Chronic inflammation and cancer

They're actually specific to particular types of immune cells, so it's not what you know. I think it's important to relate these things because this makes sense in terms of basic science. What we are discussing has complete scientific credibility as well as quite convincing interim empirical evidence and it seems tragic that it is not followed up, especially when the risk-benefit analysis is so positive exactly because what the hell is the risk of giving some MCO bacteria? attenuated by the heat they got into my armor. I can pretty well see that there is no risk of that, and yet the advantages are potentially immense.

No, as you say, there are no risks and there have been no risks in all of these studies because it is heat inactivated, yes, uh, virus, you are administering a precise known dose, it is not like one of these RNA viruses where you can produce six viral particles or six trillion trillion trillion trillion viral particles, no, it means it's totally safe because the heat kills it, it will never be able to do that. be resurrected to life as RNA or BCG see BCG is attenuated is your life and I have dealt with two patients during my time who were taking BCG and In the trials we did in collaboration with the John Wayne Institute, Donald Morton, many of the vaccines had BCG as a base.

Occasionally they can cause lymph nodes and these patients are found to have a very low level of tuberculosis. Fortunately, it's very easy to kill because it's toned down, you can do it just with a short reform course, you know, it's very easy, but less than 1%, you know, but it's still there, so the fact that we don't have to Worrying about it at all gives us confidence. We're not going to do any harm with this one, one of my earliest memories of working with

cancer

patients as a young nurse. There are so many women who come in with advanced

cancer

s, pathological diseases, horrible, horrible things after cervical cancer and that's another one. human papalavirus yes,

inflammation

, yes, the term retrovirus, can you unpack it a little?

What is the difference between a virus and a retrovirus? Well, a retrovirus is a virus first of all, yes, so it is a subclassification, a subclassification, most of the viruses that we have. have been associated with cancer in humans have been the herpes virus like the hepatitis B virus like the epin bar virus, for example, I mean, they're the biggest ones and the lid, these are the big DNA viruses, the Big DNA now, now DNA makes RNA. that makes proteins that makes money like one of the uh big like one of the people at the molecular laboratory at the University of Cambridge molecular biology laboratory in Cambridge said I don't remember which one was sad but true I think it was sung or perut these big guys that were there, but I always remember they said that because they were predicting the biotech revolution, so your DNA makes RNA that makes proteins, but a retrovirus is an RNA virus that codes another way, so it goes into the DNA and recodes it to produce. whatever you do and make your proteins replicate, etc., and in that little definition that I just told you, I think I just told you why I think messenger RNA viruses are so dangerous and downright dangerous and why I've been campaigning for them to be banned and you know I'm used to all kinds of insults and I know they told me I'm just an oncologist, what do I know about viruses?

Etc. All this, but I've been fine. You're just the highest ranking oncologist in the country, but we'll gloss over that point, yeah, but I don't, I wouldn't say that, but I've been on a lot of scientific boards of companies that are developing vaccines and you know, I've gotten into It's very deep and I've been on the board of a company that was focused exclusively on making messenger RNA vaccines so I was on the board for 5 years and I did my cycle and I knew there was a big problem and what a big problem I left that board seven years ago and now I know that the problem still hasn't been fixed and that this p pmic was used as an excuse to fix all the problems that the regulators wouldn't let them through before that.

Something terrible, but that explains what a retrovirus is. It is actually an RNA virus that can be reprogrammed. Go to the DNA and reprogram it and in mice, we know they only have a human virus that does that. H htlv1, they reprogram it. and you get cancer so it's a big risk well, congratulations for leaving when you did um now this DNA produces RNA produces proteins is what we call the central dogma, isn't it genetics? You know, all students learn that DNA produces RNA produces proteins, but we know clearly that these retroviruses, RNA produces DNA, but it's the other way around and of course DNA can produce more na, which produces more proteins.

