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Tissue Rejuvenation via Plasma Dilution | Irina Conboy, UC Berkeley

Mar 29, 2024
uh thank you and welcome everyone to Four Sides Health Extension and a group sponsored by 100 plus capital and today I'm very, very excited to have Irina Combo here, she's all going to talk about

tissue

rejuvenation

through

plasma

delirium and Arena was It's been a while since we had a co-Health Exchange and Extension Technical Competition, so I'm really excited that you were able to join us again. I know a lot of people here are very excited about what you have to tell us. I'm going to say something like um. Back up all the questions for later and just start, so people don't get too excited and then I'll collect questions here in the chat as they go and post your bio. and everything about this group in the chat so that it doesn't take up any more time from the presentation thank you again from all of us who are here and I think you can go, yes, thank you all for inviting me, so let me share my screen, yes .
tissue rejuvenation via plasma dilution irina conboy uc berkeley
I hope everyone can see it and my talk will be about the plasticity of age and how we can prevent, mitigate and possibly even reverse age-imposed diseases. It is a class, not one by one, that was not successful, but all together, so we will preferably talk about an anti-aging antibiotic. What you can see here is exactly what I see from my office in Berkeley. It's quite a nice courtyard and unfortunately I couldn't go there due to the pandemic for quite some time, so this slide presents this introduction on how we understand or rather we don't understand.
tissue rejuvenation via plasma dilution irina conboy uc berkeley

More Interesting Facts About,

tissue rejuvenation via plasma dilution irina conboy uc berkeley...

You understand the causes of aging and you know that with increasing chronological age there is a dramatic increase in organ deterioration and diseases that at some point become catastrophic, but, very interesting, this chronological age is very different for mammals. which are similar to each other in many parameters that are considered to affect aging, for example, rats live only three years and squirrels live 20 or 30, they are very long-lived mammals and, although rats and squirrels have a similar size and Similar metabolic activity, in fact, squirrels have greater metabolic activity than rats. They are mammals and have a very similar diet, but squirrels live ten times longer, so when the squirrel is three years old it will be a very healthy animal, but the rod at three years old will be very sick and will be a really very old animal.
tissue rejuvenation via plasma dilution irina conboy uc berkeley
So for us, firstly, it tells us that we don't really understand what controls the aging rate of mammalian species, although we have some theories, and secondly, that it's not simply entropy or damage rate that controls it because rats and squirrels actually live in the same anthropic environment, so maybe it's the ability to repair, so damage is something we can't change, but repair or repair efficiency we can change , so here are other cartoon points of view on what I mentioned, so if you look for a young person and an old person the degree of damage will be the same;
tissue rejuvenation via plasma dilution irina conboy uc berkeley
In fact, an elderly person who takes care of himself may have less damage if he eats a healthy diet and uses sunscreen compared to younger people who may be enjoying the sun. sunbathing and clubbing every night etc, however the repair rate is significantly higher at a young age and therefore perhaps if we can improve an elderly person's repair then we can rejuvenate them, for so this is kind of a general conceptual introduction to my talk explaining what we're doing and what we think we can't really chase entropy itself and reverse it that every little detail of entropy will persist but we can mitigate it and compensate for it by improving the cheese to repair it and regenerate it and that's the key to longevity So I'll talk a little bit about our experimental systems, we look at disordered normal

rejuvenation

and normal rejuvenation and octadormal rejuvenation and those are the three germ layers from which our bodies so we really start with the dormant active and dormant mesoderm and then they differentiate into various organs and

