¿Que contiene un plano de permisos de construcción?

Hello everyone, my name is Abraham Cota Paredes, I wanted to make this video because today we had finals at ESARQ where I teach ESARQ classes in Guadalajara. If you are looking for a good university, I totally recommend it. It is a small school, but that makes it interesting. They have very good teachers not so many students, which creates a dynamic that is very interesting... and well, during these finals of Architectural Composition I the element to be developed or delivered was a design for a House with an example plot here in Zapopan, Guadalajara... and I wanted to emphasize what I asked my students to hand in, which was a set of license and permit plans that I had been thinking for some time that could be very good to make a video about. specifically indicating what a permit plan contains because I remember when I was studying, how everyone was talking about the permit plan and licenses but I didn't really understand what a permit plan was, it sounded like it was something very complex even difficult...

Well, It was abstract to me at the time, so I think it's very interesting to try to delve into it here in this video. What is a leave plan? It is the set of plans that you will deliver to the City Council of your City or the City Council. and those plans have to be authorized by the state or the city, depending and that way you can get a license, so you can start building, that should happen everywhere in the world, so it is also important to mention that each City Council or City Hall even each country will have different requirements here we are talking specifically about the requirements for Guadalajara, Mexico.

And then specifically in the municipality of Zapopan it changes a little, not much, each municipality, with its requirements, but well, what should be in a permit plan? It must include a foundation plan, as we can see here, which tells us a little about how the construction system is proposed and it is also very important that it contains the hydraulic installations that will be in your project. In the foundation plan there are drawings of the castles, the walls, the columns. It is also important to mention that for us here in the office the permit plan does not specifically have the original foundation floor plan done by the structural calculator, it is just something close to that.

The foundation plan may change when you ask an engineer for a structural calculation, but it is very close to what it should be and one of the most important things a foundation plan should include is drainage for the sewer system. and rainwater that we have. to set up the rainwater pipes and the sewage pipes so that all the pipes have to reach the plane of the foundation so that you can organize how to put them together through the pipes in each... well, That depends on whether it is wastewater. It is a different diameter if it is for rainwater it is also different because of the solids it contains so the foundation floor plan helps us identify where the pipes are located and see how we can connect them in this case for this project it was not allowed to do an absorption well that is why we are concentrating the water from the gardens and sending it directly to the city sewer line in the foundation floor plan it is important to establish where we send the wastewater and rainwater in this case we use a Keep in mind that you should always get in the habit of setting a lot of notes in your permit plans because the people who will review your project will not understand it immediately if they do not know it, so be sure to clarify in advance any doubts they may have and If not, They will tell you to do it anyway after you have verified it, so these plans and drawings must be very specific.

It's always good to use notes, for example, about where the drain is supposed to go or to the street pipe. For example, it is also very important here in Guadalajara they ask us to fill it with signs or labels that identify the boundaries of the property, so in each corner we put these notes that indicate where the plot ends. Another important issue is depending on its demarcation provided by your clients when you have This often gives us some measurements of the land, but when we are actually measuring them with the deed where it is officially specified who owns the land and they put the measurements and the adjacent land and all these things... as a recommendation always check that the Measurements of your demarcation are the same as those of the deed because if they do not match they will not give you permission, so the more careful you are with these details, the less times you will have to adjust your project for approval, it is always important to work with a construction license.

I know that in Latin America the issue of coincidence and informality is very common for people to build without a license, so it is our job as Architects to convey to our clients the importance of having a license permit, well, then the foundation plan as well. It is very important to indicate in scale what the drawing is or contains. For permit plans, grids must always be used on both sides, and it must also have the dimensions. All spaces must obviously be sized, because depending on the city council they have defined dimensions for certain things. , for example the voids or the dimensions of the patios everything has a dimension and can only be approved like this so that You also have to fill it with dimensions, so if you see, we will mark the floor plans with their labels, each name, foundation, first floor , each floor of your building, regardless of typology, must be included on your permit plan in this house.