Now, for the RNA to go into the DNA, we need an enzyme called reverse transcription, that's right, yes, so transcription is from DNA to RNA, reverse transcription, reverse transcription is from RNA to DNA, yes, that enzyme reverse transcriptase What is essential is the one that is produced as an endogenous product of human cells or is always encoded. because by the RNA that comes with the virus, where the virus is involved, it encodes it itself, it has its own reverse transcriptase, so the virus, the RNA and the virus itself encodes its own reverse transcription and that is what provides In the first target to treat HIV, they used reverse transcriptase inhibitors, so it couldn't integrate and have a life cycle that yes, yes, and it's a bit of an unfair question, but are there endogenous reverse transcripts in cells? human? produce reverse transcriptions or we know that.

I'll be very honest here. I'm not sure and that's why I'm speculating, but we have endogenous retroviruses, a large number of them in the genome accumulated over millions of years of evolution accumulated over millions of years. of evolution and they can, they can escape, so to speak, and we believe that other viruses help them escape because this is the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. There's a lot of work out there that suggests that these dormant, dormant retroviruses, which should be just part of our genetic baggage that we come with about 90% of our genome is Southern California baggage, and that's another fascinating thing: why?

What do we take with us? And, just for the viewers, I think the simplest solution is if you imagine. you pass on all your genes all the time and they're just a big bag of jeans and how are you going to make the most of them? While I think 90% of the luggage is the equivalent of the shelves and retrievals of a library, so it allows you to sort the useful genes and assemble them, you can retrieve them when you need them and on them, I mean, it hasn't been tested , but that's speculation, which I feel more comfortable discussing these, so what about the?

So-called multiple sclerosis is an enzyme that lets another virus come in and helps provide a reverse transcriptase that that virus doesn't have and allows it to wake up and start sleeping. Multiple SCs, we still don't know exactly what's going on. but I think that's the closest model to it and there are other complications because it's very genetically restricted and it clearly has an autoimmune component, so I just wanted to answer your question, but I don't want to get into multiple sclerosis no, no, I would love to because It's us, we'll try to stick to the topic, so I think basically what we're saying is we have this idea that we're in a bunch of viruses, Epstein's bar virus, for example, I guess we've all been exposed to that's exactly um and uh we live in we live with all these viruses um most of the time they're kept under control by an active immune system

chronic

inflammation

is complicated by this cellular differential that getting more of these nutrifil nutrifil of course they're brilliant yeah you have a bacterial infection, it's exactly what you want, but it's not what you want if you have

chronic

inflammation, yeah, it suppresses the tea cells and it's this chronic inflammation that leads to the development of a can of cancers um and and that kind of combines the cancer-initiating and cancer-promoting model is not really like that and can I add an additional piece of information?

I forgot to show that chronic inflammation that causes cancer is a reality and that interfering with this is a reality is that the experiment has already been done like BCG and tuberculosis, looking beyond how it actually reduced cancer and heart attacks 50 years later, remember that they did large studies that looked at the effect of aspirin. Now aspirin is an anti-inflammatory agent that blocks the 2 Cox pathways and also blocks prostaglandins and therefore the propensity to clot, in other words, it reduces the production of inflammatory mediators, so we know that it made a difference for the heart, but Once again, those big studies also gave the signal that people who took aspirin had a lower incidence of colon cancer and that is a perfect example of chance: they study to do one thing, but if you expand it , you look and ask other questions and it showed that anti-inflammatories would reduce the incidence of colon cancer and aspirin was ideal, unfortunately aspirin is very cheap but easy to get and take, it has the problem that if you take it in tablet form and no Not taking it with food can cause gastric problems and bleeding and occasionally, very occasionally, the bleeding can be f F Al and the problem is that the GP only needs one or two of these in his life and gets very cautious about time to advise. aspirin at all, but that is forgetting that aspirin can be taken at a low dose for clotting at 75, but you need a higher dose to be anti-inflammatory, but I have always advised that if you take the soluble anti-inflammatory with a meal mhm It reduces a lot and I do it myself.

