Was ist ein Loch? Der Unterschied zwischen Wirklichkeit und Realität (Matthias Warkus–Science Slam)

Well, you probably know, you're somewhere in a meadow or something and you're having a nice picnic and you're not thinking about anything bad and then this is a photo from, I think, Guatemala or Nicaragua or something, so it's a naturally formed hole called a sinkhole, I hope no one died there, so holes are a natural phenomenon on the one hand, then there are also machines that we use to make holes through mountains or something. I live in Jena. a prefabricated apartment from the wonderful WBS 70 series. There I have a lot of holes that I have to drill in reinforced concrete, so I know relatively exactly what I'm talking about, and there are also artificial holes, which are somehow both holes created in a way natural like naturally created holes. the artificially created holes that somehow constantly appear in our lives, so in principle we have to deal with them every day, so when we take the subway to work we use a hole, for example, so now The question is such a ubiquitous everyday phenomenon.

Can you win philosophically with this? Philosophy is the controlled use of the most general terms, there is the concept of object, for example, which has already been suggested, I have covered it a bit and it is always about how we do it. put different things under the same denominator. It matters and the problem with holes is that you might think that they are somehow objects like any other but it's a bit difficult to reconcile them with those and if I want to know what it could be, so Talk, what are the more general properties of the objects?

That's interesting, do I have holes in the drawer or not? And when I look at the different properties that everyday objects have and those that don't have holes, then I realize what I can do with them. For example, I can make things like stones, cups, cars, flowers, I can count them, I can touch them, I can move them if necessary, I need a little strength to do it I can also take them apart. individual pieces or break them, even with force. The most general characteristics of the holes I can still count very well, so in my apartment I think I have drilled holes for more than 170 dowels, so ask me sun as soon as you touch them.

It gets difficult, so if you have holes, think about the characteristics they have. You can't touch it from the outside, you can just stick your hand in and move it, it stops completely, so I actually drilled holes in the wrong places. my apartment and it's like, I can't get my hand into the wall, I pull the hole 4 cm to the left, so move it. It doesn't work at all and taking it apart doesn't work either, so I can fill a hole later. It's gone but I can't make a hole. I can't separate a hole. As I said confusingly, afterwards I either have two holes or no holes, so breaking them doesn't work with holes like it does every day. objects like stone cups, cars and now it is like that in philosophy we have a little problem with existence, so in some way we would like to know what really exists, what does not exist or we already know what there is and we would like to know what really distinguishes what there is apart from the fact that things that do not exist exist and now the question is how to do it.

If we touch it with the holes and separate it, it cannot work. so we have to think about something else. A big hole. The theorist who wrote two basic texts on holes once said that a hole is where something is not. There is a general tendency to say that everything that exists must consist of something, that is, atoms. or whatever, and with holes we already have the problem, a hole is not really something and that is the absence of something so there is, so to speak, there is something around which then, the classic example of this is cheese, that Tucholsky also wrote a text about, and how can we somehow accept the fact that we want to say that yes, that holes exist, that all other objects also exist, that we have to do with them every day, but with these properties, somehow it doesn't work.

What kind of property do communities have with other objects? It couldn't be that they simply consist of something. We could just deal with that, not what's around it, which in this case is cheese, but that. is in it, so the holes in the cheese that contain yes, if we were paying attention with the mouse during the program, carbon dioxide, at least until we cut it, and I could just say that a hole consists of what is there in it, so the holes consist of carbon dioxide and There is a similar absolute vacuum, so in principle we are fine.

All objects that exist are made of what holes are made of carbon dioxide. The problem is only for the moment. when I cut the cheese the carbon dioxide escapes and if so I put the cheese in water why should anyone put cheese windows? Then they are filled with water, that means the same object, so somehow we agree that the holes have such a continuous identity. and the same object first, carbon dioxide, then it is made of air and then it is made of water, but it is the same object all the time, so it is a phenomenon that an object remains itself all the time, but the components of what it is actually made of.

It completely exchanges something that we really only find in Catholicism and it doesn't work very well, so there's a different approach, a schematic representation of the hole, so how about we deal with what's around it? Imagine, for example, a cardboard tube that is inside. a roll of toilet paper, we have it. Yes, there is a hole in the middle, logically otherwise they couldn't hang it and we simply say what that hole is made of. In colloquial terms we can be a little imprecise, but. We also say other things, we also say that the sun is rising while we say that the door opens, so maybe what makes the hole is what is outside, so this core of a toilet paper roll is a hole and a hole made cardboard that works surprisingly.

Well, that's how we got the holes in the beginning. Take a look at the handle, the only problem is how thick this casing needs to be, so if you imagine holes in the cheese again, depending on what type of cheese there is, there will be a lot of holes close together and basically, if we look at this cheese casing cheese around the hole, this imaginary box around the hole, if we imagine them then they overlap, so if we imagine that they are 2mm thick but they overlap, then we have the The problem is that there are parts of this case that belong to the at the same time to two holes, that is the case of other everyday objects such as stones and flowers.

They don't actually overlap and that's why we don't want that with holes and that's it. why we use mathematics like modern philosophy likes to do and simply say that if we are talking about a hole, then we are talking about a layer of something around an absence of something and the thickness of this layer is greater than 0, but approaches zero, so to speak, then a hole is one with its inner surface, so to speak, I'm not a mathematician, I hope to somehow correctly express the group of sleeves around something that matches its inner surface with a close thickness . zero, that's a great approach, unfortunately it doesn't work the moment you drill the hole squarely into another hole and it doesn't work anymore.

There are some other interesting edge cases, so you can double them too, that's why you can now read all that in the literature. Actually, there is a lot of philosophical literature to read, it is also very entertaining, the people who wrote it don't know that either. Scary, so you know what it is. It's funny dealing with holes, but now it's a point where you can approach it completely differently and say that maybe this assumption works, that we say that everything that exists consists of what everything that exists is made up of some mini parts individual holes made of some matter, perhaps that is a completely wrong approach, perhaps there is something else that all holes have in common that has nothing to do with their composition and one could, for example, find that holes can be caused so that we can with such a large size. machine I can still make holes through the Swabian Alb, but they can also have effects, so a hole can prevent me from going to work, which means that the holes they have in common with each other may not be a certain type of composition, but rather, working with them can interact in a certain reproducible way, so in the same way that the hole that prevents me from coming to work works, I can also use a very simple tool to prevent many other people from coming to work. and the joke is that it actually applies to all other objects too, I can also generalize very well about all other objects about how I can deal with them, i.e. that I can have an effect on them or that they can have an effect About the others. or about me and what we produce in philosophy, so to speak, and make it available to other people, so to speak, our main export product is conceptual distinctions and now you have known one of them, I just explained to you the difference between

realit

y and

realit

y, everything that exists can, in principle, if we buy this distinction, can have two aspects, namely, the aspect of the real for the ancient speakers of the Rees front the thing is in some way neutral, being composed of something, be something, but it can also have the appearance of reality, so effects have effects, and the interesting thing is that if you make this distinction so that you can do many other interesting things, there are objects that are real but not real and there are objects that are real but not real, that's something for another conference, so if you're interested in that, go to the philosophy institute and bring people and cake.

They will do everything for you, for example, something like legal entities. companies, associations, which are curiously real but not real. Maybe you found it a little nice and I hope we meet again, thank you Matthias Markus, applause, thank you very much.