tissue

s so it's important if we look at multi tissue rejuvenation as a class to make sure that all three layers of terms are rejuvenated for the muscle, uh, for the messenger, we look at the muscle and we look at the fibrosis, the inflammation, the poor regenerative responses. and we can show that old muscle for all practical purposes becomes young muscle where fibrosis and inflammation decrease and tissue repair after injury is now effective, furthermore, thanks to stem cells from old tissue called stem cells. cyclin and then, for the endoderm, the liver ac, where we also observe fibrosis, adiposity and poor regeneration and our experimental systems rejuvenate the old liver turning it into a young one with fibrosis and reduced adiposity and hepatogenesis increases and then, for the bedroom active, we look at the brain that our men share Colleagues, everyone is interested in brain rejuvenation and cognition, the whole brain is characterized by poor neurogenesis or the formation of new neurons, increased neuronal inflammation and also that It leads to a lack of cognitive ability and memory, and we show that our approaches now rejuvenate the entire brain, making it significantly younger, like neurogenesis improves, neuronal inflammation decreases and cognitive ability increases and I put four five six, etc. because now we look at multiple characteristics of aging and rejuvenation, so the axiom is that when several key organs become significantly younger than the whole animal it will also be younger and healthier and live longer and I mention this because many people ask me if you did life span studies or health plan studies and although I will potentially respond and we are on that path, you have to realize that we are just the composition of the organ system, so if your muscle, liver, brain, bone, system immunological will become younger and healthier by default, it means that you yourself are younger and healthier and if you are younger and healthier or the deterioration of health now decreases and reproduction increases, you will live longer, there is no other way around it , um and the opposite is not always true, so here is this image of a very old sick mouse and it's even very old. and sick, it's still alive so it will be in a positive column if people are just looking at lifespan extension, a lot of animals with long lifespans are pretty miserable so I actually have to apologize because I accidentally opened a wrong talk which is a bit It's outdated, so with your permission analysis, can I get out of this exchange and open more?
Yes, thank you, yes, stop there in the meantime I'll let more people in from the waiting room and can you tell us what the outdated talk was? When was it like this? It was just a couple of months ago and we now have additional posts that I wanted to demonstrate here, so please be patient. In the meantime, I'll share some ways you can do it. connect to bio yeah okay just to make sure I have it all here yeah this is sorry so it's just the 2021 talk instead of 2020 and uh yeah so let me zoom back in and this will go smoothly from the previous slide alright answer guys on this so it's because you know we're all overloaded with zoom and so many remote conversations and I'm telling you I'm happy to let you know that we post every two months about these discoveries and so on.
I just wanted to give you the most up-to-date version, so we showed quite a while ago that aging is malleable for the liver, the muscle, the brain in the first study we published in 2005 and also for neuroplasticity, cognition, spinal rejuvenation spinal, kidney, bone, cartilage, etc. additional pieces of work were a continuation of our initial research on hydrochronic parabiosis by our colleagues so this is the finance slide that is the halloween party at the buck research institute in rookie and this slide is by eric gordon , who is the director of that research institute, which illustrates hydrochronic parabiosis where an old mouse is physically sutured to a young mouse so that they share blood and also share multiple organ systems and although many people interpreted this as just bloodshed, You must realize that now this old mouse has access to a young heart and lungs and therefore the oxygenation of the organs will be better and the old mouse now has better gastrointestinal tracts, so it will absorb nutrients better, consume food and water more frequently and will exercise because he has to run with the young man, so there are numerous changes. which are not related to the secret source and blood and to better control the system we developed this blood exchange procedure and apparatus for small animals where we exchange only blood so that the mice are not physically connected to each other and this procedure takes about half an hour. and then they recover and we were able to see what happens to their organs and tissues, if they are younger or older.
