Acute Pyelonephritis | What is it and What Causes it?

Starting with some simple definitions, urinary tract infections or infections will describe a urethane inflammatory response at any point in the urinary tract, usually as a result of the presence of a bacterial infection. Cystitis is when inflammation and infection is located within the bladder. Whereas

acute

pyelonephritis

is an

acute

inflammation of the kidney and involves a bacterial infection of the kidney parenchyma, acute

pyelonephritis

can be a very serious condition and has the potential to put the kidney at risk and, in more severe cases, can also put the kidney at risk. life in danger. The amount of bacteria in the urine is known as bacteria and can be asymptomatic or symptomatic.

The bacteria is found in approximately 4% of young women; However, it is much more common in older women, in whom it has an incidence of about 20 to 30 percent in men. It is much less common, however, in the elderly male population, the incidence is approximately 10% and this is generally related to the presence of prostate disease. Continuing with our definitions, pyorrhea is the presence of white blood cells in the urine and occurs as a result of the urethane inflammatory response due to the presence of a bacterial infection, we can further describe your retracted infections as uncomplicated or complicated. In uncomplicated cases, this is the presence of an infection within a structurally normal urinary tract, while in complicated cases there is an underlying abnormality. in the structure or function of the single tract, for example, in a patient who has a stone in the urinary tract and these underlying abnormalities have the potential to increase the complexity and severity of the underlying infection, moving to pathophysiology when we look at infections and diseases of the knee tract.

Quite a few writers there are three main routes of infection: they can be a haematogenous route, for example, in a patient who has infective endocarditis, and they can also be lymphatic, by far the most common route of infection is through a delivery route, so let's take a closer look at this with an infection that transmits bacteria that move from the lower end of the single tract, so the urethra and bladder affect the kidneys in young women, this usually occurs in the presence of a urinary tract normal, however, in the group of older male patients. This shipping infection is most commonly associated with underlying impairment of urine drainage with respect to some potential

causes

of impairment of the flow itself that you traced, these include a physical obstruction of the reflux of urine traced and pregnancy to understand how impairment works of the urinary system.

Tract drainage may increase the risk of infection. We can use a very simple analogy of a stream flowing with water. If we imagine a fast-flowing stream, the constant movement of water means that there is no risk of accumulation or stagnation and, as a result, the water in the fast-flowing stream remains crystal clear and does not become dirty or infected; However, when we introduce an obstruction or some other cause that can potentially affect the drainage or flow of the stream, this can result in a puddle of water, this extracted water can stagnate. and the infection can take over, so it is the same principle that can cause infections to be sent;

However, having a urinary tract obstruction can complicate matters further, as the obstruction can also cause increased pressure in the renal collecting system, which in addition to potentially reducing blood supply to the kidneys, also increases the risk that bacteria may return to the blood or lymphatic vessels and therefore cause the patient to feel unwell systemically, in addition, obstruction of the yoni tract will also affect the function of the kidney, this can cause It may be even more difficult to treat the infection with antibiotics, as these typically rely on excretion in the urine to attack and be effective against the bacterial infection.

The most common bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis is e-coli. ecoli is a gram-negative and aerobic bacteria, although it is usually found in the lower intestine in terms of its general characteristics. ecoli is rod-shaped and some strains have flagella which are tail-like projections that allow them to move and also, more importantly, the body of e.coli are surrounded by P. These P lines help in the adhesion of the bacteria to the euro theorem and, as a result, increase the ability of e.coli to infiltrate these cells and subsequently cause infection, as well as this adhesion mechanism, other factors that can increase the virulence of bacteria include the ability to avoid host defenses, antimicrobial or antibiotic resistance and also a decreased host response, for example, if the patient has an immunodeficiency disease.