Craziest Scientific Discoveries You Missed in 2023

The sum of human knowledge advances at an exponential rate and new

discoveries

are continually being published. Estimates put the total number of academic articles at around 2 million per year, publishing around 30,000 different journals, each with their own hypotheses, research and findings. The year

2023

is no exception with great advances in nuclear fusion, increased efficiency in recycling lithium-ion batteries, enormous steps and artificial intelligence and much more. In March of this year, scientists even mapped the entire brain of a fly. fruit washes your brain is now only the size With a grain of salt, but this is still pretty impressive, with countless clickbait videos and news articles, it might be difficult to sift through these thousands of findings and that's why today we'll go over some of the most interesting ones you can have.

Alzheimer's disease is the fifth leading cause of death among people over 65, with more than 130,000 Americans dying in 2020 alone and currently seven million people living with the disease, but of course, Celtic demographic differences are reported. similar in much of the world. The earliest symptom of Alzheimer's usually affects memory, specifically the ability to recall newly learned information. This might be difficult to notice at first because some cognitive decline is expected with an aging mind, but without stopwatches, mental decline occurs quickly. exceeds the norm as the disease progresses it could lead to disorientation confusion about time and space personality changes severe memory loss and even physiological problems such as difficulty speaking or walking the scary thing is that once this process begins there is no way to stop it Alzheimer's is fatal and there is currently no known cure part of the reason we have struggled so far to find a cure is because we are not even sure exactly what causes Alzheimer's in the first place after an Alzheimer's patient passed away .

Autopsies of his brain reveal two abnormal structures, plaques. and Tangles plaques are hard deposits consisting of fragments of amyloid beta protein that accumulate over time damaging the regions of the brain where they similarly reside. Tangles are twisted fibers of another protein called Tau, but this is as far as our knowledge has taken us. I'm not sure exactly why these plaques and tangles form, how exactly they damage neuronal structures, and why some cells are much more susceptible to damage than others. Over the past two decades, hundreds of different clinical trials using various treatments have attempted to slow or stop this. process, but even the smallest successes seem to elude researchers every time, but

2023

was a big year for this field.

On January 6, the US Food and Drug Administration granted approval for Lech hammerbab, a drug specifically designed to target amyloid plaques. pharmaceutical companies I signed with Biogen. I have been working for almost two years on clinical trials for the treatment and the 2023 approval means it is one step closer to being widely available to all those who are fighting the disease again. This is not a cure just before Continue with today's video. I want to quickly give a shout out to our amazing sponsor today, and that's Foreo Fourier, partner with me to give you a fantastic gift idea for his significant other or maybe just a gift for yourself.

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I will not regret it and now back to today's video, but the results of clinical trials showed a slow rate of cognitive decline from 27 to a truly significant amount, earning it the status of the first fully approved drug to combat Alzheimer's disease , but that's not the end. story In July 2023, pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly announced the results of its own anti-Alzheimer's weapon Don amab dynamabab It works in a similar way by targeting amyloid plaques, but appears to be even more effective in a group cognitive decline was slowed by almost 50 percent With patients being tested on their self-care for resolution of memory problems and more, these two drugs known as monoclonal antibodies were so effective in some cases that they reduced amyloid plaques to negligible levels, meaning that some patients still saw cognitive benefits six months to a year later.

They stopped taking the medications, of course, such a powerful treatment does not come without side effects, headaches, nausea and other minor symptoms were common, but they were also more serious, such as swelling of the brain and even brain bleeding again. It is far from a cure, but it is a huge step in the right direction. One of the most promising aspects of these new drugs is the possibility of them being used in the early stages of intervention when someone is developing amyloid plaques but has not yet shown symptoms, if these drugs are worth all the hype, it is quite possible that in the coming years the world with its first survivor of Alzheimer's disease foreign pods will be among the most intelligent creatures on Earth cephalopods include the cuttlefish squid and the star of today's episode the octopus the octopuses or the octopia as you prefer continue to surprise researchers with The remarkable levels of intelligence and dexterity with which they are able to solve complex mazes unscrew the lids to obtain food and can even use tools such as the manta octopus, who are known to have ripped a stinging tentacle off a Portuguese warship and branded it as a weapon, as they themselves are immune to its effects, part of the reason they are so coordinated is the fact that they actually have nine brains, a small one in each arm and a central one that controls the entire body, perhaps the