Also, of course, this procedure is not approved by the FDA, it cannot be translated into the clinic, but hydrochronic apharisis is approved by the FDA and is called plasmphoresis for people, it was not previously. It is used for aging and rejuvenation, but rather for blood diseases and autoimmune disorders, so once we posted about what happens with hydrochronic parabiosis and recently with hydrochronic blood exchange, usually our posts are highlighted in the economies than other popular presses and everyone interpreted all this in the same way. way that young blood is a medicine and here is an army of people trying to steal this young blood, but in reality that is not the case, so to give you an example of why it is not like that, I show you a result of hydrochronic parabiosis where young and old animals physically suture each other and exchange blood when they only exchange blood so what you see here in green and red dots are the newly formed neurons or neurogenesis and the particular part of the brain and hippocampus that It's called dentigiaris and it looks like this region v with a lot of blue cells, so at the edge of the v there are neural stem cells that continually produce neurons even when mammals are already adults and there is a dramatic decrease in this neurogenesis in animals old animals there are only maybe less than 25 neurons produced compared to young animals that produce more than thousands of them in this specific state and then after parabiosis now all animals produced 50 neurons instead of 25 and the animals Young mice have a decreased ability to produce neurons when they are sutured to old mice, so we discovered this in 2004 and shared our unpublished data with the Tony Vice Carey lab and then they pretty much republished the same result six years later in 2011.
So We initially wanted to include brain studies in our paper in 2005. nature in muscles, liver and brain, but we couldn't include them because we had too many suggestions for additional experiments and I already have my new job at Berkeley, but we are happy that the laboratory Tony has picked up those discoveries, confirmed them, and republished them, but Now, if you know what happens when you exchange just blood and the animals are not sutured, you have the same points here and the same v region, you can see them very clearly, but now, although young animals have better neurogenesis than old blood, neurogenesis is dramatically inhibited. but young blood, all the exchange with the offspring does not rejuvenate it, so if you place young mice with old mice and they have environmental enrichment and more exercise, their brain becomes younger, but if you exchange only blood it does not become younger. young, which is quite interesting and then if you look at their cognition or short-term memory in this interesting test called the four-limb suspension test, the mice are suspended upside down from the swamp wire and they have to have coordination and hold on to the wire and they don't want to pull down, so they have to remember that this is not good for them, just let it go, they have to keep holding on to the wire, so in this test, which is similar for us, we learn to walk on a tight rope, for example, if you are learning to walk on a tightrope and this test initially there is not much difference between young mice and old mice because it is not a broad force test and after the young mice exchange a control experiment with young blood, three out of four learn that they have are hanging on a tight wire but from directives with blood now three out of four do not remember or cannot do it and old mice if the instructions with young blood or old blood are unable to improve neither agility and coordination nor his memory, so basicallykeeps going down to sum up basically everything before neutral blood exchange in 2000.
Mike and I had the idea that multiple tissues and old mammals can be systemically rejuvenated with age and they published proof of that in nature in 2005 and the discovery didn't This was young blood, but the proof of principle that mammalian aging is systemic, it is in the blood and it is reversible, so the question for us still remains: how did the bloodshed happen and what happened? ? Meanwhile, this is my illustration of an intuitive leap because cats like to jump, uh, some other groups made this intuitive leap that young blood is the medicine and they followed this direction, but we continually, continually, continually pursued the opposite direction, like that, and it wasn't the opposite direction, it was just a direction, why?
Parabiosis works in the first place and if you think about it it really is like a fork in the road, it could have worked because of young blood or it could have worked because now if we remove the elevated negative factors of antagonized or diluted age then when you are young The animal shared blood with an old animal now there are fewer elevated proteins with age, they are not only physically diluted but also eliminated by the young liver and kidneys, for example, and then the young animal can also compensate for the change in the genetic expression of antagonist proteins.
So, there are numerous directions that we were investigating and then what we discovered is that the parables were due to the

