoms in spring Foreign City mainly follows old recipes and styles, but has also added new ideas to the foreign menu mixes yellow food colorings and pinks to create The perfect orange shade to style each piece is all about using white tools and techniques. Records show that Japanese envoys brought wagashi-type sweets fromChina around the 7th century was a rare commodity and only rich aristocrats could afford it.

Kiwaki's ancestors learned how to make wagashi from a priest and opened their shop in 1617. It was one of 28 shops chosen to serve the Royal Family, they delivered their sweets to the Palace in mother-of-pearl inlaid boxes Liquors The Western confectionery It began to arrive in Japan at the end of the 19th century, after the country opened its ports to foreign trade. Wogashi literally translates as Japanese sweets and became the term used to differentiate between the two kameham offerings. variety of sweets each season the store also makes yorkan a hanamagashi type the bakers make the base with red Zuki beans brown sugar and agar a gelling agent once everything is boiled they pour it into a mold and mix it with nuts the name of this yokan It is sukikage which translates to Moonlight requires at least two hours before it is ready to serve to contrast the wet desserts the shop also makes higushi the dry candy workers press the Daryl into traditional wooden molds this translates to Good Fortune In Japanese higashi sweets are small in size and have bright colors and detailed designs, wagashi comes in numerous shapes and styles influenced by the unique history and geography of each region.

Peace is named after a season or a reference from classic Japanese literature, but when it comes to enjoying it, Kiwaki says simplicity is key. Foreign Buddhist. Monks introduced tea ceremonies to Japan in the 12th century. The practice evolved into a social gathering for friends and became a ritual representing harmony and respect. The sweetness of wagashi made it the ultimate dessert to serve at these ceremonies to complement the specialty foreign bitter tea throughout Japan. From shops to department stores to street vendors despite the competition, Kiwaki never takes shortcuts when it comes to materials and production methods. You know you are a foreigner.

He is working to pass on this tradition, but says the hardest part is getting workers, for now sales are stable. One way to do it. This seal for the younger generation is long before kamehame's place on social media in history was documented in this 300-year-old book listing all the businesses in Kyoto. Kiowaki's foreign past is what motivates him to look toward the future that the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History has completed. 147 million specimens, the world's largest collection, from giant dinosaur bones to delicate butterflies and pickled animals like this stonefish, the world's most poisonous, but less than one percent is on display, the rest is hidden in the which is called hidden collections behind the The scenes are okay, so this is our vault area, our safe storage area for the mineral collection.

The museum costs more than $100 million to run and is funded primarily by taxpayer dollars. So why does the US government spend so much money on things that most Americans would spend? I never see well the specimens are not just sitting here collecting dust, they are actively used for research with great impact. This is what caused the plane to land in the Hudson River, but flooding could put it in danger. We enter the secret collections in Washington DC. to see how they are kept clean and protected by millions of specimens, this is what you can see of the Museum of Natural History, but the hidden collections make up the rest of the space of more than 1.4 million square feet spread throughout the museum and the outskirts.

The site's support center has seven different departments, from entomology to paleobiology, and the collections are constantly growing. The museum is free to the public to visit because it is funded by the government through tax money, but researchers here can't use tax money to acquire new objects, so how do they do it? get them right, they are collected in the field, donated or purchased with donations, for example, this giant crystal from Arkansas was donated to Mineral Sciences in 2021, we don't know exactly how much it cost, but estimates put it in the millions at entomology scientists . Collect half of the new insects in the field and get the other half from donations as people retire and are looking for permanent homes for their collections.

The ones that often come to us are the Taylor Swift Scorpions, so anyone who has seen Harry Potter would recognize them. They're actually very docile, they're easy to handle, you can actually get them as pets, but getting dinosaur bones is a lot harder, so here are some of the dinosaurs they would feel. Paleontologist Hansus faces a growing private collector market that started after those horrible Jurassic Park movies, when everyone decided to have a dinosaur in their living room, people now think that if they find a toe bone they should get huge amounts of money for it, and since they have to rely on donations, museums cannot compete for millions of dollars.

At auctions, commercially collected fossils often have no detailed locality information and that makes them almost scientifically useless, so all Hans can collect are bones he finds on federal land or smaller bones he can buy with donations, but some collections in the Museum are very old today. Bird researchers. We rarely collect specimens in the wild, this bird was collected in 1904 and if they do, it is from healthy bird populations today we take tissue, take recordings of songs, keep skeletons, make spread wings so we have many more parts of the bird than We keep and It is our ethical responsibility to do everything we can with a specimen if we are going to take it from the wild for research.

Once a specimen is purchased or collected in the field, it is transported to the museum. Specimens like that giant crystal then go through a process called session is where the museum inspects the objects so they can take them over, make sure they are in good condition when we receive them here at the museum, the museum acquires 300,000 specimens a year to Reflecting the scale and diversity of the natural world, once a museum accepts an object, it must be cleared at the museum's support center. Any recent living creature is cleaned with beetles, which are very fond of chewing dry skin.

They roam a little more freely in the largest chamber there is. There's nothing holding them except the trays you don't want. Stored rotten meat. Currently we have skulls of dolphins, elephants, sea turtles and I think there is a wallaby there. Cleaning dinosaur bones requires even more work. You'd be lucky if we had to. What we did was just dust them off, they are encased in their host Rock, which is what we call the Matrix and that Matrix has to be removed little by little. Michelle uses this machine called an air scraper that blows compressed air at the Rock, but what? as?

Do they prepare something to store forever? Well, a dinosaur bone can't just sit on an exposed shelf over time, gravity would start to break it down, so most bones get a custom storage base built from fiberglass and plaster. It's basically a fancy Tempur. Each of the Pedics costs around eight hundred dollars. They are resistant to pests and water. Hans wants them to last because he loves his fossils, a kind of wallflower, but you tell people that your paleontologists at the Smithsonian and suddenly you're the center of attention in the On the other side of the museum, some of the oldest animals received stuffed squirrels and others were pickled.