I mean, that's the way I wouldn't take an aspirin in the middle of the day for a headache because that guarantees problems if I need a headache and sometimes sinusitis. The best treatment for chronic sinusitis. I just add the soluble and take it, and if it's urgent in the middle of the day, I have a yogurt with it, it's something to protect the stomach, so all this, you know, is logical and sensible. Things to do may work, but at the end of the day, I mean, I'm a big believer in daily anti-inflammatory tablets for everyone over 40 to reduce these pathways.

I mean, you could be aiming for the rectal strainer. it's probably preventing others, it seems to have a benefit in lung cancer as well, but there are many other anti-inflammatories that can be considered and to prevent, now the other causes of chronic inflammation, I mean, smoking is obvious, so I'm I'm not going to waste my time on that and that CA. I mean, most people who develop lung cancer have a history of chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract every winter, chronic bronchitis, etc., they are admitted to an aspin and eventually they are found to have cancer.

That's pretty logical, it's obvious that smoking is going to contribute to chronic inflammation, right? It's absolutely a direct carcinogen and it's also kind of a double whammy. It's a double whammy. I am absolutely sure. It's a double whammy, in fact there are so many carcinogens in smoke that we don't know which one is causing it, you just need to increase the risk, it's as simple as that, but what I wanted to address is another cause of chronic disease. inflammation that is driving cancer of all types initially the signal was for kidney cancer people wonder what causes kidney cancer MH uh and then it was wound cancer uterine cancer endometrial cancer what causes this and this I think is the most link fascinating once MH the link is with obesity MH now obesity, if you have to describe it, put it in a pathologist's pot so to speak, they only have a few pots, but everything has to fit in one of them.

Obesity gets into a chronic and inflammatory state, yes, yes. you are obese, you have many more cells than the thin person next to you and therefore you need to feed and you need to turn around and you produce your own inflammatory growth factors etc., so obesity is a state chronic inflammatory, so probably the best way to do it. could reduce cancers in this country would be to prevent obesity and do everything necessary to reduce it because it is associated where it is much more likely to have all the cancers, all quite well, all the common ones. all the common ones, yeah, that and to me that's really like reaching the top of the mountain because it's so overwhelmingly that it explains why these people have more cancers, a couple of very simple things, first of all, because they're really obese and large, they have a lot more cells and then when you have a lot more cells, you have a lot more chance of one of them becoming malignant just randomly let alone the fact that the more there are uh, you know, people in a room they curl up the warmer they get and that type of warmth is an inflammatory state that produces more warmth, more growth factors, more immune suppression, so I wasn't aware of that, that's interesting.

The adaptive number in obesity was assumed to be that the number of fat cells was fairly constant and simplyThey swelled and got bigger and bigger, but there is actually an increase in the number of cells present, well, that's a very, very good technical point. I'm sorry and I'm not qualified to answer that. I'd actually like to look into that, but let's move on to a paradigm. It's certainly true that genetically larger people without being Beese are more likely to get cancer because they're more likely to have more cells, they have more cells, yes, the random mutation and we know that's the case in overly large dogs, the dogs They are much more likely to get cancer than smaller dogs, interesting, so my thought here would be So is that the amount of fat, whether they are more fat cells or if they are complete fat cells, mhm, there they are going to cause an abnormality in the cell function that causes these cells to release inflammatory mediators systemically.

Is that kind of what's happening? Well, there must be a way because why if you eat too much do you gain weight and, as you say, these cells go to the adpost tissue? Yeah, and they're there to deal with the excess fuel to store it in times of uh when when there's none so to speak and that's one of the reasons why the people in the Pacific islands of Indonesia are so big and the Maris because they adapted in the good times they became big because they would have to sail the oceans for several days without any food and that extra capacity allowed them to make the problem is with obesity, there are no downsides, so keep storing.store and that interferes with all the metabolic pathways, diabetes is one of the most common and obvious vascular diseases and everything that it can lead to, yes, right, this is very interesting, all the common cancers, lung, intestine, prostate, breast, pancreas, esophagus.