dilution

of old blood, a young blood is not a medicine and in fact, people who were looking for young blood as a medicinal route are now encountering with a kind of scientific wall because young blood doesn't work so now they are switching to exercise to induce molecules comparing everything and young versus old they are thinking about a combination of adding young factors removing the old word or another to some extent try to repeat the scientific and intellectual property steps we have already made and, if you are interested, I can tell you more about it, which brings me to the most recent discoveries.
The main point is that the rejuvenation effect takes place without a putative cause other than young blood, and although young blood definitely changed with aging, just as many other things changed with aging, this is curiously not causal for us to believe. other aging or rejuvenation, so the decrease in young factors and young proteins occurs but does not cause aging and cannot cause rejuvenation. It's a pretty interesting scientific conclusion because many people ask me or continually ask me via email. It doesn't mean that donating blood would make you young. a new scientific threat to unravel the cause of hdl imposes cardiac deterioration and significant new medicine, so it is a great scientific direction that does not directly translate to that if you drink a lot of water and then go to the bathroom very frequently or if you donate blood, then you become younger, so this is the article that you published in May and then I will finish with the article that you published in November 2020.
So in the first article we showed that we can rejuvenate all three germ layer tissues simply by exchanging all. plasmid with saline albumin without young blood or young blood products so this is our small animal blood exchange setup where we exchange miles of road young with the um tube of saline salt water with five percent albumin and there are also cells blood because once we eliminate 50 of the old

plasma

then we eliminate the albumin which we cannot live without and we also eliminate the cells which we cannot live without, then we practically return the albumin and the cells, but instead of plasma with the circulating proteins now we have salt water and then there is a control of the procedure because we use heparin and we use some surgical procedure we use young young exchange in old exchange where young mice are exchanged with young blood old mice are exchanged with all blood as I mentioned this is a miniaturization of the FDA-approved procedure For people, which has a very similar, if not identical, principle and is called plasmophoresis or trapezoidal plasma exchange, what we found is that all plasma