When you pickle a whole organism, you can study not only its fur and its skeleton, but also its internal anatomy and all those kinds of things, from a polar bear embryo to bats to giant fish, they are stored in alcohol, these fish come from everyone so notice that these do not fit in jars the gauze is to prevent them from drying out if the level drops so the coelacan they thought was extinct and in 1938 it was discovered in South Africa it was something very important if you can imagine that in entomology The insects are dried and fixed so that they have a stable temperature, then the food and their team place them on these hydraulic carts.

We have 35 million specimens in the collection that we have. four over 400,000 species represented in our collection, which is more than all other departments combined, since insects are essentially our only major competitor for food and because they have such a profound impact on human health, each One of these storage techniques is designed to last indefinitely, but while researchers have done everything they can to safeguard these precious objects, it is unclear how much longer they will be able to do so. The National Mall was once a swamp and today sits on the floodplain of the Potomac River that we literally stand on.

Sea level here, so one thing I've been doing this year is moving all the collections from the basement of this building to higher floors, since climate change, flooding from stronger storms, and the Potomac are a threat growing. Water seeps into basements throughout the mall. and threatening the nation's treasures, the Smithsonian will tell Congress tomorrow that $1 billion is behind needed repairs. It already happened to the museum next door, causing millions in damage, and the National History Museum is next, but Congress has been slow to fund improvements. We will have to start shielding the shopping center with increasingly larger dikes.

The museum plans to expand the external support center. It's higher above sea level, so researchers have started moving more specimens for now to preserve their collections. National Mall, the museum has started creating digital scans, starting with easier to handle objects such as plants and flowers, all of our flowering plants have been digitized so far, that is, around 3 million plant specimens that we have used on this conveyor belt today, this digital file is over. There are 9 million specimens, but the museum is still years away from having the entire collection online, so why put so much effort into storing things that most people will never get a good look at for research?

So think of a museum not just as a place that displays things, but as a place. that studies and understands things too, the collections are essentially a living library that can be accessed by 12,000 visiting scientists and their work has real-world benefits in mineral sciences. Scientists around the world can ask Jeff for a piece of any of his rocks to research. our reference mineral collection, so this is the part of the collection that is primarily used for scientific research. The department also monitors and tracks volcanic activity around the world. Pickled mammals are studied to find out which species can transmit diseases, one of the ways we study those diseases. is to find the mammalian host of the virus every time a bird crashes into a plane in the US, samples are sent to Carla Dove, invertebrate zoology, the colors and color patterns on some of those birds are just incredible, yeah , his last name is paloma, yes, I understand. which all the time my name is very appropriate, so I come from the mail room where I picked up the Daily Mail.

All of these packages have specimens of bird remains or some type of wildlife remains that were scraped off a plane and Carla receives 10 000 of these bundles a year are part of the horizontal stabilizer where the bird hit and caused the damage and you can see all of this bird here, which is what we call trap or bird tissue. airline industry billions in delays and damages remember the 2009 crash landing in New York City, less than a minute into the flight the pilot reported a double bird strike, in that case we got 69 suitcases because while they were checking and investigating , they did everything possible. in the engine and wanted to know how far the engine feathers reached the team and then use these fused bird remains to identify the species involved in the attacks. this one here, do you know what it could be?

Carla, he looks kind of like a black guy. vulture there you have it, it's one of her favorite birds no chicken is her favorite bird if she can't identify a specimen right away Carla can compare its feathers to one of the 500,000 specimens in the museum's collection the location of this attack was Florida so We looked at all the possible herons in Florida and matched them perfectly with an American bitter and this piece of beak fits perfectly with the beak of the specimen. Aeronautical companies use Carla's data to develop airplanes that can withstand bird strikes. You know which bird species cause these problems.

You can go to the airfields and manage the habitat to prevent those birds from wantingenter these environments and, based on their research, Air Force units have adjusted flight training, thereby reducing the risk. of bird strikes, but we also like to say saving birds, but we've barely scratched the surface of the Museum's countless research initiatives. We are collecting specimens so that scientists 50 or 100 years from now will have access to the same diversity. We have now and may never know how important these collections may be to scientists in the future. Museums are the memory of our culture and the memory of our planet and imagine that the Smithsonian of the year 2400 will have specimens from this time.

It will be a distant memory for people then, but it will tell the story of planet Earth, miles deep beneath the surface of the ocean. Scientists are collecting extraterrestrial creatures from one of the world's least explored ecosystems. They're studying what lived down here before it showed up. A new industry is moving to vacuum up tons of rocks from the seafloor, each packed with ingredients needed to build electric car batteries, wind turbines and solar panels. There could be billions of tons of valuable nodules in the ocean. A Canadian startup called metals company might be the first to cash in and in this test it got the World's Largest Hall, but you're looking at a cargo hold full of chunks of metal that were formed over millions of years.

This is history. I've never been in this. Nobody has done it. No one, the CEO, says that deep sea mining causes less damage than mining on land, although no one knows for sure yet if we are going to excavate our rainforest for these metals or if we should go to this Abyssal Zone to collect rocks, but As company carries out successful pilot mission, environmental activists say deep sea mining is not worth the risks, we ask it to stop plundering the seabed, they say they have leaked video of sediment dumping that proves their point , hundreds of experts have called for a pause in this type of mining until one of the most mysterious ecosystems in the world can be further studied.

Please do science before you go in and destroy. Can vacuuming up billions of rocks from the deep sea really help drive a shift toward renewable energy? This type of mining is actually better than land-based mining. We climbed aboard the Hidden Gem to see what deep-sea mining really looks like. These rocks are called polymetallic nodules. If you cut one in half, the inside is like a jaw or candy. Each begins with a fragment such as a shark tooth or a shell. Over millions of years, metal particles in water and sediment accumulate in a layer only a few millimeters thick.