Obesity of the liver and bladder is a potential factor, perhaps in varying degrees of iology, but a potential factor in all of these really common cancers, yes, and of course, in two of those breast and prostate cancers, you have a hormonal aspect, uh, yeah, too, but then that hormonal aspect can be affected, you know, by chronic inflammation and immune status, so that's very complex. I mean, I think the breast and prostate are more complex because of the hormonal aspect, but for me the prostate is more understandable than the breast, I think. The breast is much more complex as to the actual cause of inflammation, obviously the hormone has a lot to do with it, but men get breast cancer too, it's obviously not as common, but it shows, so the hormonal aspect simply makes it much more likely. but other aspects may also be affecting these tumors.

I tend to think of the male breast as being like a prepubescent female breast in a way that there's still like a basic duct system there that can be stimulated and of course men do. getting breast cancer is yes, yes, physical activity, I mean, it's good, obviously, but in terms of cancer, do you think it's protective? I don't think you know, and that's a very telling answer, actually, yes, they have very detailed results in mice. where everyone is identical, everyone is given the same stimulating factors to develop cancer, it is known that they will eventually develop cancer, so you know, it is a very good model of what can be done to reduce cancers, so they have done it and this has been repeated many times, you would have mice that should simply walk around the cage and then there are mice that have the opportunity to run on a wheel for a certain amount of time a day and all of this is monitored so that those who have Those who exercise a lot develop tumors much more slowly than those who don't exercise a lot and I'm sure that, unlike many things where mice don't quite translate to the human condition, I'm sure this is very relevant.

I mean, it's good to be in good physical shape anyway, so it's usually just running, if you don't mind, just a few minutes to go over some of the common causes that we used to teach my students about, certainly, the sun and ultraviolet radiation, yes, just just the skin. Cancers or anything else could be involved in that, that's what induces a chronic inflammatory state in the skin and when I was trying to figure out what was going on with melanoma, I said, you know what's causing this and in fact, in one moment. at a conference I actually said that it is a great irony that all cancers seem to be related to chronic inflammation, except the one that I have been given to treat melanoma and, in fact, the pathologist came to me afterwards and said that it is not different, he said that I can tell melanoma patients just by looking at their normal skin, because they don't have normal skin, they have a kind of chronic inflammatory fibrous skin and he also said that's one of the reasons his other big search is why So many melanoma patients have such low levels of vitamin D and he said that the skin has become inflammatory and no longer makes that vital conversion for the sunshine vitamin, as we know from the title of one of David Grimes' books, yes, and that is why even melanoma is a chronic inflammatory state that leads to a propensity for melanoma.

That really fits well and vitamin D, of course, which we know well. I think I can safely say that we know that low levels of vitamin D are involved. in the iology of many cancers, um, and that's vitamin D, it's an anti-inflammatory, I mean, it activates a lot of genes and controls gene expression, but it's also anti-inflammatory, right? Yeah, it's very anti-inflammatory, I mean, it's absolutely. It's vital for the immune system and it's actually vital for inflammation. I remember when I was doing a lot of research on this and found out that in very good immunology articles, if you don't have an adequate level of vitamin D, then your activated cd8 cell will.

It attaches to an antigen on a tumor cell and you just kiss it and it's gone, so this C cd8 is the helper T cell, right, the killer T cell, the activated killer T cell, oh, sorry, yeah, It's a CD. yeah, I always get CD C4 and cd8, that's it, yeah, cd8 is the killer cell, sorry, the cytotoxic cell, yeah, and CD4 is the helper cell that gives you all the signals, that's it, so the cd8 will not kill that human cell unless there is a healthy level of vitamin D, so vitamin D is really necessary for cells to do their job and then I found another article that says there is overproduction of antigens at low levels of vitamin D, well this seems to be a paradox initially, but no, when you look at it very carefully, it is the dendritic cells that present the primary antigens to the immune system to program it and if you have low levels of vitamin D it is not very good to present only the necessary ones, one becomes careless and this leads to autoimmune diseases, etc.