dilution

is safer and more robust for rejuvenation than all other current approaches, which not only is young blood not needed, but also when it is used. perform this procedure all the tissues become statistically the same as the young ones so they are not statistically different from the young ones and then at the top now there are some examples so at the top you see what happens with the mouse muscle, so this is the mouse procedure, at the bottom you see what happens. with people, uh, clinical study, so with the mole muscles, the muscle fibrosis shown here in these white areas is decreased by a neutral blood exchange procedure and we call it neutral blood exchange because our solution has no age and then regeneration or this dense row. of newly formed muscle fibers that are of different colors and have central blue dots, which is that the regeneration of their nuclei improves, so this is much worse typical of the generation of girls from the younger generation and now, when they exchange young mice with mutual blood exchange, their generation is similarly dead.
Young and old mice exchanged with neutral blood exchange now also become similar to the young and very different from the old and the same goes for fibrosis, so it is not simply that fibrosis decreases in the old animals after of a single neutral blood exchange procedure, but now by that parameter they are not statistically different from the young cohort and then we can also measure the diameter of the newly formed muscle fibers and you see how not only are they denser but they are also larger and that is also quantified here by Many parameters of muscle regeneration now are like young animals that are similar to 75 to 80 year old people and then what we did next: I have a dog with Dr.
Dobre Kiprov, who is our key collaborator in the studies we obtained blood serum from patients before. threatened plasma exchange versus after repetitive plasma exchange this is after rapid plasma extensions immediately after the procedure and usually blood serum from elderly people is a stem cell inhibitor that you may need to know because it explains why it decreases regeneration and why it is through blood. So here you see this solitary yellow dot compared to many of these yellow dots on the right and this yellow dot is a muscle stem cell that is cultured and divided in ancient human blood serum and there are many cells here, so all the The cells that are cultured are shown in blue, but of all the cells only one tries to divide here and then none divide in the next part of the figure, so the cells that are grown in the dog serum then have a decrease In their regenerative capacity all serum inhibits their ability to divide, but after therapeutic plasma exchange this inhibition is dramatically less, so now many yellow dots mean that the cells are now effectively dividing even though they are cultured with serum. from exactly the same age person, but after therapeutic plasma exchange. procedure and we show that it is not related to the presence or absence of human serum albumin, so if we add um albumin to the cultures or denote albumin to the cultures there is no effect, so we do not believe that albumin is the factor main in our experimental system and then by switching here we also demonstrated improved neurogenesis, now you know what to look for, those red dots in the v region and the hippocampus, so now more neurons are formed, many more neurons in the old brains after this procedure and here is the liver adiposity, all these red dots.
Here there are drops of oil or fat and liver and there are tons of them in old controlled animals, as well as tons of fibrosis shown here in blue outlines and then both adiposity and fibrosis decrease with a single procedure, so the liver is also available. So now, because a lot of people were studying the effects of young blood on cognition, not just neurogenesis but cognition, and then more recently we also published a paper on that, where the procedure is exactly the same what I told them, but instead of sacrificing the mice and trying. In their various tissues we observe their ability to remember and recognize new textures compared to old textures and new objects compared to old objects, and you probably know that older people, like old animals, are not very curious and inquisitive, so which they are not really interested in. to investigate their environments and they don't really remember what's new and what's great, so by this parameter, by these cognitive parameters, a single neutral blood exchange procedure rejuvenated cognition, so now again, as you can see , old animals are no different from young animals. and they are very different from the old control animals that did not undergo this procedure and we always wanted to compare the effects of neutral blood exchange with synalytics because this is another important and profound approach to anti-aging and therefore in the first place , the analyzes work very well.
So this is the analytical apt-263 and the senescent cells are shown here in blue in the girl's essay, so there is a lot of senescence in all the brains and then the similarities are essentially reduced in all the brains very dramatically , as you can see here, but neutral blood exchange as well. reduces whole brain senescence, as you can see here, so neutral blood exchange has synalytic or xenomorphic properties, so in theory you don't need to use analysis if you use neutral blood exchange and then we look at neuronal inflammation . This is the last part of The data that I'm going to show you about neuronal inflammation here is illustrated by these red dots in the brain that label the microglia cells, so microglia are not really glia, they are like macrophages in the brain and when they express this marker cd60, it means that they are activated and there is no inflammation in the old brain and then the neutral blood exchange drama usually reduces neuronal inflammation and that is probably the reason why old mice quickly become more capable cognitively because they reduce your neuronal inflammation and then in contrast, if you look at Sinalytic Sinalytic doesn't really reduce neuroinflammation, which is quite interesting, because it decreases the load of senescent cells in the brain, but it doesn't reduce neuroinflammation.