It can take a million years to form. Nodules are found in flat, soft parts of the deep ocean Worldwide, one of the most promising nodule fields is located in the Clarion Clipperden zone, a stretch of the Pacific Ocean floor nearly as wide as the continental United States. Nearly 20 companies and countries are racing to launch the deep-sea mining industry. Here, much of it is reserved. for developing nations, that is why the metals company partnered with three Pacific island countries to explore their plots. Gerard Baron is on a decade-long quest to mine the depths. His last company ran out of money.

He wanted to do something that was almost impossible. I know he was pretty sure that if he didn't do this, he might not move forward and that would be a travesty. He is the chief executive of the metals company Nicest, which in November finished a 10-week trial to harvest nodules from the deep. one of the most important test points the technology available to collect these rocks on a commercial scale how the boat works lowers a collection vehicle into the water this prototype weighs 90 tons and is about the size of a minibus operators drive the collector remotely from inside From this control room, each vehicle has four nozzles and sensors that adjust their positions, they hover just above the sea floor and the nodules found there are sucked into the nozzle.

They work like a vacuum cleaner. The machine also collects the first few centimeters of mud. The internal pumps separate it from the rocks and expel some of the sediment. The following air bubbles push the rocks, mud and seawater down a tube that can extend up to two and a half miles. After about 12 minutes, the grout reaches the surface. A Whirlpool uses gravity. To separate nodules from water and sediment, the Hidden Gem was originally built to drill for oil, the metals company and its engineering partner called All Seas retrofitted it to collect and store nodules. The pile in this cellar is the harvest of the expedition.

The company says there are 3,000. metric tons, this is the first time a commercial collection of this scale has been carried out. Many rocks break on their way to the ship. They are quite brittle, but the product is still very valuable for nickel extraction. Cobalt, copper and manganese. The nodules will remain in storage until the company scales up. The metals company's ultimate plan is to build processing centers at the ports that will melt and refine the rocks into separate streams of useful metals. The company wants to run those facilities on renewable energy and eventually plans to recycle battery metals as well, but it first needs permission from the international seabed authority to expand mining.

Some have criticized that process saying the approval to explore mining in the first place has been rushed and secretive, but the CEO says this mission will provide information about mining that can only be obtained through mining if an industry is to move. from an idea to a commercial production, this needs to be done, all this data will be very important as we build a picture and prepare our finalized environmental impact study, researchers hired by the metals company sail alongside the mining ship on this ship Scientists are taking samples before and after collection to see how raising clouds of sediment or creating a lot of noise affects the deep-sea environment.

Sometimes I hear our critics say, but how can we? Trust the science if you are paying for it I tell you well who is going to pay if I am not going to pay I am sure that you are not either the company's environmental impact statement based on this mission is expected in the second half of 2023. And one of the main questions is what to do with the water and sediment absorbed by the nodules. The metals company is still testing the appropriate depth to minimize the impact of sediment clouds, but estimates it to be below 1,200 meters, if closer to the surface, it can block sunlight to see life below and spread to a wider area.

Activist groups shared these video clips with Insider and say they show the hidden gem spilling sewage onto the surface. The metals company responded with its own video. Saying it was a temporary hot tub overflow that it says went through the deck and out of these pipes in an email, the company said the event did not have the potential to cause harm. Insider could not verify whether the videos show the same event that experts said. Loose sediment could affect marine life below. These are probably the clearest waters on the planet, so calling for dumping a lot of cinemas there that the animals aren't used to will probably have some impact, so we don't really know how.

How much can they withstand well and how many meters are you behind the collector? A promotional video from the metals company calls this mining area the vast underwater desert, but even the deserts have life and this stretch of the seabed is home to many of the species in the Un Dark high-pressure habitat has not been found anywhere else on Earth. Recent expeditions have found a never-before-seen octopus, a swarm of bait-eating eels, plus sea cucumbers, fish, and things we didn't even have a name for yet, like this thing with nearly seven-foot-long tentacles attached to it. to a sponge that is attached to a nodule, which is a key detail.

The rocks seem to give some creatures on the soft seafloor something to hold on to, so it doesn't matter how careful the miners are not to stir up the sand. removing the nodules would eliminate key habitat and likely kill any animals attached to them. We can't really predict the scale of species extinctions that would occur from so much mining, but there is reason to think it could be important; In reality, we don't know enough. We have not yet understood all of these impacts and therefore the costs, what we do know is that metal mining on land can have devastating effects.

Cobalt fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been linked to human rights abuses, including the use of child labor in Indonesia. In the Philippines, nickel mining operations have led to deforestation in tropical areas, but some mines are better managed than others. People who promote mining in DC often argue that all land mining is inherently poorly managed and that is not true. There are certainly many cases where Lo is, but there are certainly many cases where the aura mind on earth also leaves behind a lot of debris called tailings that can leach dangerous pollution into water and soil if not properly disposed of.

The CEO believes that seabed mining solves the waste problem and has other benefits as well. we generate zero waste and zero tailings we are not at risk of child labor we can commercially collect these rocks and help stop some of the terrible deforestation of our most biodiverse terrestrial habitats, which would mean replacing some terrestrial mining with deep sea mining, But experts say there is no evidence that land mining will disappear or even decrease if we mine the seabed, we will end up with a situation where there will be greater ecological damage on land and then in the sea. well heading to the gym head in the gym hidden gym on November 16 a Greenpeace activist radioed the mining ship in Sea to tell the crew of his concerns.

Deep sea mining is an imminent threat to the ocean and the wide variety of wonderful marine life. The activist says the environmental benefits. the company promoting is just putting a marketing spin on the argument that we need to look for these minerals and metals to help the transition to green energy it is pure ecological observation, we are not talking about reducing the total amount of mining, we are talking about people who are already rich. For a new gold rush, ultimately experts say mining always has trade-offs, no matter where it is done, there is no doubt that Ipsy mining would have significant environmental impacts, but whether those are acceptable trade-offs is a decision that society should take, experts told Insider the best.