This is why autoimmune diseases are associated with low levels of vitamin D and most people who work with autoimmune diseases now one of the first things they do is detect low levels of vitamin D and treat them, and one of The first things that were recognized were multiple sclerosis. I mean the first thing you need to do is fix your low vitamin D levels and that's knowing the onset and the path to treatment and being able to help them because it's basically an autoimmune disease. He's addressing his own melin MH, yes, it's different. Radiation as a cause of cancer, I mean X-rays, for example, exposure to X-rays, or I mean what would be the mechanism there?

Can radiation physically damage genetic material? That's what I always taught, yes, yes, and it's true, it's true, yes, and it's just a matter of dosage and time. I mean, that's why we can use X-rays safely, because we know the dose is very, very low and also why we care about people who need X-rays frequently for long periods of time and we strive like people who have a lot need a lot of CT scans, for example, they now have much less radiation, but we would switch to MRI, which doesn't do that. So we have an alternative or Echo, I mean many tumors and things can be done with very, very sophisticated Echoes and that gives another cause of cancer which is CA iatrogenesis caused by MH medical treatment and fortunately it is now quite rare.

Um, so yeah, I think it's very strange, in fact, the things that come to mind are that radiation therapy causes other diseases later in life, like heart problems and people who had their chest irradiated for Hodgkins when They were very young, but once. Again, we no longer give doses that are too high and two, we are much better at targeting it and avoiding structures that could be damaged, yes, that's good, and of course, in the iatrogenic category you already mentioned people who have had transplants. and they need chronic medications to suppress the body's natural suppression, is it true that they are more prone to certain cancers after years of immune suppression, absolutely especially, skin cancers, very interesting of all kinds? dieting and avoiding junk food, obviously, and this relates to obesity because obesity is primarily associated with junk food.

I mean, I've made my own observations about what fat people eat and have terrible diets, I mean, and this is a common observation, we see this repeatedly, right? I mean, yeah, and the other thing they seem to be eating all the time, even while driving, yeah, I mean, I'm pretty much right now, so a good healthy diet is important not just to avoid. you're overweight but you need a high fiber diet to have a good gut microbiome, which basically means you have a good, healthy immune system, so the diet even helps program your immune response and your immune system and so of course, in absence. of the right amount of sun and everything, a big part of that is vitamin D and vitamin D, since it's a fat-soluble vitamin.

In reality, as David Grimes has pointed out, the tragedy of vitamin D was discovered after vitamin C and is not a vitamin. it's so much more important than a vitamin yeah yeah I agree with that and we just did a great recording with Dr. Grimes that will be out yeah I can't wait to hear it because oh it's up there I'm cool brilliant. fan of yours it's great we we and we went to the pub afterwards to have a couple of beers so it was a really good day um various minerals um I mean you know I'm thinking about Japan South Korea where they eat a lot of seaweed, high amounts of iodine .

I'm thinking of the UK, with much higher rates of breast cancer, where we basically don't eat seafood. Do you think there might be something to things like iodine being packed with iodine and other minerals yes it is not an area I have researched in depth but I have engaged with others who are similarly convinced that I am absolutely talisman for vitamin D in cancer, the next thing you get these people who have done a lot of research on iDine, interestingly, they talk about lugol's iDine being the most important because of its deficiency, so yes, and there will be many others that we don't know about.

