How Do You Really Experience Time?

How long has a legend existed among the most advanced civilizations in the universe, quietly whispered and passed down from generation to generation? The story of the stellar whale, a formidable creature that can open its cosmic mouth and swallow entire solar systems in a single gulp and with a single movement. of its powerful chance can devastate an entire civilization, the oldest libraries in the cosmos contain the oldest books, all with drawings of this Leviathan reconstructed from rumors and its leathery skin is said to be encrusted with barnacles of stellar material, its enormous balina plates dotted with billions of years of interplanetary plankton, at least that's billions of years for us because the whale star travels as close to the speed of light as it is possible for an object with mass to reach it ,

time

passes very differently. making our sense of now nonsense to the stellar whale the 13.8 billion year history of the universe unfolds in a single quintilian of a second the entirety of human history happens in much less

time

, not even perceptible to your senses each war, every invention, every love lost and all the laughing children disappeared in the blink of an eye and, as we will see as we follow the story of this great creature, the notion of now is not only very mysterious but also tremendously subjective and not You have to be a giant intergalactic whale to have an altered perception of it, a car races down a road toward a flock of pigeons, seemingly oblivious to the danger ahead, it seems for all the world as if the birds are becoming one. with the asphalt only for them to disperse at the last moment, why?

They leave it for so long the truth is that they didn't understand our sense of now when theirs is different pigeons

experience

the world at more than 100 frames per second instead of the 25 to 30 that movies do, it helps them keep track of fast-moving insects, so in the case of the oncoming car, they simply have more time to react than it naively seems to you or me, they

experience

the world in slow motion and therefore can now last more or less depending on how what you are doing has evolved and like the star whale in the most extreme cases, how fast you travel, in fact it is even possible for two people to see a series of Nows unfold in a completely different order.

Human intuition is not a yardstick for measuring the way the universe

really

works. we travel with the star whale to the distant universe Giga anoms passing in the blink of an eye we are left with a big question: what is it now and does it exist outside our heads on Christmas Day 2021, millions of people around the world celebrated their breath when the James Web Space Telescope finally lifted off 6 months later images began to be published in incredible detail and unprecedented quality. This video has been sponsored by metal displate posters and are a unique and impressive way to enjoy iconic images like the updated ones. pillars of creation on your wall are magnetic and take less than 20 seconds to assemble.

In fact, the mounting system includes a wall protective sheet that leaves no traces when removed. They have posters for whatever your passion is. Films. Games. Comics. Nature. Music. Anything from real world science. From iconic science fiction, from their fantastic NASA collection with the Voyager spaceship to Star Trek Voyager, new brands and collections arrive every week and will be with you in four to five days in both Europe and the US. Yes, They're already a great value, but you can get an even better deal by using my link at www.d displate.com hotu or my discount code H to access my special discount 22% off for up to two plates then 33% off for three or more thanks to displate for supporting educational content on YouTube what does space taste like?

Stars swirl through the void at dizzying speeds as the very fabric of time and space is pulled and stretched. We are in the shadow of Sagittarius AAR, the monstrous black hole at the heart of our Milky Way galaxy. Just 390 light years from this dark heart, an astronomical footprint lies in a vast cloud of gas and dust known as Sagittarius B2. It has been the subject of much research with astronomers probing its Ancient Light for clues as to what lies within its many ingredients. They discovered that there is a molecule known as ethyl formate. It may sound unfamiliar, but it's the same molecule that gives raspberries their distinctive flavor, so it begs the question: what does space taste like?

Does the star whale find some heavenly snacks more delicious than others so what? about what space smells like, well, ethyl formate is also responsible for the smell of rum, then there's the Kickstarter campaign that raised over half a million dollars to make space smell, a perfume based on astronaut stories about the distinctive smell of space. universe, think burnt meat, burnt cakes, spent gunpowder. and metal welding, but whatever the star whales' culinary preference is, it's still limited by a nervous system like you and me, and the way your senses help you interpret the world around you has important consequences.

The brown notion of now you sit and watch as a carefully orchestrated ballet unfolds before you. A waiter dressed as a penguin pulls out a chair for a newly arrived guest while the semier vibrates with excitement as he talks about the best Bordeaux from the extensive wine list. The white tablecloths are freshly ironed. The cutlery is suitably heavy and the glassware reassuringly expensive. shortly after, your first dish arrives, a delicate bite lovingly prepared by a team of chefs with an imagination that rivals the great painters, you take a bite and your brain is flooded with endorphins, it is your first taste of michelan star food and In an instant you see what it's all about.

