How Golf Balls, Clubs, Carts, & Tees Are Made | How It's Made | Science Channel

Different types of

golf

balls

offer different results. Highly skilled

golf

ers often use what is called a wound ball, a ball

made

of rubber yarn wound tightly over a core because its flight is more controllable, but most people use what is called a two-piece ball. , a ball whose core is covered in a dimpled material, today's golf ball has really come a long way when you consider that the first ones were

made

of feathers, this is what's inside now a bouncy rubber, they mix it with other chemicals to make a hot dough and then they roll it like a pie crust by cooling it between two huge steel drums, then they push the rolled sheets of rubber into a machine called an extruder, there is a ram inside that forces the rubber through a die, This creates shapes that resemble large marshmallows called slugs, a conveyor belt.

Sends them to a compression molding machine here a worker places the pieces into a steel mold. The pieces often vary in color depending on the type of ball that is produced when the door closes, the bottom of the mold presses towards the top applying about a ton of pressure, this is a molding and baking system because within this mold, the newly rounded rubber is cooked at 332°F, baked for 13 minutes and hardened; Then, after cooling it with water, a worker places a piece of slotted plexiglass over the mold. It holds down the excess cutouts so that only the ball shapes are picked up by the vacuum.

He removes the excess rubber to recycle it later. The marshmallow-shaped slugs have now transformed Med into a solid golf ball core. A robot transports these cores to another mold. The ram pushes the melted plastic through tubes and into a mold cavity. This forms the outer layer of the golf ball, complete with dimples that will help the ball travel farther. This is an inside look at a ball with its new coating. This injection molding system makes four dozen. golf

balls

every minute new balls are in motion they roll into a container that funnels them into a golf ball elevator they are on their way to be cleaned look closely and you will see small pieces of plastic left over from the ball casings the following process It will eliminate that this is an automatic mill that removes excess plastic.

This is a golf ball before it was milled and here it is after the flex has been removed from the plastic. The following robotic arms transport the golf balls to a Shute entrance. a quality control point if the ball is not smooth and uniform it will not pass through this hole now a wheel rolls the golf balls towards a stamping machine robotic arms carry silicone pads to an engraved steel plate the pads absorb ink from the engraved plate and transfer it to the balls, the pads mark each ball with a player number, company name and model type, then rays of ultraviolet light, harden the ink, throw the balls into a container, but They funnel some balls to another stamping machine, this one is customized. logo now that's a seal of approval next an automated machine sprays the balls with polyurethane as they spin on the upper shafts the polyurethane protects the ink charge logos that have been stamped on the balls robotic arms carry the wet golf balls to a rack drying where they are cooked at 150° F for 5 minutes and then they are ready and that is the technique behind the golf ball.

It's up to you to explain your golf technique. High-tech metal

clubs

rule today's golf courses, but don't rule wood

clubs

out of the game just yet. Wooden golf clubs are all about tradition. Golfers have played with them for centuries and some players still prefer the look and feel of these finely crafted clubs. Go with the fiber and your golf game could be on the rise. Each head of the club begins with a Pimón trunk. The wood, which is a type of ebony, is cut into quarters and the lower quality center section is discarded. Each quarter is cut into a workable shape and size and then blocked in this duplicating machine.

A more sculpted piece of wood called a master model is placed on top. A wheel traces the contours of the Master model and guides a blade underneath to carve the raw piece of wood into a duplicate of the Master model. The first Master model is changed for a more refined version and again the bottom sheet copies the shape. The duplicate piece is cut and then lightly sanded with a rotary cutter. A generous groove is carved into the face of the club head. Strong glue is spread on the slide and then covered with an insert made of rigid plastic.

This reinforcement will protect the club head from the force of the golf ball, the overlap is trimmed and the head is sanded until the plastic insert blends perfectly with the wood, then a router is used to carve a clock shape. sand on the bottom of the golf club head. The slot will hold the sole plate, which will add weight and protect the bottom of the club. The clubhead cannot be more than 3g of the target weight after taking into account the weight of the sole plate that still needs to be installed. This club head gets a lead ball drilled into it to make it a little heavier.

