Naming Acids Introduction

Let's talk about

naming

acids

, we will learn how to look at the chemical formula of an acid and write a name for it. This video will be an

introduction

to the topic and then the next video will include many example problems. So you can actually get some practice doing this. If we're going to talk about

naming

acids

, let's start by asking what an acid is in the first place. Well, there are many ways to define acids, but what are we going to do? doing here I will say that an acid is a compound in which one or more h plus ions are bonded or connected to a negative ion.

This is not a perfect definition, but it will work very well for what we are doing here. here I have a list of some common acids and we can divide each of these acids into a part h plus and a part negative ions some of these negative ions are individual elements like f minus or f 2 minus here others of these negative ions are groups of elements that together have a charge these are polyatomic ions like this and this now just like in any ionic formula the positive charge and the negative charge have to balance, that means that the charge of h plus is equal to the charge of whatever the negative ion, so in this case we have an h plus with a charge of one plus balancing an f minus which has a charge of one minus, they balance in this case the negative ion has a charge of two minus, so I have to have two more h to balance the two negative charges on this now why am I talking so much about ions?

If what we want to do is name acids, it's for this really simple reason and that is that when we name an acid, the name of an acid is based on the name of the negative ion that is part of that acid, so when I look at the formula of an acid and I want to name it, I have to separate it like I did here in the h plus the part and the negative ion part. I have to find out what this negative ion is, then I find out what the name of the negative ion is and then based on the name of that negative ion that I have discovered, I can then write down the name of the acid, so let's talk about how to do this with some examples.

There are actually two types of acids, those that have oxygen like these and those that don't have oxygen. There are different rules for how we name them, so start by doing some examples with acids that don't have oxygen. Our first example is hcl. There's definitely no oxygen here, so the first thing I want to do is break this down into the two ions that make it up. Well, one of these is obviously h. Also because it is an acid and the second ion is cl minus, right, I knew it was going to be cl and it has to be one less because the charge on h is one more and they have to balance each other, so the negative ion we are going with to work here is cl minus the first thing I want to do is figure out what the name of this is so here I have this list cl minus we call it chloride so to name it acid here we're going to use these rules if the negative ion in the acid it ends in ide, you remove the ide and then put this name between hydro and ick, so this is chloride, we remove the ide and put chlorine between hydro and ick, so we call this hcl, we call it hydrochloric acid, let's make another hbr, come on to take this and we will divide it into the two ions that is made of one of them is h plus because it is an acid and the other one is going to be br and it will be br 1 minus, this is 1 minus because it has to cancel the charge one more than we get from the one h plus, so the negative ion that we are going to work with here is br minus we take a look at this table br minus we call it bromide, so to name this acid that contains bromide we are going to follow these rules, we remove the ide , we take the brom stem and stick it between hydro and ick, this is how we are going to get hydrobromic acid, hydrobromic acid, this is how we name these acids without oxygen where the negative ion ends in ide.

Now let's take a look at how we name the oxygen-containing acids in acids with oxygen, the negative ions. They are polyatomic ions like these that have oxygen combined with other elements and that group of elements together has a charge these polyatomic ions end in ate e ite 8 e ite and these endings are what we will see when we name acids that contain these polyatomic ions now it is very It is important to be able to recognize polyatomic ions so that you know what to call them when you encounter them. I'm going to use this table in the video, but I recommend that you memorize a bunch of the polyatomic ions.

Hopefully, your teacher can suggest a list for you to learn from so you can solve problems like these as we go. Here's just a little review of what we did previously, so here's our first oxygen acid we made. We're going to name hno3, we're going to break this down into the ions that make it up, one of those ions is going to be an h plus here and the other element is going to be no3, no3 1 minus, that's everything else. and the negative charge here, the 1 minus balances the one plus in the hydrogen. Now this number 3 is the negative ion we're working with, so what is it called?