The size of these red dots significantly decreases, but there are still many cells with those red dots that indicate neuroinflammation. Inflammation is fine, so how does it all work mechanistically? The way it works is that aging is driven by an excess of systemic proteins that inhibit tissue health and repair, so we can't evolve from them because at young levels they are really indispensable. I cannot live without them, but with age they become excessive energies that access that inhibit the health and regeneration of multiple organ systems. Consequently, when we calibrate them, you become healthier, but what's interesting and this is the proteomic data, so this is the proteomic data on um. blood before versus after the procedure these are mice and this is people what happens to the blood proteome after age diluted elevated proteins and what you can see here that there is a lot of red on the right side a lot of red here a lot of red here and If you look at the red scale it means that the major proteins are elevated, which is surprising because we dilute the proteome.
How is it that we now have all these proteins that are now present at a higher level after the procedure and what you need to know is that this is so? a week to a month after the procedure is not immediately after and the reason these proteins are elevated is a good reason is because those are the age-depleted juvenile proteome that we really didn't lose, it didn't go anywhere, they're still there. encoded in our genome is right in our genes, but they were physically suppressed by elevated circulating factors with age, so once we dilute them, the repression now also decreases and we automatically restore the useful factors as well and that produces the second wave of rejuvenation, the first waves come simply from normalizing the level of elevated proteins with age, but then, once theirbrains will become younger is what our hypothesis postulates and here I bring this idea of ​​the two waves.
The first wave is simply to reduce neural inflammatory proteins and other excessive age proteins, then the young proteomes come back and do their thing and gradually improve repair and regeneration and then if you think about it, we're like 80 kilograms of tissue. old that will not instantly become younger, but does gradually become younger or does not age at the same rate at all times. I think it is already a very good first result of the technology. Okay, thank you. I'm going to ask Louise a question just because I think she has some background noise, but. You say that after reading many of your excellent posts it seems there are a relatively small number of critical negative factors, perhaps not so, even though hundreds of factors may be involved, do you see additional advantages of exhausting the negative factors specifically with the affinity column? versus dilution of all the factors, yeah, so what we think all of these questions from today's audience are incredibly insightful and I'm wondering if you guys are experts in the field and I somehow missed it and I would certainly look forward to it. if they wanted to. to send me, you know, emails and we can discuss it in more detail, but with respect to hundreds of actors, those versus few of them, there is usually some hierarchy or dominance of key factor interactions or determinants and they control the key nodal points of signal transduction network interactions, so really the way in which cellular behavior is controlled in health and repair does not depend on any particular factor, but is not controlled by hundreds or thousands of them, but rather which is controlled by a few determining factors that decrease when present and absent over a particular time and levels. then determine all the networks, so if you then identify those key factors and normalize them for health and youth, they will take care of hundreds of other ones and, again, this is not our discovery.
In fact, it has been published for many decades in Pubmed. What I like most is that if any of us knew everything that was published at Paramount, we would just figure out everything else, but based on our background and experience, yes, there are determinants that then control networks of unique transduction pathways with hundreds of factors and We don't need to normalize all the hundreds, okay, I'm going to nod at Louise Dead. I have a question. I stay there and also give other people the space to ask maybe one or two more questions, so when they ask you like me.
What to do with everyone? What is your key challenge that you would like our accelerator projects to solve this year? Just said: safely calibrate the circulatory menu to help young people. Could you maybe explain a little more about that in case anyone would be willing to address it? Mind you, that's pretty much what you know, obviously our current interest in calibrating the circulatory environment we think the way forward is by removing, attenuating and diluting each elevated protein, but it's certainly just the beginning that I mentioned and which is a scientific threat to unravel. why we age and how to age more slowly or attenuate the process so that at some point we have excellent detection systems and excellent computational biology computational mathematical modeling systems to identify each elevated age-determining protein and see how to collaborate them to precisely young levels , not only in general, but individually because we do not age identically to each other, so although they will be the same patterns in our aging, they will generate deviations from those patterns and therefore, in my opinion, safe calibration will be based in the precision or in the patient, where for each person we will identify their key proteome, the levels and the composition, how it differs from the healthy young proteome and how it can now be restored to healthy young protein, so I think it is a big challenge which, when achieved, will provide a significant extension of a house spawn unless it is a fairly concise answer.