An additional hole is drilled in case more lead needs to be added later. The lead ball is then press-fitted to the clubhead. Adhesive is applied to the groove and then the stainless steel base plate is installed again. It is sanded. Soften. To remove any bumps or grooves, a drill drills a hole in the neck of the golf club head and a glue-coated metal sleeve is slid into that hole, then the neck is sharpened with sanding belt. A jeweler's saw is used to mark the face of the golf club. head, these lines are essential because they help spin the ball, the head of the club is dipped in a water-based dye that soaks into the wood but does not penetrate the metal sole plate, then things get dirty when Rub a pasty substance all over the golf club.

The head covers the open pores of the Pimón wood, it is a crucial step that will ensure a mirror finish. Later, the head is numbered to identify it as a fairway club and then the sole plate is rubbed well with steel wool to remove it. any fingerprints are sprayed five coats of polyurethane then the glue covered end of the shaft is pushed into the sleeve in the club head the weight of the club is tuned with the addition of some lead sprayed into the extra hole drilled earlier to In order for a player to hit the balls accurately, each club in the set must feel like it has the same weight, so there is one more entry before this wooden golf club is up to par, it's finally time to hit the balls. links with a stick that lives up to tradition.

Scotland is the birthplace of both golf and the motorized golf cart invented in 1946 by a dentist named John Do Keegan. Since the late 1950s, golf

carts

have been widely used on courses around the world and are built low to remain stable on even the most uneven terrain. The battery-powered golf cart has everything to get you around in comfort and style. It may help your swing, but it can get you to the next hole in a jiffy. To make a golf cart, the first step is to build the frame from lightweight aluminum I-beams. They go through two separate machines to be folded and shaped.

Metallic shapes. They press the vinyl and stretch it to shape the front and back seats. Workers staple cut vinyl onto a plywood base covered with a layer of foam padding. They cut out the vinyl. excess vinyl and set the finished seats aside now it's time to assemble the powertrain here the workers put a shaft in the differential that turns the wheels, cover it with a staff ring, then bolt on the electric motor of 48 volts from the car to the transaxle, the assembled transmission differential and drive axle assemble the car frame into one attachment starting with the driver's side, then the passenger side and then the center IE beam that holds the two sides together, place the assembled frame into the drivetrain and bolt on the front suspension mechanism of the car as if it were the car.

Moves on to the next assembly station, a plastic underside descends to cover the front of the frame workers. Now they put on the accelerator and brake pedal then lower down the power compartment that holds the car battery at the back of the vehicle and connect the battery to the engine with four separate wires then connect them to the electrical control module that controls the engine now They can cover the rear working parts with the plastic bottom part The bottom part provides the support on which to install the working parts of the car such as this pedal mechanism or the steering column All power tools that apply torque are computer monitored yes The amount of torque applied at any of the 130 assembly stations is incorrect.

The system prevents the car from advancing to the next station until it is done correctly. This eliminates any problems that may arise with bolts that are too tight or loose. Workers now tighten the bolts. battery cables and then check the throttle. Golf cars cannot reach speeds greater than 15M hour according to industry regulations, then they put them in the front and rear seats that fit snugly into the molded plastic rear bodywork and bolt on the front fascia that covers the underbody. , they put the brake rod in place, make sure it moves the brake pedal correctly and tighten it, the display at the top indicates when they have applied just the right amount of torque, finally, they hammer in the hubcaps. and placed on the front Beauty Panel also made of molded plastic the car is now fully assembled and ready to roll the finished golf cars all float automatically from the assembly line thanks to a hydraulic lift receive a final inspection from all angles, even under the seat Finally, workers take them to an outdoor lot without worry, their aluminum chassis ensures that they can withstand even the harshest weather conditions, they will soon be carrying keen golfers across courses around the world golfers They use different types of clubs for different types of shots Woods for long distances tea shots Putters to gently roll the ball into the cup and irons for everything else.

That's why in golf, choosing the right club for your shot is a key part of the game's strategy. The heads of these golf clubs are made of aerospace grade stainless steel. To produce them, the factory starts with a wax replica of the Club's head to make this wax pattern, as it is called, they inject hot wax into a mold, remove the pattern and cut off most of the excess wax using hot wax as Adhesively, a robot attaches various patterns to other pieces of wax in the form of gates and runners, the term for

channel

s that guide molten metal into the casting mold, then the robot dips these patterns into liquid ceramic material four times with a shower of silica sand between each layer. ceramic and sand Hardens forming a shell around the wax patterns, then the factory melts the wax the shell is now a mold with which to cast the metal club heads on the casting floor a furnace Heats steel bars to 3000°F well beyond the melting point meanwhile another kiln heats the molds to 1800°F, this burns off any remaining wax, it also fires the ceramic, making it strong enough to resist molten metal, the pouring technique It is essential, the metal must flow at a constant rate to avoid the formation of air bubbles later. 5 hours: A jackhammer breaks, mold workers cut the doors and runners separating the heads from the sticks, then polish the last remains of the doors and runners.