craziest

example of octopus intelligence. is the hilariously common occurrence of the slippery creature who escapes his own implosion in an aquarium, sneaks into another enclosure and eats some Vision, and then returns to his own house before the employees arrive, a story that, according to Reportedly, it has happened in several aquariums, but sometimes it doesn't. even return to their enclosure, like Inky and the octopuses living at the National Aquarium of New Zealand, which escaped their habitat in 2016, went down a 164-foot drainage pipe and returned directly to the ocean, but a new 2023 study suggests that their intelligence levels may be even closer to ours than we previously thought and that, strangely enough, they may even experience nightmares.

This study was published by researchers who interacted with Costello, a Brazilian reef octopus that had lived a pretty tough life before ending up in research at some point off the coast of Florida, it had been attacked by another sea creature, causing which caused him to lose most of two of his arms and suffer serious damage to a third. The Vibe of him, the encounter with The Predator, but it seems that the trauma of that day never went away. After being accidentally captured by a fisherman and sold to scientists, Costello settled into his new enclosure in New York and was smart enough to understand that he was in no danger, which was made clear by the fact that he rested at the end of the day. fresh air. and didn't feel the need to hide when the researchers arrived, but when a research neuroscientist, Eric Ramos, returned to the enclosure one morning, he found that the water in the tank was dark and cloudy, as if the octopus had seen a predator and shot its ink cartridges to hide and escape, obviously no predator managed to get into the tank, so the bewildered researchers set up a camera to monitor the octopus 24/7 and what they found was truly remarkable.

While sleeping, Castello rested peacefully for a period of time before suddenly becoming agitated. changing color and shooting ink out of it, all behaviors you would expect an octopus to exhibit when faced with a hungry predator. Ramos said he was really strange because it looked like he was suffering, it looked like he might have been suffering for a moment and then he just stood up. As if nothing had happened and resumed their day as normal a while later, the team reviewed hundreds of hours of recorded footage and discovered that this had not been an isolated event. Three more times they saw Costello go crazy before calming down again and returning to sleep, researchers made the surprising proposition that Costello could be experiencing nightmares, perhaps trauma-induced memories of his near-death experience in the wild, which claimed two of his limbs.

It has already been established that these creatures have sleep cycles, but the ability to dream and have nightmares is a huge cognitive leap. If this is true, it has enormous implications for biology and evolution. It could potentially mean that nightmares are for some reason evolutionarily advantageous and therefore evolved independently in multiple species. On the other hand, it may imply that nightmares are a natural phenomenon. byproduct of higher intelligence and we can expect to see similar results in other intelligent animals such as dolphins, elephants, apes and perhaps others. Unfortunately, Costello died from a parasite just a couple of months after these observations were made, so we're not allowed to learn more about his potential dreams. performed and some have suggested that their behaviors were the result of a deteriorating brain in the final stages before death, it is very difficult to verify any of this as doing a proper brain scan on an octopus is no easy task, so future studies are definitely needed, but it's certainly intriguing, thanks, maybe it's bad news for vegans, but it has great potential for agriculture.

New research in March 2023 shows that plants may be screaming in agony or when they go too long without water, okay, they might not be screaming along the way. That's what we think, but biologists at Tel Aviv University have discovered that plants emit distinctive ultrasonic clicks when under stress; is well above the frequency that human ears can pick up, but if we could hear it, it would supposedly sound like bubble wrap popping at about the same volume level as a typical conversation, the stress inducing of these sounds may come from from the lack of water but also from physical damage.