There's so much fuss, except it's actually not an instant at all. When the food hits your tongue, your taste buds register different flavors, like salty, sweet and sour, bitter and umami, those signals travel along. along your cranial nerves to the brain stem, which then passes them. in a part of your brain called the thalamus, then shuffled to a small region right in the middle of your brain known as the gustatory cortex, about the size of a grain of rice, this is where taste signals are carefully decoded like a spy analyzing a secret cipher, but this race through your nervous system takes time.

The 2012 study led by Katherine Ola found that your brain typically registers flavor 100 milliseconds after food hits your tongue—you're tasting a portion of the past, not the present. It becomes even more complicated if your brain doesn't interpret all tastes equally. Studies have shown that you often register sweet a little before salty, so you're actually devouring a layered tapestry of distinct and separate culinary flavors. Now, this temporary hodg podge frenzy is true for everyone. five of your senses, when you picked up cutlery and admired its weight, those tactile signals had to travel from your fingertips to your brain for the first time in 2022, Caltech scientists used a camera that could capture 70 trillion frames per second to record electrical pulses traveling at different speeds. velocities through different nerve cells, the device was based on a technique similar to that used by astronomers to measure gravitational waves from colliding black holes.

They found that tactile signals travel at about 75 m/s to the brain, which is faster than the world's fastest roller coaster, but slower than the diving speed of a peragine falcon, the world's fastest animal. , your brain needs time to process the received signal. All of this means that when you first feel the knife, it has already been in your hand for over 100 milliseconds, once again you are feeling the past with your other senses there is an additional layer of delay as the information has to travel. to reach your body. Before you ate the canopy, you could smell how delicious it was going to be.

Small molecules came off the surface of the food and floated in the air. to your nose, where they found almost 400 olfactory receptors, those receptors converted the chemical signal into a neural impulse that was then transmitted to your brain, but it turns out that how fast odors travel is a complicated question, it depends on many factors, including the temperature. of the food and the room, what the food actually is and what the air currents are like in the room, although they are normally in the region of a few hundred m/s, so again we are looking at hundreds of milliseconds between the smell that comes out of the food. and it registers in your brain, you are never sniffing, now you only smell how the food used to smell when your next plate arrives, the sky outside darkens and through the window you can see lightning falling towards the ground, a roar of a few seconds Then, the thunder rumbles, disturbing the delicate serenity of the dining room.

Light takes only three microseconds to travel 1 kilometer, but sound takes 3 full seconds to reach C over the same distance. This means you can easily calculate how far away you are. are of the storm by simply counting the number of seconds between the lightning and the thunder, each second of delay represents a distance of 330 M, but whether you see the lightning, hear the thunder or both, you are not perceiving the development of a storm . now you are seeing and hearing a storm that has already happened the further away you are, the further back in the past you feel like your eyes and ears are time machines and this is the case with everything you see imagine looking in a mirror To see yourself staring back at you, the light has to hit your face and bounce off the mirror only then to be reflected back into your eyes.

The light that entered your eyes bounced off your face 2 NS ago, so you're not seeing yourself in it. mirror as you are now, but as you were 2 NS ago, it's actually a little longer than that because your brain needs extra time to convert the light falling on your retina at the back of your eye into an image, of course, A few slices of A Second isn't going to change the way you see yourself, but imagine seeing a much younger you staring back at you when the distance light has to travel becomes literally astronomical, the effect becomes considerably more pronounced.

Take the moon the closer this natural object is to the Earth. It takes about 384,000 seconds to cover that distance, so we say that the Moon is 1.3 light seconds away. When you look at the beautiful full moon on a clear night, you don't see it as it is now, but as the situation was. It gets even stranger if the Moon is only half full. Look closely and you can still make out the other half of the Moon, but it will be much less illuminated. The light from the bright half is sunlight that is reflected directly from the lunar surface. however the dimmer light is Earthshine, this is the light from the sun that reflects off the Earth and then hits the Moon only to be reflected back at us in the sense that we would be looking at ourselves in a giant lunar mirror, if we could somehow transform that light into a In this image we would see our planet as it was more than 2 and a half seconds ago, so each half of a half-illuminated Moon represents sunlight from a point slightly different.

Now sunlight itself is even older, taking just over 8 minutes to arrive. The Earth from the surface of the Sun, in fact, if the Sun were to suddenly disappear, we wouldn't even know it for 8 minutes, while a similar danger is incredibly unlikely to happen to anyone traveling from Earth to Mars. The average distance between the two planets is 225 million kilometers. i.e. 12 1/2 light minutes when a spacecraft carrying a Mars Rover reaches the top of the Martian atmosphere, then takes 7 minutes to reach the surface, so when emissions control on Earth receives If the Rover is safely on the surface or scattered among smoldering ruins, future astronauts traveling to the Red Planet will face a similar situation if an emergency occurs halfway to Mars.