A rotating platform passes the club heads through a sandblaster that gives the metal a particular finish. then they glue a metal badge with the model name of the club, they apply a DOT automotive paint, the color identifies the angle of the club, there are 12 different angles, now they coat the neck of the club head with epoxy and then cover the end From the axis. with epoxy and slide it into the neck, a jackhammer pushes the shaft in as far as it will go. The shaft is made of extruded steel or carbon fiber. Now it's time to work on the axle first.

They cut it to the correct length depending. In the model they then place the shaft on a shaft and wrap the top 10 inches with double-sided tape to hold the rubber grip of the club. They lubricate the tape and the inside of the handle before sliding the handle onto the rod. A laser line helps them. align the grip in the correct position, this is essential because the grip is the golfer's guide to correct the positionof the hand, which is essential for a good swing. A computer then reads the LIE, the term for the angle of the clubhead with respect to the ground, then reads the LW.

From the term for the clubhead face angle, the computer tells the technician what adjustments to make once the adjustments have been made, the computer reanalyzes the new loft and finds out to make sure they are perfect, finally the golf club is going to weigh the scale. shows that this stick needs another 18G to meet spec, so they put an 18G G weight on it made of thermoplastic and metal, it actually weighs a little less than 18G because they take into account the weight of the epoxy glue. It is this type of precision that ensures these golf clubs meet quality specifications.

Before golf

tees

became popular, players would place their ball in a small mound of sand. The first Peg T's were invented more than a century ago, but they didn't become popular until the 1920s. When a company aggressively marketed them using professional golfers to promote them, that wooden peg you drive into the ground to hold the ball is almost as As important as your golf club, you use a tee on the first shot of each hole to give additional distance to your drive shot. at the sawmill the white birch logs are scaled at the small end just one 8 diameter log yields about 3000 golf

tees

the logs go to what is called a step feeder this conveyor transports them to a debarking machine then a cutter Cuts log into shorter lengths Bump Roller A roller with steel teeth secures each log to a sharpened chain that holds the log in place as it heads to the saws Four saws work their magic carving the 4 and 1/4" boards 2 t into shorter Dow boards, each measuring 18 inches and then a series of chains place the Dow boards and a single row into what is called a shaper on the feed roller.

The two rotating mold heads transform the rectangular board into round Dows. An exit roller drops each Dow onto a belt to obtain various qualities. Control checks An inspector examines the Dows, removing defective pieces and setting aside Dows that need more cutting. A single inspector sorts about 19,000 DS per hour to shelves that containing 8,900 DS each shelf after shelf now travels to a lathe a blade carves the Dow into a preliminary shape, this tool called a trumpet moves over the Dow sculpting the final shape of the tea. A blade simultaneously cuts the tea from the Dow and forms the cup.

The metamorphosis is almost complete from wooden boards to Dows and teas. Then the tea falls off. and a sanding drum, this cascading action causes the teas to sand each other's surface until smooth. The slots in this machine separate the good teas from the bad and filter out waist-length mail. The knocks in the machine divide the teas so that only one falls at a time the tea fits only if it is the perfect shape the rejects and wood shavings roll off the top and fall elsewhere the good teas land in a large container called tote golf te These come in different lengths, but the average is 2 and 1/2 inches long and weighs 02 G, so one bag typically contains about 100,000 te.

A bag dumper then dumps two tea bags into a paint drum. Small steel fins inside the drum send the tees cascading in a uniform direction with each turn. They collect paint, it takes 2 hours and 10 gallons of water based paint to completely cover the teas, then another 2 hours to dry the paint, a trap door releases the teas onto a vibrating conveyor and into a bag, if these teas will have prints There is even one more step, they receive an additional layer of enamel paint to create a smooth surface for the ink, glossy or matte, smooth or printed.

Golf tea has surely come a long way since the days of playing on a mound of sand to