The way to make that decision is to start small, start with a mining operation and monitor it very well for at least 10 years and my personal opinion is that you could probably sustain a mining operation without having a significant regional loss of ecosystem services and biodiversity, but people are not talking about a single mining operation right now 22 companies and governments have contracts to explore deep sea mining in international waters metals company says it could begin large-scale operations as early as 2025. to move away from fossil fuels, energy experts say we need metals for batteries, solar panels and wind turbines.

Now I don't think deep sea mining can ever be a substantial producer, so the question is: what niche does refraction occupy in the market? Is it worth taking the risk?, according to the International Energy Agency. Says that to avoid the worst effects of climate change in the coming decades, the world needs to mine at least four times as many medals as it does now. Nodules could help with that, but they will still need a lot of earth metals and a lot more recycling. My name is Sam Draco I am a barrier and I am going to show you the cleaning process and the process of shoeing my holes the main thing I will do is set up in the schools there is a lot more science behind this than what meets the eye so What we would need is an anatomical understanding of the horse's leg with tendons, ligaments, arteries, veins, bones, columns, how they grow.

We also need to have some blacksmithing skills to build the horseshoe. Anything that needs to be done to help maintain the lifespan of the horse. Actually, the actual condition of this foot is quite good, it has only been six weeks and it has justgrow, so that triangular part in the middle was known as the Frog, and is known to help grip and help supply blood around the foot. Straight blade. I'm actually cleaning the sole, as you can see, it's going to fall apart and then this will help me figure out how much this horse's leg has actually grown and I'll just travel back as it grows a hoof, it's almost like a giant nail. .

So it's always constantly growing, so you need to trim that back and readjust the shoe so that the bone column of the leg structure is actually placed in the right place instead of, if it's too long , be under a lot of pressure on the tendons. so imagine that you always wear a huge pair of shoes, you will find it very difficult to walk, so trimming horses regularly will help maintain the lifespan of the horse and the function of performing any discipline that exists while taking the sole will begin to become slightly waxy, it won't fall apart as easily and that's a good indication that you're going as far as you should and then you should be able to trim that bit of excess hull off and that's it.

That's why you really want to trim from there, so I'm going to use these giant peritoneal cutters and you're going to start trimming your foot nice and level as flat as you can. The part I'm actually cutting out is exactly what made a toenail. They are millions and millions of hair strands joined together, so it is exactly the same keratin protein that a fingernail would have. There are actually no nerve endings in the parts I touch. The horse feels the sensation, so imagine having a shoe on. Someone hits the sole of your shoe, you will feel the sensation, but it doesn't really hurt, it's more or less exactly the same.

A giant nail file is actually what we call a rasp and then you would use the raft to get it. nice and flat because these horses actually walk on their nails unlike us so this has to be flat to help them walk evenly on their joints because if you made one side higher than the other then they would walk unevenly and it would be a excessive tension. on your joints and tendons, so the idea is to get it as flat as possible, so it's almost perfect, so let's say if it wasn't 100 perfectly flat, the shoe would finish that job for you, so each foot What I do is completely unique.

It doesn't have legs. Equal loop. I buy these types of products that are factory made and standard size and then we put them in the Forge to heat them up and make them flexible or malleable enough to make them custom for the horse to begin the process. By getting the correct size of the horse from memory and with a lot of practice, as you trim the legs, you see the shape that the horse's legs are, so you may see them slightly straight on one side, quite flared. on the one hand, you would register in your brain that you would automatically get an approximate size and shape that you would need and nine times out of ten I will get it on Trailway.

Now I'm looking to make sure the shoe fits the foot, this doesn't harm the horse's foot at all, if you keep it there for a long time then the sure feeling of heat will travel to the foot, they will eventually feel it, but I would say five six seconds is probably all you need and then this will create a mirror image from the shoe to the surface of the foot so when you burn it it will be perfectly flat so it won't be perfect once they are fitted and shaped properly For the horse he needs you to cool him down to a bucket of water or a good old fashioned way to bring him down to handling temperature so he can pick it up and use it with his own hands.

The bells probably only fit about two or three thousand into the hull wall and then they'll be gone. It goes up the hoof wall and then comes out the side so that when you nail it, it curves outward so you can turn it and hold it to the foot and I'm using my pliers tight so these actually move over the end of the nail. and push it back into the foot so it grabs and stays in place to create what's called a squeeze and then I'll use a rasp and that will polish the foot and make it all nice and smooth because you don't want any sharp edges. for the horse to grip on, so this is the final process to make everything basically nice and pretty, and what people will consider to be part of grooming the nails, actually, when you file the hoof wall, you're actually taking like a very very thin layer of the outside that keeps the moisture in and the feet and the kind of protective design, so you can replenish this with grease or any oil or any really weird shiny thing if you're malnourished or something, the nails and the hair are the first thing that would show that, just like any animal you know, with dogs, cats, any hygiene that you know is a big factor if you have poor hygiene of a horse that you know in a stable that is not clean or that is not they trim their legs or maintain their legs.

Care will eventually affect a horse or any animal in the wild. Horses are actually meant to live as long as we allow them to live normally as they reach an age or yes, it could be 10 to 15 depending on the type of breed, environment and predators. that they would naturally have, they would slow down and the Predators would catch them, so we have them in such good pastures and we keep them so well that they actually live much longer. Identifying a fake Rolex can be tricky, you know as a person who has been in the bargain. with these things for years, when it doesn't say Swiss, you know something is wrong.

John Buckley is a veteran watch dealer who buys, sells and repairs used Rolexes, sometimes worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. He is perfectly done today. They can sell for up to three times their retail price The market is estimated at $20 billion and growing rapidly It's like everyone is starting to buy watches because they are a good way to store money Between 2011 and 2021 Rolex It has outperformed the stock market, real estate and gold, but even experienced sellers like John have to be careful because there are fakes. US Customs showed us how he confiscates up to 150,000 fig watches a year.