It had some important floor plans which we added specially for better understanding of the project and also a very important floor plan is the roof or roof plan, it could also be called the master plan seen from above and that floor plan helps us to understand the highest part of our building and mainly to identify how the slopes are established and where we are sending our rainwater to the foundation, we have to mark the pipes on this roof plan, and from there we must also mark them on any another floor plan. of the project, because it runs through the entire house, they are repeated on each floor until reaching the first floor, the foundation floor being the other one that I told you about, the notes or text in the drawings we must always include notes, also about materials or objects that indicate special foundations of our project, we are often asked how we ventilate the bathrooms if we do not have windows anywhere, we really like to ventilate the bathrooms in a vertical direction because generally the windows to the bathrooms are small, not very aesthetic, the proportions are not very good That's why we like to clean our facades by sending ventilation to the roof, but what does that mean? implies a note on the bathroom plans that says lantern-type window projection, if you look carefully at each plan it will say the same thing, each bathroom plan will contain these notes, everything that has ventilation in the City Hall will ask you to explain how you ventilate your spaces so that the bathrooms, bedrooms and each room are ventilated in some way and if they are not ventilated naturally you have to add a note that says ventilated by mechanical extractor that way the supervisor who reviews your project can say ok, they are considering mechanical extraction for ventilation , but they always specify that kind of thing, get used to filling them with notes, what else? the restriction lines if you pay attention, here there is a hidden projection line that tells us to what extent construction is allowed or not on the land you are designing, depending on your location you will have different restrictions.

The restrictions are these areas where construction is not allowed on the plots, what are they for? Imagine that you had this surface of your land and you wanted to build everywhere, it would not allow ventilation and let's imagine that if we built everywhere and the neighbors did the same there would be no places to ventilate the buildings or light them naturally so that this is why those responsible The urban planning department of the City Council or the Government delimit restriction zones in all the plots in these areas it is not possible to build, so here they tell us that we must identify with text the limits, called restrictions or easement lines and these must be in all our floor plans. all these important signs on the permit plans it is also important to put text or notes on the room label because the supervisor has to know what the space is intended for and depending on the use of the space, ventilation or proper dimensions will change here In Guadalajara they ask us for a window surface depending on the m2 of the room, if these do not meet the minimum dimension to ventilate the surface of the room, it will not be approved, then all those things must be considered that way. mark with text hallways, bedrooms, stairs, openings, permit plan must have the greatest amount of information necessary after each floor plan, it must also contain elevations of our building if it has two facades it must include all the elevations of our project these must have grids and dimensions as well and these must also have levels they help us understand the heights of the interiors and exteriors the thickness of the slabs the total height of your building because there are many private condominiums or even municipalities that restrict the heights of the designs and with that dimension the supervisor will quickly tell you that you are complying with the height limit allowed in your project for "x" condominium or will also tell you if you are not, which is why it is useful to use it.

All this information must be included. Many times we are also asked to mark a line that indicates the natural profile of the plot. When the plot has an irregular topography, then this must be done with other symbols, different thickness or thickness of the line and also with text at your discretion. easy to identify and that is not only in terms of Architecture because it must always be very clear how our plot is going in order to adapt to it as you can see in this project the plot is leveled approximately 2 meters so this house plays at going down like the same plot that is very interesting and at the same time is something mandatory after the elevations comes the sections all the information, the greatest number of sections possible some places ask for a minimum number of them here we have a minimum of one longitudinal section and one cross section , minimum, these also indicate the heights, we understand how the project adapts, so they are necessary.

We like to include more sections because they give a better understanding, for example, of what happens inside the pool, so this section is important to explain this project to us in the same sections, it is also important to include room labels. There are some designers who also include full human scales, all that information, well, it's useful and it will depend on you and the character of your representation. that you use as you like, but always include the minimum necessary information and last but not least in the content of the permit plan we must include some construction details so we normally add a foundation detail, which indicates what type of foundation What we will use in this case, it is just cement, the rejection beam is poured with cement and then the block wall, right?