I take a drop of iodine. a couple times a week now I think it's a milligram or two, right? You get used to the taste because I was exercising. You know, if you eat seaweed, for example, you get enormous amounts of iodine and we get nothing. I like that amount, of course, it's homeostatically regulated. So within the reasoning, you know that if you take more than the body needs, it will simply be excreted in the urine, so yes, and you remind me that you live closer to Darbishire than I do. Of course, the reason you say that is exactly a neck or a neck from Switzerland or a neck from Nepal, where the thyroid was swollen exactly from a simple lack of iodine, but of course the other thing that's fascinating is this idea of ​​the number of levels of things. as vitamin D and iodine were established to prevent uh, the amount of vitamin D was calculated on the amount to prevent rickets, which of course is an extreme form of Bendy bone disease, the amount of iodine was established to prevent Goa, which is a sign of quite extreme iodine deficiency, there is a difference between the amount of substance needed to prevent a particular deficiency syndrome and an optimal level of MH and I think that is what many of these blood levels and Dietary recommendations have not yet been updated. neither have the so-called experts, I mean, there is a special advisory committee like said sage suban, which is one of the most inappropriate acronyms ever invented, anything but Sage, they should call it, but the other one is the special advisory committee on nutrition that is are full of imbeciles who believe that 400 international units is the maximum that should be given to the British population and I have chall and he agrees with them, I mean small amounts of vitamin D, that is a good thing that It is probably what is needed for rickets because it is extreme, yes, but for good health you need much more than that.

You need at least two or three times more. I mean that the minimum supplementation should be a thousandinternational units and in winter in the north, the minimum. It's 2000 mhm, yes, and I mean, if you think about it, the government recommends 400 units, but if you go out on a sunny afternoon in just your shorts, you'll do 20,000, the difference is just incredible. I still drink a little more on Friday nights, well, I think it's very important to have a little alcohol if you're used to it and you're afraid, and I think suddenly turning straight and stopping it in my observations is not like that.

It seems to be a very good thing, I don't know why, but I mean, a moderate amount of alcohol is full of things, uh, I mean, beer stimulates your um, godly patches, yeah, the yeast in real beer, I think yeast in real ale in particular, so that's the justification for my beer. If you're watching this video and you don't drink, please don't start off based on this conversation, uh, but I mean, it's true, large amounts of alcohol, even though there is chronic inflammation, that's huge. Yes, yes, large amounts of chronic inflammation, but the other thing about white red wine is that the active ingredient, other than alcohol, is reservatol, which is a very powerful anti-inflammatory, so you know, things in moderation MH They're fine, everything in excess, I mean, I mean.

Moderation is the thing, isn't it food? If you don't eat food, stars. If you eat too much, you need something in between, and very often in physiology, we don't have a linear relationship between two variables. Like alcohol and cancer, it's very often an S-shaped curve, isn't it? So it's low at the bottom. ENT, there's essentially no risk, then it goes up sharply exactly when you hit a particular critical dose. Physiology often follows this sigmoid curve, just in the workplace. cancers um I mean asbestos for example, I mean it's a clear risk right? It's very interesting as a bestus because I worked at the time when I was involved with the MRC they came out, no this has nothing to do with me. working independently, but they went out and did these big surveys because they knew the lung survey.

Richard do and Etc. and Pito did the big survey showing that smoking clearly caused lung cancer which the industry fought for years and years, so it was very obvious to everyone, well, there was asbestos and misela and that link it was there for a long time and they monitored it for about 20 years and I remember they came out and said there was no link after I think Richard Doll found out. This was around 1960. I think I'm sure there would be no link and that became an official report, but from then on the link became stronger and stronger and when it became absolutely obvious, mhm, that the link was admitted, it's just ridiculous.

It was and the interesting thing about asbestosis and Amela is that the average is at least 40 years. 40 years of exhibition and what is the exhibition. They are pieces of asbestos that are ingested and cannot be gotten rid of. They are quite indigestible. literally and that leads to a very low level of chronic inflammation so um misela arises from a mesitis basically because the macros and fites have real problems trying to get rid of these particles. Melom is a totally horrible disease, aren't they plural membranes? it swells it takes up practically all the space it crushes the lung terrible it is a terrible disease and I must say that I applied those principles to the treatment and I have treated myeloma patients with the IMM when I could get it anyone I can't at the moment because it goes through registration trials, but I was able to do that, so the IMM is one of these mycob bacteria, it's the one we're focusing on now, yeah, and maximizing the anti-inflammatories, uh uh, which in these cases included vitamin D. because vitamin D is a very strong anti-inflammatory MH and I've had amazing stabilizations with that wow in patients who refuse chemo, look at chemo, oh horrible, surgery and radiotherapy, and it's been amazing, so once again it proves it. an anti-inflammatory and people will say it's not possible to say that in some patients, but I say I can say that in some patients because that's what years of being a doctor does, dealing with all these things, you're very good. to detect what is effective and what is not, and they only say that you can tell when it is proven in a randomized trial.