Rolex watches are inside wrapped in old bubble wrap and Rolex would never put their watches on. in small Ziploc bags, but spotting a counterfeit is not always so obvious. If merchants like John get caught with a counterfeit, the effects can be disastrous not only financially but can also destroy the reputation of new Young Bucks entering the business. and they are trapped. there too quickly and your reputation burns when you can't make good on a sale Factory Bezel Factory Dial We follow John through Manhattan's famous Diamond District Do you always make deals in such a competitive market?

It's thirteen three no, it's not that bad. Of course, it's not that bad, why do you think I offer it to you abroad? This section of 47th Street is home to more than 2,600 businesses selling luxury jewelry, gems, and watches. John Bison sells about a dozen watches a week here from shops and other collectors. Today he is visiting two of his usual places, the lady has a meadow that I need, I hope she can buy it and I am going to show her a couple of pieces that I have. I must find it first, oh, that's good, what's so good about it? this watch comes completely complete look at the condition you have it all yes, John already has a client booked for this rare Patek Philippe.

I really like this watch. What is the date in the newspapers? I'm curious, not that it matters, he hopes to get it. For less than forty thousand dollars I listen to it, I know it's a good watch, no, I'm not here to waste time, you know, I need it. 36,000. I thought it was pretty good at 35, 37,000, that's my final price I think. It's fair, you can think about it. I don't have to think about masal, no problem, thanks, this watch will sell for 40 40 000 change, so I'll make three thousand dollars for the watch, which isn't bad on the street where John has his.

Be careful with a gold Rolex with a day date and diamonds on the bezel or on the ring that surrounds the crystal. How much does this 21,000 watch cost? 25,000. Yes, two, three, five, you like it, sure, let's do it. Factor diamond dial. Factory diamond bezel. 235, the deal, but me. I'm going to do it for you. Obviously I'm going to say we, but it really is beautiful. John normally has around 30 watches in his collection and most of them already have buyers lined up. We like cash flow. I write a check. I want to know if you know who I am.

I'm going to get that money back. I'll get my winnings and move on to the next one. It's like the Holy Grail around here. I didn't even think they were still producing them. You don't want to risk getting stuck with something. You might not sell it even if you love it, like this Rolex with diamonds from Qatar that has a starting price of $175,000. When you look at the ones they make on the street and compare it to something like this, I mean, it's a different world. I I I don't have a home for it despite the high prices John says he rarely makes more than a few thousand dollars a watch sometimes it's only a few hundred there are very few home runs in this game I mean I don't know what is considered a home run making 10 grand on a watch its like that doesn't happen thank you very much in fact he makes even more money selling dark pieces than real watches these are interesting they are called color changing or tropical and years ago I know the guys would never stay with these things, but now, since they are unique, they keep them and ask a lot of money for them.

These are Daytona dials that are actually cool. It's just tons of stuff, wallets, duffel bags, and Rolex hats. we have it everything we do he has accumulated these Rolex parts in his workshop for 25 years we are here in the laboratory this is where I can practice my gorilla watchmaking skills you have to have a very specific part for a very specific watch in order to John has seen demand for Rolex parts and watches skyrocket after 2017, when a Rolex Daytona worn by actor Paul Newman broke a sales record for 15.5 million plus fees, it officially sold for 15,500,000 thanks for your patience Natalie, now it's history 15 minutes what happened next was a huge bull run and I hate to use stock market terminology but that was, it's like everyone started buying watches in 2021.

Rolex's retail sales were estimated to be higher than of the next five. Combined brands, why are they so in demand? First, their reputation for quality is crafted from materials like 18K gold, platinum, and stainless steel, and there aren't many new ones entering the market. Brands such as Patek Philippe and Oldie Mark. Piguet each makes fewer than 100,000 watches a year. Rolex makes about 1 million a year and that's still not enough to meet demand for most people. The only way to get one is to get a second hand one. The result of this in many cases is a demand greater than the available supply, which causes prices to rise.

Rolexes also last and can withstand all types of extreme conditions. In fact, it started as a sports brand in the early 20th century, they began making highly functional watches designed to go underwater. mountains on jet planes and these were professional quality watches for people who needed precise measurements. These were not collectible watches in the past. Well, look at some of these watches that you already know, which are six and seven figure watches that sold for maybe 100 dollars at a military PX or something Adam and Hillary were one of the first to call up the Everest or a Rolex Oyster Perpetual during his expedition in 1953.

In the 1960s, Rolex began sponsoring tennis matches, car races, and a series of high-end luxury events. Rolex also began to display appeared much more on movie screens actor Sean Connery wore one as James Bond Marlon Brando wore one two in the 1980s Rolexes were sought after collectibles today a Rolex Daytona model is so popular that It is almost impossible to be on a waiting list. I'm still on There's a waiting list since 1996 just to give you an idea, but buyers are willing to spend a lot to skip the line, which is why used Rolexes can sell for two or three times their retail cost and, As demand increases, watch dealers like John have to keep up.

Tired of the biggest pitfall of the counterfeit trade, Customs Officer Steve Nethersall showed us how they detect and seize counterfeit watches at JFK Airport before a package lands in the US. CBP gathers intelligence on the container and the sender's plane and it will start by looking at the box well I'm looking because I don't have my glasses so I'm cheating the first one that comes is the country of origin Louis Vuitton they come from France the watches come from Switzerland when it comes from China Bing, that's your red flag number one. Rolex would never put their watches in small Ziploc bags.

They don't put them inside. Silica gel. Rolex does not promote people in the United States. They only sent theirretail stores over 90 of all. the products that we receive that are counterfeit are from China, you know, sometimes you can't tell with the naked eye, but sometimes it's so bad that you can, but you look and you can see the scratches and how it's not machined properly to get a nice finish. So when Steve finds a counterfeit product, he confiscates it and then calculates the item's MSRP using the brand's website and CBP's internal database. This one here would cost about eleven thousand dollars, that's the MSRP, what the manufacturer would lose if it were genuine.