It's a polyatomic ion, so I'm going to look at my list of polyatomic ions. This polyatomic ion is called nitrate, which means I'm going to use this rule to name the acid. If the negative ion ends in ate, we remove the ate and add an ic, so I'll skip the nitrate here. al nitric acid 8 al ic let's do another example here we have h2 co3 let's split this into ions and prepare it now there are two hydrogens here so let's do 2 h more that's one part and then the other part is everything else so It's going to be co3 and the charge on this is going to be 2 minus, it has to be 2 minus to balance the 2 plus charge that we get from the 2 hydrogens, okay, this is our negative ion, so we want to name it as a polyatomic ion and co32 minus is carbonate.

I have it here, so I don't have to write it in carbonate, so now using these rules, the ion name ends in ate, so I'm going to remove that ate, I'm going to replace it with ic, so I'm going to call it carbon and then carbonic acid ic, that's what we call acids that contain ions that end in ate from which we remove the ate. the name of the negative ion and then we put ich and add carbonate acid goes to carbonic acid nitrate goes to nitric acid now the other type of polyatomic ion ends in ite let's see how we name the acids that contain these here we have hno2 let's go to divide this into h plus and then the polyatomic ion which is everything else no2 with a charge of 1 minus no2 1 minus what it's called is nitrite and the rules that we use to name them are that if it ends in ite you take away the ite and then you put in acid, so We go from nitrite to nitrous acid, so nitrous acid is what we call the acid that contains nitrite as a negative ion.

Here is one more example of how we make this name with ite. We have this acid here. we divide it into h plus and then everything else that will be cro2 with a load of one less to balance the load of one more. The name of this negative ion here cro2 1 minus is chromite, which means the name of the acid in it, it will be chromium, I remove the material from it, replace it with ous and then add acid so that it has chromite, we call it chromium acid , so these are the rules for naming acids based on the name of the negative ion it is. in that acid, how are you going to remember them?

Here's a great mnemonic that I really like. Okay, my vehicle has a hydraulic system. That's not actually how you spell hydraulic, but you know whatever, so that's what this type of acid is called. and then I ate something disgusting because acids that contain ions with ate at the end are named with ic, okay and finally the sprite ite is delicious, so remember these three sentences, you will never have a problem naming acids. I love this. Great, particularly this with a rye that has hydraulics, could be a gxl lemonade. Don't know. I want to talk about some important exceptions when naming acids.

We learn these rules, but there are some acids that don't quite follow them, and in fact, they happen to be very common acids, so it's these four acids here that contain the negative ions phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, and sulfite. Well, if we take this acid and try to name it using the rules that we've learned, we'll turn the ate into phosphate into ick and that's why we call it phosphoric acid, which is actually not exactly what it is. The name of this acid is actually phosphoric acid. You have to add this or before the ic. I have no idea why that is, but I just want to leave you.

I know this because if you were very logical about it and followed the rules that we've learned, you would actually be wrong, so I just want to make sure that you know how to name this acid and, similarly, this thing over here, which is phosphite, you could think. which should be phosphorus acid but we do the same we add this or something like that it is phosphorus acid well now for the sulfate down here it is not sulfuric acid but we also add something here it is sulfuric acid we add the ur and for this which is we call it sulfite sulfurous acid, so for phosphate phosphite we add or for sulfate sulfite we add ur.

These are the only acids that have names that are a little different than the rules would suggest, just learn these, they still end in correct ending, it's just a small part we have to add between the end and the end of the element name. Now sometimes people get it a little wrong when they name acids that contain polyatomic ions that start with hypo or per because these are a little different and don't immediately start with the name of the element, but naming acids that contain these ions is the same. than any other. All we want to do is look at the end of these ions, for example, this acid here. that has permanganate it ends in ate so that's the only thing you have to worry about we change the ate to an ic and we call this permanganic acid this acid here contains hypochlorite but just pay attention to this ite we change it to an ous and name this hypochlorous acid, so if you come across a hypo or polyatomic ion, don't worry, just focus on the letters at the end, that's how we name acids, we take a look at the negative ion they have in them. we look at the end of that negative ion and then use these rules to figure out what we should call the acid, definitely learn this mnemonic so you don't have to worry about naming it, it will just make sense because you will have memorized this stuff and finally watched my next video, which contains Lots of example problems so you can get a lot of practice with this.