Well, I don't have much faith in randomized trials anymore and I have people who always agree with me. Since we published The Death of Science Book, I've had people contact me saying that they basically want to see articles written and do something about that should be the death of science, thank you. the death of the Rand is the death of the randomized trial because we now know that the randomized trials for covid were completely perverted, they were not randomized at all. I mean, there's nothing wrong with the principle of a randomized control trial, which is a great scientific principle, you know, that go, that go, it goes back to the discovery of streptomycin for tuberculosis, that's great, but It is the way it is now applied in practice and whoever pays the violinist causes the results of the clinical trial, yes, yes. um briefly, we're almost done um air pollution microparticles, are they a risk? yeah, clearly, clearly, so um smoke incineration stuff, yeah, diesel, diesel fumes, here I have a little bit of a cough there, but once in a while it's not covid, it's not any of these things.

I call it diesel lung and that's what you know, after years of being exposed to Lor particles that expel these particles, it produces tiny particles and they make you cough. I mean, it's possibly worse than smoke, but I mean us. Let's go over the top now we want all of these things to be electric, but actually the new diesel engines are actually very, very clean, as long as the filters work, as long as the filters work properly. Yes, yes, but you are right. Fortunately, unfortunately, in our generation we have been exposed to many decades of abuse.

Is radon gas a global problem or is it just a UK thing in very small areas of the UK? I haven't analyzed this in detail. I'm not an expert on this, but from what I understand it's exactly the latter which is a problem in small pockets in the UK where there are very high levels and it has been linked to lung cancer. I think I think close to me it was known that you have to test the cells to see if it builds up there and of course cancer becomes more common with age. One thing I have never understood is why occasional cancers are more common in young people.

So, for example, think about testicular cancer M, more common in young men. While the vast majority of cancers are more common with age, yes they are, why is there a difference between testicular cancer? I don't think there are any exceptions to a broad general hypothesis of all this, of course, so I think testicular definitely isn't clear that the good thing about testicular cancer in young men is that it's completely curable if caught very early, it's just incredibly curable, but thank you for giving me that clue because it reminds me to make this very, very, very clear.

Everyone says that the biggest risk of cancer that you can't control is the genes you inherit from your parents, yes, and they are so genetic, that just because you have cancer, and this is true, you get lung cancer in people who never had it. have made. If you smoke, you get cancer early in all kinds of things, but you've never been subject to chronic inflammation, but we know a lot more about that. It's more in the textbooks that you get these genetic conditions that make you much more likely to develop cancers and you've inherited them and, I mean, what comes to mind is braam mutations for breast cancer brca breast and ovary exactly yes, yes, and of course, if we understand these causes, we can take measures to prevent it, which is the main objective of this study.

You know, I think that's absolute gold dust. I was just great, that was an hour and 50 minutes. I was fascinated until the end, it really is and it's really good to get confirmation of some of the things. I've taught for the last 30 years that they're actually right because, you know, talking to a specialist is really reassuring in that sense. Professor d gch, as always, thank you very much for your time and for giving us the benefit. of your entire medical career, all summed up in one absolutely incredible video, not that we've done it justice of course, but some of the things I just touched on for 30 seconds when in fact I could go on for hours and hours and hours in depth on a lot of that stuff, so I'm just G.

I'm just giving you a general idea, yeah, well, if you want to send the list, I'd be happy if we can do a lot more things. but for now thank you very much thank you for asking me thank you