These are usually on the internet for a couple hundred dollars at the shop he John is finding out if this Rolex is fake after 25 years in the industry he usually knows what to look for. I mean, I'm looking at the box color of this piece. it is not the same color as this piece, this is 18k gold, we always have to check this because I can't risk paying for it first or selling it to someone else if I'm not sure what the most reliable ways to do it are. Testing gold Rolex parts is a scratch test on a black stone made of quartz, then you add a few drops of nitric acid which dissolves any material other than gold and voila, oops, the acid didn't dissolve, the gold here, the acid dissolved.

According to the gold, it is not authentic, but most of the time you can detect a fake with the naked eye. We can usually spot them simply by the symmetry of the box. They don't have that nice Rolex earring. The other one, I mean, is kind of obvious. If you look at the amount of space between the face and the glass, you'll see that it's very high, probably an extra millimeter and a half. John also has his son James to help with fraud detection and I scroll through hundreds of listings and select the 10 that are fake.

The threat of fakes has not stopped sellers or buyers although Rolex is also entering the market. second hand market launches its own program to sell used Rolexes Younger generations are driving this new demand and are finding out about these vintage watches on Tick Tock. I saw this watch. It is 36 millimeter white gold with a factory diamond dial. Can you get it off me? John's son and his friend Tyler McCorski have helped him build a large social network. Following Buckley with us today, let's do it, the bread and butter is negotiations, you know people like to see them, so we want to give them what they want, but our other thing that we really do well is more educational content, today come on. to show you how to change the battery in a quartz watch John teaches the audience the same lessons about Tick Tock that he showed Tyler when he was still a child the first time I sold a watch to Buckley I was eight years old and it was a change of rubber Remember those rubber Swatch watches and he says I need five dollars for each one, go sell them wherever, at school, wherever and keep whatever is left after the five in terms of all the hustle and bustle and all the routine , you have that Wimbledon to yourself if you want it.

I actually enjoy the aspect of going out and trying to make money in this business despite all these new players. John isn't worried about the competition faced by these guys who fancy themselves, you know, they look at specialists and they've been doing this for a long time. One or two years, you know, everyone is a specialist or an expert, okay, listen, I'm a fucking expert. I've been dealing with these things hand in hand. I have the trash to prove it. McCloskey actually left a cup of coffee down here. really do that that's just rude this factory has made hats the same way for 166 years it takes at least two months to turn raw rabbit fur into a high end hat so each one can cost up to two and a half thousand In fact, Borsolino made the Fedora world famous.

Today just 90 employees make 70,000 hats a year, which may seem like a lot, but it's a small fraction of the 2 million halves the factory used to produce in the 1920s. , when almost every man wore a hat outside. Nowadays it seems like the only people who still wear hats are Johnny Depp and Hasidic Jews. Almost every man on Titan in the Lubavitch community wears a fedora and many splurge on a borsolino. The market is definitely growing, so what made the fedora so iconic? Why do thousands do it? of religious Jews wear it and how the companies that make these hats plan to bring them back into fashion while still making them the old-fashioned way at the borsolino factory in Alessandra Italy.

It all starts with pieces of rabbit fur. Most modern hat makers skip this step and opt to purchase pre-made felt. Some say it is the custom made rabbit fur felt that makes a true borsolino. Some of the felting machines have been around since the late 19th century. Each hat goes through at least 52 steps to meet Borsolino's high standard. Standards and quality are verified at all times. These wooden machines rain the treated fur onto a perforated metal cone. It was so fast that the fur lines up perfectly with the surface. A jet of boiling water keeps the felt fixed throughout the process.

Co-founder Giuseppe Borsolino learned this trade in France before returning to Italy to start his own business in 1857. He refined the process they still use today. The rabbit hair is treated, felted into a cone, then washed and pressed several times until it shrinks. down to the shape of a hat At its peak, the Borsolino employed 6,000 people, about half of them women. Female workers were mainly involved in the finishing stages, especially in quality control. The popularity of the hat soon spread around the world from the late 19th century to the 1920s. Most men went to work wearing a hat and the factory made fedoras for iconic Hollywood films such as Casablanca, but the use Hats eventually went out of fashion, especially after World War II, one of the reasons behind hats used to remind men of their days in uniform: the popularity of hats.

It may have changed over time, but Borsolino tries to make a product of timeless quality. We build and manufacture the head there with the same process, with the same machine with all the passages. Once the raw shape of the hat is created, it is still a very fragile worker. He carefully removes it from the cone, then the fabric moves to a smaller roller and cast iron. These machines help join the fibers. The fabric then goes through the first of three quality inspections in a dark room, a craftsman checking that the felt surface is uniform. but the felt pieces are still too big, these machines use boiling water to shrink them and repeatedly stamp the felt.

That's where it transforms from a cone to an actual hat. Later, the large claw of the hardening machine tears the felt fabric. Create the division between the crown and the brim, then it's time for Scotty to steam shape it, a process named after the Borsolino craftsman who invented it. The felt capoleene is placed in a machine that uses pressure and steam to press it with an aluminum block. Now there is a well-defined crown on the hat causing workers to remove excess hair fibers and the hat heads to the finishing station. Giovanni Zamiri has worked here since 1989.

He helps create the shape of the hot springs. Giovanni says that everything required a lot of attention in the 1920s. The workers watched the dyeing of the felts. They use sticks to keep them submerged, but today machines dye the felts with steam pressure and boiling water. They soak them here for at least 90 minutes. Hats are only now beginning to take on the classic Fedora shape. The accessories. The department sews the lining, the inner leather belt and the outer cotton band and the final decoration that has also stood the test of time, the Borsolino logo stamped in 24 carat gold leaf.

It takes almost two months to make a hat through this painstaking process, all using the same machinery. and methods by which the company first became famous Celino was built on handmade felt hats Today the company is branching out into all types of luxury accessories, but for some wearing a hat is not a statement of fashion, it's a matter of faith. Hasidic Jews wear a variety of hats. The way you cover your head can indicate to others what specific community you are a member of. Some fur hats known as stramos can sell for thousands of dollars. The community adopted the Fedora after World War II, which is when Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, known as the Rebbe, fled Europe.