I think it's a good challenge for people in this group to solve. Well, we have some other questions. Let's see how many we can solve. You are a very fast sand, that is very, very important. Yes, it's because the audience is very well informed, yes, I think very good, okay, let's see if we can keep this up, okay, lynn, you're next and maybe worry about yourself, okay, hello, I'm Link Cox, I live in Oxford and my lab works on senescence and we're trying to suppress sas because we think that's probably one of the most damaging parts of senescence, so I was really intrigued by your proteomic data because I was hoping that cytokines and chemokines decreased and yet increased, so it was kind of contrary to what I was thinking and it made me think: are you really rejuvenating the immune system?
Are you promoting better immune health? Could that be one of the reasons you're seeing a loss of senescent cells? improve the removal of senescent cells and then the final corollary of that is do you know if your animals have better resistance to infectious diseases? So if it really improves your overall immunity, thank you very much, this is a great question, so first of all, not only animals but also people. those who are currently participating in the clinical trial that affects the clinical trial have improved resistance to infectious diseases, which is great, it is a really surprising result, you know, we plan to publish the results of the trials in a couple of months and this is one of them and the kind of mention that anecdotally in the article is that we published, but it seems to be true and immune rejuvenation is the main main aspect of that.
You know it absolutely correctly. I didn't think about it, but you're also absolutely right. that if the immune response is now younger, then the senescent cells could be eliminated, so not only is the hypothesis that they become restless and then produced as a cell, but some of them, the most deciphered, could now also be be eliminated more successfully by the immune system. Now that's really exciting, I mean with Covet you want to thin everyone's blood, I know, but we actually started before Corvette, so you saw the clinic, the first group of patients started in 2018 and remember that was codified before and uh and a lot of those samples were on the shelves so they were treated with rapid plasma exchange for something else and we just got access to the warehouse, but what we later learned is that even though they never got the flu vaccine, none of them They had the flu. so that was the end of it, these are older people and now these are the strengths that seem to be true, that's fantastic, thank you, so another point though is that now some of these people have received the coveted vaccine and therefore, We have to stop the clinical study because we don't want to dilute the encoded anti-spike antibodies, so our clinical study might slow down slightly with a call like that because when they get the covered vaccines, obviously they can't be prescribed procedures, okay, thank you.
Well, let's see if we can fit two more in and we have Christy next. Hi, I'm Christine Peterson, one of the co-founders of Foresight. If I understand the procedure correctly, it seems like a pretty low risk and I was wondering if there are any doctors who offer this? Now I actually heard a rumor that the doctor he works with in San Francisco currently offers it, yeah, so Dobre Kiprov has 25 years of experience with therapeutic plasma Pharisees and in fact I think he pioneered the concept of rejuvenated plasma phrases and We have already made some innovations in the procedure that improve it, so he is our clinical collaborator and the supposed medical director of a company that is trying to launch now in general if you just use it as prescribed and approved by him to treat autoimmune diseases. so there aren't many risks, certainly, much less risk compared to injecting yourself with someone else's body fluids, such as young plasma, although there are some risks because the cells are removed from your body, centrifuged in the machine and then mixed with the roof and albumin and come back to you, so it's something really complex, it's not something that you know that any doctor can prescribe, so I would say there are risks that are much lower than for other alternative procedures, but they could be mitigated if doctors those who are doing the procedure know what they are doing and have been doing it for a while that would be mine yeah cool thank you thank you well we have a question here from uh alexandre you might want to ask that too and I just want to Please continue there if there is anything this group could particularly help you with your research and maybe Alexander you want to ask your question too.
Hi Rina, thanks again for the update. Awesome, amazing new data. I was wondering if you could tell us. anything about future plans like, what are you doing in the company, in the university, anything you can share with the group, yes, in the university we plan to conclude the scientific results of the current clinical efficacy trial which is a small trial, let's say 25 to 40 people and post it so people know that you know the company's weaknesses, strengths, limitations and promises of this approach to treating diseases associated with human aging, basically because I'm a university professor , I was looking for a spare business person, I had the company and they finally contacted me via email and now we have a great business person who started some multi-million dollar companies in the recent past and so he is basically connecting us. potential investors and we give introductory talks and slide presentations, the idea for the company would be to launch the company the moment the results of the current clinical trials come out and have funding for larger phase three clinical trials simultaneously as the first step of the launch of the company and in the phase three clinical trial we need to have a randomization of the placebo group and right now I have to mention it.
Thank you very much Alexandra for mentioning it at this time. Our clinical trials are longitudinal, so we do not have a placebo group. We've just arrived. here before and then after a round of procedure two three four and so on and then how long does it take for the positive effects to wane to have a comparison of longitudinal clinical trials that is approved by the IRB at the national level, but the participants are paying for the procedures and we are paying a lot of money, that is how the clinical trial is funded and that is how it was approved by PR, so in the launch that you hope to have in May, we would need to have a large enough investment to support the foreign clinic. test where participants don't pay and then we have more people and then um and then we have a lot of group control and we still plan to have the service um um for fear of the company branch to continue with something that we have already proven works.