A researcher noticed that you cut the tomato and it screamed. Previous work in this field has found that plants emitted ultrasonic vibrations when under stress, but it was not known whether this vibration was powerful enough to be transmitted through the air as sound. To see if this was a possibility, the team placed plants of tomato and tobacco on tables in his laboratory with ultrasonic microphones nearby in case the plants made any noise while the well-hydrated and healthy plant made little or no sound the thirsty plants were quite noisy and the tomatoes emitted an average of 35 ultrasonic clicks per hour and the tobacco let out a little less when its stems were cut, they also clicked many times per hour, although noticeably less than thirsty plants, what is even stranger is that each species of plant has its own voice only.

A machine learning algorithm quickly learned to differentiate betweenclicks of tomato and tobacco. He was even able to detect the plant clicking when they were placed in a noisy greenhouse surrounded by people talking and walking. Shortly after discovering this mysterious phenomenon, vines of corn, wheat and even a type of cactus were found to make similar clicks. Now it is important to note that we cannot be sure that plants are making these sounds intentionally. a distress signal, one researcher suggested it may simply be the formation and bursting of bubbles in the plant's water-carrying tissue caused by changes in pressure due to plant stress, regardless of whether the findings have the potential to many future research that scientists are eager to discover.

If insects such as moths and flies can hear the sound or even some species of beetles can use the vibrations of the clicking to know that the tasty insect is munching on a nearby plant, the findings could also have big implications in agriculture. Let's imagine that in the future farms could automate the irrigation of their crops based on feedback from the plants, minimizing water waste by spraying only the amount needed. It is certainly fascinating and we can expect more than a few surprises as research into plant noises continues abroad, so our last entry today is less of a discovery and more of a proposal but if true it has the potential to revolutionize everything we think we know about the universe the age of the universe is a topic that has attracted the attention of scientists for many years after all it is crucial to understand what the universe was like in the past in order to accurately predict precision its future in 1917 Einstein proposed a static universe suggesting that everything we see is largely immutable and is uniform in all directions according to this model, the universe essentially had no beginning but is eternal in both directions of time Einstein abandoned this idea following Edward Hubble's discovery of redshift galaxies and subsequent models of an expanding universe.

The model that has been maintained to this day is an expanding Universe implies that all matter originated from a single point that gave rise to the Big Bang Theory and more recent analyzes have shown that the universe not only expanded According to the theory of dark energy G as the source of this acceleration, based on the observed rates of acceleration, redshift and distance, the age of the observable universe was calculated to be about 13.7 billion years old and the most recent advances in technology have reduced it to 13,797, but a new study from the University of Ottawa challenges all that.

Physics professor Rajendra Gupta published a paper in July 2023 suggesting that the universe It may be almost double what we currently believe and with his estimate of a shocking gap of 26.7 billion years he came to this conclusion. Combining the known model of an expanding Universe with a theory known as Wiki's tired light, Fritz Wiki proposed almost 100 years ago that light loses slight amounts of energy as it travels great distances in space, increasing its length. wave and causing it to appear redshifted. Tired light was conceived as a complete alternative to the expanding universe, but rather than simply choosing one theory or another, both ideas incorporated say that it is possible to interpret the redshift of galaxies as a hybrid phenomenon rather than being purely due to to expansion. is not the only cause of the redshift, it would mean that galaxies would need much longer to reach their current distances and wavelengths, leading to Gupta's estimate of 26.7 billion years, according to his paper, delaying The age of the universe solves several problems in modern astrophysics one of which is the discovery of celestial objects that do not seem to fit the current timeline.

The star Methuselah, for example, is one of the oldest known stars; A 2013 NASA study found its age to be 14.46 billion years with a possible margin of error of 800 million years, this seems to indicate that the possible age of the star is older than that of the universe itself. Similarly, the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope has revealed massive galaxies at incredible distances and some appear to have formed just 300 million years after the Big Bang. is that some of these galaxies appear to be as well evolved as galaxies that formed billions of years later, including the sizes of black holes, apparently entering colleagues with the current series of galactic formation.

Gupta's extension of the age of the universe solves this problem completely now, obviously this is just a single model and doesn't have much support yet, however it reminds us that science, especially astronomy, is not a fact . Humanity still has a lot to learn about the universe we live in and we cannot be afraid to do so. change or even discard some old ideas as our knowledge inevitably advances abroad.