Crown Heights Brooklyn after assuming leadership of the Chabad movement in 1951 continued to wear the layman's hat the rabbi wears this type of hat and it's a cool hat it's not exactly a shrimal so it's a no-brainer he operates forcelino boutiques in Jewish neighborhoods he thinks it's too small and I think it looks good, we will let the crowd decide basically, the smaller the brim, the prettier and more stylish, but a little nervous about wearing a stylish hat, basically, returning customers can fine-tune their hats in this area with all these original tools, basically this is where we deal with both new and old hats, so we are remodeling it and making it look new, the demand in Jewish areas is very high. which has created an opportunity for other hat manufacturers to enter the market, we started wearing hats at 13 at our bar mitzvah, so we knew what it's supposed to feel like, what a good quality hat is supposed to feel like, like Brooklyn brothers Levy and Yosichayo co-founded Bellissimo, which competes with Borsolino for this religious market, so we knew what people wanted, since we were the consumers too.

They started their hat business in 2017. After Levy went shopping, the prices went up and I think you know. we can make a better hat the brothers started making hats by hand we raised a thousand dollars we got 10 sample hats and we set up a tent on the street and we said we're going to start with ten hats and I try to show it to people not even give it all to them steam powered can do anything this one actually looks pretty good I'm not going to mess with it now they make it in a factory in Montreal right now she's smoothing out the sweatband and making sure it looks perfect but like that Borsolino, this company also depends on equipment that is over a hundred years old, so the equipment that we use is very old because they no longer make that equipment, the companies that used to make it.

Teams close but you can't buy this stuff, you know, even if you wanted to. The machinery at Bellissimo may be old-fashioned, but the company has no qualms about using a modern tool. Social media, the company has expanded its reach through celebrity endorsement of Jeremy Piven Snoop. Dogg Cedric the Entertainer and someone what Jamie Foxx hat and we were recently told you know he got it over five years ago and he keeps it in a special place and he says his favorite hats are from the two acid guys from Brooklyn, but we have the Beautiful. Look at that gangster.

I asked him if he would mind giving us a shout out. He happily did it for us which really helped put us on the map which attracted many new clients. Bellissimo surpassed its goal of $1.5 million in sales last year. This year, many people find the brand through Instagram and purchase their hats through their website, where they can customize their own felt hats, but for their own community, the brothers' approach remains face-to-face, every day. you have to discover a new way to reach your customers and thank God we go the old way where it's word of mouth, a lot of customers were skeptical, they only trusted a famous brand, so they didn't really want to try us and they said, oh let me buy this.

You know, 200 hats of you had never heard of it, so the brothers ran a promotion at a gigantic conference for rabbis. We had the biggest line at this convention and every other business was saying what was happening in that line, they couldn't. Even look at what it was, what we were selling, we're acting like you know, 100% off the hat, so people started grabbing the hats and trying them on, barely even looking at themselves in a little hand mirror as Bellissimo tries to grow. Orcelino recovers from financial difficulties. In 2017, the brand almost went under, but was bought by a group of investors the following year and the company changed its strategy to attract fashion-forward buyers with more than just fedoras, which we are working on to make our brand becomes much more contemporary.

New CEO Maro Boglietto says the company's toughest challenge is attracting younger buyers. We are really working to make the brand much younger because we really believe thatThe new generation is the future of the customer. A new team of fashion experts joins. The company, which includes former Gucci CEO Yakomo Santucci, aims to sell more hats in the U.S. and Asia and says the number of women buying its hats has doubled in the past 10 years, including with plans to expand. Borsolino will not compromise tradition and we are surprised that our customers always find that luxury product, but for us luxury means quality in competition for the Jewish market has not slowed things down.

It's kind of amazing that you see newer brands. I think it's a positive sign. that the market is dynamic and growing we do not see any reduction in sales we see growth for Bellissimo some of their best customers are family dozens of members of the Chayo Clan gathered in Montreal for a traditional hair cutting ceremony for Lavey's son today I eat with my grandson, I think he is doing a very good job and creating a whole new trend in hats, not only because it is a costume for us to wear, but it is becoming a fashion item, so why what not to combine style with grace to cover our Bellissimo bosses can sell more hats, we cover our heads because it is a recognition that there is always a being above us, God is above us, this belt is being destroyed in real life, then heads to a photographer to scan and can also appear convincingly used and weathered in Call Of Duty Modern Warfare 2.

The enemy Kia, which has been called the most realistic looking video game ever made, the team behind of the popular franchise has struggled to create tens of thousands of real props and costumes like this destroyed Target Direct, but they didn't stop with the objects, they also stepped up their performance capture label to create an incredibly true-to-life feel and experience. life. We take a look inside the game's Studio to discover how they transport our world into theirs and it all starts with a process. called photogrammetry or capturing high resolution photos of a person or object from every possible angle and then stitching these photos together to form an incredibly detailed 3D replica, fire all five cameras at once, the turntable rotates eight degrees and takes another photo because We're capturing it from below and from above, we get all angles of this part, allowing our photogrammetry software to reconstruct it as a 3D model.

The Modern Warfare team can then manipulate this photorealistic 3D model in computer photogrammetry, making it easier and faster to enrich the game world with new objects and characters. Traditionally, video game characters are built digitally and that's exactly how Call of Duty worked until 2015, when the team began incorporating photogrammetry. Now the team can build a character in one week instead of six and the result. It's a very, very dense mesh with a lot of detail that can pass through our character artists and when using this data to build a game asset, one of the most time-saving parts of this process is the ability to scan costumes into all its glorious details.