So, in a nutshell, you know, yeah, what's up, very specifically, what could the people in this group do that would help a lot with networking and advice, especially on the business side, would help a lot, so instead from making our own mistakes, you can. tell us where to look and what to do, how to troubleshoot and then of course you know the biggest help will be with the resources with the resources for the phase 3 clinical trial because that's the first thing, I think that's the priority. We have success in longitudinal trials when people pay. It is absolutely necessary for us to know that we have good standards of research and medicine to say that we now have a strict clinical trial that, once successfully completed, we can approve this procedure by the FDA for new classes of diseases. advertise it widely and maybe have health insurance involved and compensate for some of the procedures, so yes, resources and networking would be a big help, okay, what's the high level?
It's great that you're trying to market this. um and it's great that since it's already a human procedure, you can jump right into the late stages of trials, but what's the high level story about why you can commercialize it? What can you protect in terms of intellectual property? Since it's already approved, how can your company raise the money if it funds the trial. Great question, so it's approved for completely different classes of diseases, so if a doctor now wants to start making money off of it or if someone prescribes it for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, osteoporosis or anti-aging, then. um, they're going to have problems with the FDA, they're going to have warnings from the FDA, and in fact, the only way to move forward is to do a clinical trial to show that the procedure is effective.for those kinds of diseases.
Now, by conducting our clinical trial, we already know that the procedure has to be modified with the whole trapezoidal plasma exchange and therefore it is not the same procedure as the one that has been approved, but it is a repositioning of other processes and medications approved by the FDA, so it is not really a new chemical composition. That is the first step in our intellectual property protection. It is totally secret. Do you think you can protect the combination of settings? The combination of x is really trade secret protection. However, there is a very tempting possibility of re-patenting a new patent application.
I already have pre-approval. and patent procedures, medical devices, etc., so it is the easiest thing to do and then of course there are numerous ways to change the composition of the exchange fluids, such as the chemical composition itself being protected by intellectual property so that the procedure lasts longer. more features of aging reversal, so that's the third way, then they really start, you know, they don't increase, we are inventors and we already have numerous tweaks that only we know how to apply successfully and then the second wave is to report on things patented and then the coincident third wave is now a new chemical composition of the exchange fluid and that happens for the first few years and then of course you know the sky is the limit because we just discussed here that we can identify for each person the combination and precise concentration. of things that will be removed and restored and there are additional patterns and how to do it safely, so that's like seven ten years ago, do it right, we have three more questions.
I'll read them out loud to you and you decide. If you want to take any of them or none of them, fine, then we have, what do you think about the existing clinics in Europe for plasma races? So we have, do you have any idea of ​​the cutoff molecular weight of the molecules that you create? I needed to have it removed and how long do the benefits last and how often do you need the right treatment. The same goes for existing clinics. Some people who are in Europe don't contact us and tell us. We can potentially do this, but we don't really know exactly how to do it.
They have no idea how to apply it to combat aging because it is not a completely benign procedure. Could you join us to teach us? We provide service and support and give you part of the profits, so Dobriki prof has now developed an excellent membership plan and there are at least four clinics in the US and a couple abroad that are interested in joining, so which they pay an upfront fee and then you pretty much train them and support them and the patients are actually our patients so we are working on that so with respect to molecular weight no, there will be proteins of all types of molecular weight and they will be high with age, so you cannot simply have a 20 kilo pore as an adult and eliminate the age factors and that is why it is really ridiculous and not serious to find a functional fraction that makes you younger.
There is no magic formula. A fraction that they have is a combination of proteins and you publish them as. Well I'm really sorry, if I forgot that, thanks, no, remember you answered them very well, hey, thank you very much, I think we can all thank you, yes, please keep in touch, I really appreciate you being interested in participate. contact us, bye, yes, please tell us how we can help you. Thank you so much. I'll post a link for those of us who want to stay longer and socialize in a different room, don't worry you know? please feel free to leave it, please let me know anything that I can continue with the group and vice versa.
Thank you very much, good morning, goodbye, it's okay everyone. For those of you who still want to continue chatting, I just posted a link in the chat and I see many of you in the meeting room. It is best to join through Chrome. Now you can also join through safari, but this is a space for us to do all kinds of reports on this meeting and, yes, thank you. Everyone for joining this was fantastic and I'll see you next month for the next one, but I hope to see a lot of you on the Hangout afterwards, see you in a second and bye.

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