So a detail as simple as this but the supervisor can easily identify the type of foundation system we want to use for this project and maybe some others, for example, what we talked about about the rejection beam or a detail of the castle. Assembly, the construction details depend a lot on the requirements of each City Council. In this case, we added another detail of an absorption well, although it will not be used and it is also very important. The data table is this tab that will contain all the project information. What should it contain? ? To start with a general location location map that explains where the lot is located, in what part of the city our lot is, we make a macro location map and also a micro location map after it makes it clear in which region of the municipality it is, to the supervisor to understand that in this case this is the location of a private condominium so you must add a macro location and a micro location of each specific case where you can also add the measurements of the plot so that it can also be clear and easy for the supervisor after that it is also very important to put a north, indicate where the north is oriented on our plots and drawings, also some notes, for example, the dimensions are in meters, etc., this will help the supervisor to read the plans a lot more easily. dimensions in meters, scale notes for the contractor or supervisor who also protects us if we are not in the construction project so that he can verify all the information in the formal field the project data table, this is also basic in this part it will tell us how many m2 we have on each floor And in total and how the COS and CUS are functioning, what is this?

I'll explain it to you quicklycos(CPO) means Plot Occupancy Coefficient which translates as the surface area. We can see it on the first floor. The CPO tells us the construction surface that will be on the plot. Generally, the CPO ranges from 50%, which means that you cannot build on more than 50% of your land in this project. I think we had 60% which is often stated as 0.60, so how did we get to this? How do we know what percentage we are using, for example? In this case, on the first floor there is 130 m2 so... we also have to write the total surface area of ​​the land below.

The surface area of ​​this land is 256 m2. So what we do now is divide the 130 m2 that the constructed area of ​​the project has. on the total surface area of ​​the plot and that will give us the percentage of our CPO. We are building a little more than half of the land, that is, the CPO we have to verify that the CPO is below what is allowed depending on the specific restriction of its location and use. of the land are specific rules that each lot has. your own that indicates the CPO and CUS how many levels it allows you to build the type of construction you can use is not the same everywhere sometimes you can't do what you want some lands only allow housing, others building others are only for purchases buildings or both merged, maybe others just industrial warehouses, so you always have to verify, before starting to build, the use of the plot so that you can make sure that you can build what you want or what your client asks of you like that... the CUS tells us about the total amount of construction that can be built on this specific lot of yours which will generally be double in housing developments and much more if we are talking about a multi-story apartment building for example, so in this case how do you do we calculate this? take all the m2 of the entire construction here it would be first floor 130m2 second floor 152 meters and it gives us a total m2 of 282m2 we will divide those 282m2 between the 256m2 of total surface of the land and it will give us this number 1.09% this speaks of the cus we verify a again the restrictions and we will be approved by that is the project data table and perhaps some revisions or notes the name of the owners (clients) the typology of the project, housing the information of the Architecture Studio the address of the land as it is written in the deed, the Director Responsible for Construction, there must always be an expert, someone who has a professional license that is verified by the College of Architects of the area, the municipality and the City Council so that they can approve the project so that it is built properly with the requirements of the law in this case I am the project advisor of our office then a table a content that says what is in this permit plan foundation plan, first floor plan, second floor plan Roof plan, elevations, sections, scale, the date, the person who drew in this case Alexis Coronel and Anna Larsen and a code for the sheet according to the numbering of the plans.

This is a very typical permit plan of what is worked here. in Guadalajara I hope it helps you because when I was a student at the University of Guadalajara and they were talking about permit plans I thought of it as something impossible to do or at least something very complex and you will realize that it is just a plan with a little information necessary to that the people who review these city building plans have the necessary information to know if the project is viable or not on that land. Well, please leave us some comments, tell us if you found it useful, subscribe! thank you so much!

I love reading your comments we try to do everything you ask of us we love reading your comments we are working on it, believe me and we will be making more videos that I hope you can use We will be in Ecuador in Quito, implementing a Workshop on June 22 and 23 it will be very intense, very interesting so you are here and we will be at the PUCE National Architecture Congress giving the talk on Screen Wall and Introspective Architecture I hope to see you there. I'm Abraham Cota Paredes, until next time!