Die Säure-Theorie nach Brønsted I musstewissen Chemie

Now you can find out what exactly acids are and why lemons can conduct electricity. The last video was about acids and bases in everyday life. Today we will take a closer look at acids from a chemical point of view. different? When you talk about acids, it's usually a clean one. Solution means it means a substance, that is, the acid dissolves in water, let's take citric acid. Citric acid is, as its name suggests, an acid found in lemons but also in many. other fruits and citric acid is a powder, that is, a solid, acids are characterized by some certain properties, but the interesting thing is that these acidic properties only develop when acids come into contact with water, which means that although I have citric acid Here, for example, citric acid is not acidic at all in this state.

Citric acid is also found in sour gummies, for example when we are dry we are not acidic at all. Only when we put it in contact with water does it become acidic. Develops its acidic properties. So if I take some dry citric acid and taste it, it's very sour, but that's because of the water in my saliva without water. Why is it like this? When an acid comes into contact with water or dissolves water, the following chemical reaction occurs: the acid molecules separate. Strictly speaking, the molecules are separated from a positively charged hydrogen ion and a pike trace remains.

Negatively charged acid residue. That's exactly it. What happens with our citric acid. In gummy bears, citric acid reacts with water and splits into a positive hydrogen ion and a negative citric acid residue. With citric acid it looks like this, with acetic acid it looks like this and with sulfuric acid. acidic, but don't let that happen Of the various structural formulas that are irritating at the moment, the only thing that matters is that there is always a positive passion and a negatively charged organ. The remainder is often called a merger. proton, just like the proton in the nucleus.

Why was there nothing but a proton, as we have learned? Does a hydrogen atom consist of a proton and an electron mean nothing more than the electron? On the left is a proton, but what does water do with the proton and the acid residue? We learned in previous videos that water is a polar liquid. Take another look at our video on hydrogen bonds. A water molecule has a partial negative charge. the oxygen atom and the partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. Positive charges and negative charges attract each other. The same charges drop visibly since I cut an acid into two charged particles, water molecules immediately accumulate around these particles.

Can you imagine this exactly? Take hydrochloric acid as an example. Hydrochloric acid is obtained when hydrogen chloride is partially dissolved in water. the reaction hcl decomposes into plus and clc linus here is the acid residue in a reaction equation we express it like this hcl goes to h+ and counts, and therefore the bit is significantly reduced by half what exactly happens we write hcl in parentheses go there it means gaseous and h+ and cell - we write in parentheses akku plus akku comes from the Latin aqua which means water and this akku says that the two young targets h+ and are surrounded by water molecules and that is what we will see.

Let's take a closer look. Look at it, so we dissolve hcl in water and it decomposes immediately. Water molecules now see positive and negative actions: water is polar and loves charged particles. That is why water molecules accumulate around these particles. as if they were Young people are full of water molecules Water molecules align in such a way that oxygen atoms bind to the positive ion and hydrogen atoms to the negative cl - residential complexes because positive and negative charges attract each other each other. , so young are enveloped in water molecules and in This condition is called criticized acids, they are molecular compounds that react with water to generate activated positive hydrogen ions and hydrated negative acid reactions, resulting in clean solutions, Such acidic solutions have an acidic pH value. that is, a pH value less than 7.

I have a glass of water with a universal indicator solution. This solution turns red when the pH value becomes acidic. Here I have some vinegar essence, now put it in and. Behold, it turns red. The same dye is also on the pH paper, further proof that acid molecules in water really break down into johnen because clean solutions conduct electric current so that a material conducts electricity, the so-called charge. Carriers must be present and the young are charge carriers like charged particles. Here I have a conductivity measuring device that shows me whether a material can conduct electricity or not.

The value measured here shows how well a material can conduct electricity. number, the more charged particles I have in my solution. Let's take the water with the indicator solution. Here a value between 2 and 300 ppm results, if we compare this value with the water flow vinegar essence loose indicator solution, then we have a value of. 600 to 700 ppm because lemons are also acidic and also contain water threatening so they are also capable of conducting electricity. I connect the conductivity knife somehow to the lemon and here I get a value between 800 and 900 ppm, this lemon conducts electricity better than this diluted acetic acid. acid solution now that we understand what exactly happens with acids and water, we can also explain how some acids are so dangerous, others like that, who can eat hydrochloric acid, it is very dangerous, it is very corrosive, chemists say that strong acid , the strong acid, means that all acidic molecules break down when they react with water.

Each HCL molecule produces a fusion. Acetic acid or citric acid is among the weak acids in a weak acid, only some of the acid molecules react with water, the rest remains as it is and we learned before. that an acid only obtains its properties through the reaction with water if it dissolves the same amount of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid molecules in water. So hydrochloric acid produces more lotions than acetic acid because it doesn't react completely, that's why we can easily eat pickles while taking hydrochloric acid sessions. So let's put them together again. Acids have the following properties: They have a pH value less than Seven pH values ​​can be measured with pH paper or a.

Universal indicator solution. Both turn red with acids. Secondly, acids react with water and break down into a positively charged ablation and a negatively charged side. Third, that's all. and the acid lying in water is hydrated before, that is, they are surrounded by a layer of water molecules. You mark this with a battery and here are acid solutions that can conduct electrical current, for what it's worth, there are five strong acids like Hydrochloric acid decomposes almost completely in water and weak acids like this decompose in water and it's completely ready for today. This video was just a small introduction to the big world of acids, in the future we will take a much closer look at everything I hope you are there too, so don't subscribe.

If you forget, you'll get even more chemical violence.