See when building costumes on the computer, a good portion of the time is spent painting with wear. Call of Duty is a war game, after all, nothing on the costume should look pristine with photogrammetry instead of digitally simulating every scuff and stain you can create. all those details in the physical world and we scan them into the game, so this is our distressing station, this is where we take the equipment that we put on the characters in the game, we're wary of making it look like it's been out in the field for a while. long period of time because when you get something new it doesn't really scan well, it doesn't have any sense of realism, they use rotary tools to rip and fray the costumes and sanders to make the fabric less starched and stiff, the fabric tends to make you feel older if you sand it and to make the clothes feel like they've been in the desert for weeks straight, we get pockets of fake dirt, you actually just drop it right on the garment, this process just seems Messy history matters, we try to put it where we think, if we are in the field, where a soldier would lie on the ground, where the most scratches would occur, where the most holes would occur, and where the most dirt would accumulate when we get distressed. things we try to tell the story, that story might involve stains or gunshot wounds, we used to use things like coffee and tea to stain things, but they ended up creating a bad smell over time, so now we use things like black ink mixed with water.

We have Hollywood fake blood here, so if something needs to look like someone has been hurt, including a fully costumed actor in the photogrammetry dome helps the team capture other subtleties, like how the fabric hangs and sways on the body. They also use this. Zoom in on the props, so this is the ghost desert skin, you may recognize it from the opening of Modern Warfare 2. It was actually created practically and then we scanned it here in this volume and a 3D artist took over and he built it for the game. scanned in-game via an alternative approach called the erago platform is a new system we implemented recently it's only for accessories continuously it's like a step up from having a bunch of cameras the system allows you to have a single camera on the miniature turned on one rotating platform and the machine will simply move the camera for you, so instead of figuring out where it needs to be in relation to the subject, it just does it in software so you can pre-arrange all your camera needs or your camera positions . and enter all your camera settings and then it will do the sequence for you.

This is actually packable and transportable. You can take it to a fixture house and then scan hundreds of fixtures per day. Here Valerio is using the Arago equipment to scan into one of the game's miniature handcrafted mini models of parts, weapons and vehicles once scanned into these models serve as emblems. For evil will pass a system that rewards users for playing the game and They are not designed to feel as strictly realistic as other parts of Modern Warfare in general we are looking for hyperrealism, we want the game to be 100% realistic, but this is not necessarily content within the game, this is shown outside of the game because of that distinction, If you want emblems and rewards to feel handcrafted and have collectible qualities that handcrafted miniatures lend themselves to, then it's easy to say to your artist: I want this to be My vision is to simply build it instead of trying to find it in The real world.

Sculpting it by hand allows you to retain some of that natural feel. Natural details like miniatures. The automated system provides a lot of control over the scanning of these individual objects in the game, but. Scanning in real-world settings and settings requires a more free-form approach consisting of a handheld rig with a high-resolution Sony 7r4 camera. Valeria is demonstrating this approach on a miniature here, but typically this is what she will use in the real field. slice-of-life scenarios and scenes that can't be placed on a record player or trapped inside the Dome. We rely on these high-resolution cameras to be able to extract details from the real world.

I would say that 80% of discounts occur in the real world. So it could be an urban environment and we could be filming a lot of terrain, a lot of streets. Street elements, trash cans, curbs, a lot of little details that will really help drive the fidelity, the quality of the game and then there are the natural textures that I also do foliage, for example, a lot of rocks, sandstone, granite. I need a lot of sand in Northern California. Coastal scans for Modern Warfare 2's Mexico setting. The team spent a week doing photogrammetry in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, including aerial photogrammetry with drones to capture expansive landscapes with the goal of increasing the level of natural detail in the game in the that teams are very involved in, for example, researching real-world locations what the light configuration is in that particular place in the world, so if we're taking a map and we say to ourselves that geographically it's about sending teams here in the world to measure, like at this time of day, this is the luminosity of the sun, this is how light bounces, etc., but photogrammetry has its limitations, especially when it comes to surfaces that reflect light, anything make it reflective, let's even say glassware can't be scanned, which creates challenges for the many vehicles in the game, another limitation of photogrammetry, it only works on static objects like rocks, curbs, trash cans, anything that is move like you know the tops of trees or even Usually a person's hair can't be scanned very well, so water is something that can't be scanned, even when we scan characters and actors, we don't really get Because hair works very well with this technology, that's where they use computer simulations to control physical behavior. of moving elements like hair or water that help create the Amsterdam Canal scene here, but Amsterdam would be a ghost city without realistic characters populating it and to create dynamic characters, you can't just place actors inside the photogrammetry dome with as many facial expressions as the actors do.

There is still a static process, critical images are one of the many techniques or methods of capturing reality, the other method on which the game is based for capturing the performance of its characters, this process differs slightly from capturing of movement, as it records not only the movement of the body but also the fingers of the face and voice we capture the performance, so on the body we have cameras to capture all the subtle performance of the face and we also have the audio to that everything is captured together. It's basically like filming a movie on stage, but it's also different from filming a movie in a few key ways.

Actors' expressions are captured through facial cameras mounted on their heads because some details are lost in this shooting process. facial capture. Acting for video games is a bit like acting on stage where actors rely on slightly exaggerated movements and expressions and unlike movies, video games are interactive and players can fall, run, climb and fight indefinitely, meaning that Actors must record hundreds of straining sounds and other noises, sometimes doing dozens of takes on a grunt or sigh to prevent their characters from sounding stale or robotic. hours of gameplay, the finishing touches come in the sound design where the team aims to transport as much real-world content as possible by recording in the field and with real weaponry and accessories every time you fire a weapon in the game and hear The brass is ejected and lands on the ground on the different surfaces, be it wood, concrete or metal surfaces.

We recorded all that. We do absolutely every recording we can, especially when it comes to weapons and vehicles in this latest game. we record all our weapons tanks real practice rounds of an RPG three different helicopters everything we can to make the game as authentic as possible we're out there trying to capture the sound it's all part of raising the stakes and keeping them high High for Completely immerse players in the game and make their actions seem like they have weight by simulating something as dangerous as Foreign War.