Understandable that they need help now, except that their Now is not the same as what the Mission controls. It would take more than 6 minutes for your distress call to reach Earth and another 6 minutes for the response to arrive from Mission control. The fact that it is impossible for the two teams to sink their Now could well prove costly to travel further into the solar system and the delay extends to hours Voyager One, the most distant man-made object is rapidly approaching being within a daylight of the Earth when you reach the stars that twinkle in the night sky the delay has jumped from days to years and you are not seeing the stars as they are now but as they were years, decades and even centuries ago, if you can find astar that is the same number of light years as your age in years, then the light entering your eyes has been traveling through the universe all along. of your life you are seeing the star as it was in the year you were born.

The farthest star you can see with the naked eye is located in the prominent W-shaped copy constellation known as v762 cassia P. It is located more than 16,000 Li away. Therefore, years from now, we will see it as it was at the time when humans first domesticated dogs and change the situation around any civilization on a planet orbiting around v762. Casio PE would also see our sun and the solar system as it was 16,000 years ago with a large enough telescope they would see the ghosts of people who have been dead for much longer than humans have been able to write the light that will bring them news of the coming revolutions Wars, miraculous inventions and even YouTube videos keep coming towards them at 300,000 km/s a cascading succession of Nows spinning through space at the speed of light v762 Casio PE may be the farthest star you can see without binoculars or telescope, but it's not the most distant object in an adjacent constellation you'll find Blurred cotton as a blur This is Andromeda, the closest major galaxy to our Milky Way, close, but not close, as it is about 2 million away and a half light years away.

In their version now, any alien in Andromeda would only be able to see Earth. as happened 2 and a half million years ago when one of our ancestors, Australopithecus, began making stone tools and the most extreme example of this is the static you see when you turn on an old analog television. The 1% of the black and white flicker your TV receives comes from the first light transmitted into the universe almost 13.8 billion years ago, so our senses clearly can never give us information instantly, it always takes time and our sense subjective now is affected by this delay, but what about the universe beyond our bodies?

The concept of now exists even in the universe at large, the star whale cruises the night sky high above planet Earth, not that cosmic satiation has any effect. The concept of what a planet is according to Einstein's theory of special relativity, which travels at a speed exceptionally close to the speed of light, means that the billion years of history of a planet are condensed into a tiny fraction of second. Special relativity assigns any object moving through the universe a budget. that is equal to the speed of light, you can spend this budget on a combination of two things, speed and time, the more you spend on speed, the less you can spend on time, the star whale travels so fast that the time it passes barely counts. register, etc.

Earth's entire history goes unnoticed, its now stretches across Giga anms and therefore there is clearly no Universal now that we all share, but what does this mean for our everyday lives, although it is much more closely associated with Albert Einstein? The original theory of relativity is actually much older, dating back to the 17th century and Galileo's work to understand Galilean relativity imagines a sailor standing on the deck of a ship, placing a golf ball on a tee. , they swing their stick and drive the ball falls in front of the ship where it falls into the abyss.

Now imagine you are on the shore watching all of this unfold, for one thing you would disagree with the sailor regarding the speed of the golf ball from your point of view, the ball. It was already moving at the same speed as the boat before it was hit, Sa's Club's swing only increased the ball's speed further. The sailor sees things differently, however, they were already moving at the same speed as the unhit ball, so we. We'll only see him walk away from them as quickly as they hit him in scenarios like these. Each person's opinion is valid and neither of them is wrong.

Everything is relative, which is why it is crucially called relativity, although according to Galileo F, the sailor timed how long the ball lasted. took to hit the water you would get the same answer the time the ball is in flight is equal to the distance it traveled divided by the speed at which it was traveling the lower speed the sailor measures is offset by the fact that they also measure a speed shorter distance because the ship has moved forward while the ball is in Flight in relativity each person's point of view is known as the frame of reference to convert from one person's frame of reference to another you need to perform a transformation it is just a complicated way of saying you need The Galilean transformations worked well for more than two centuries, but in the mid-19th century cracks began to appear.

In 1865, Scottish physicist James Clark Maxwell published the four equations that now bear his name. name Maxwell's equations describe light as an electromagnetic wave that always travels at a fixed speed called C from the Latin word solaridad which means fast or swift, but if the speed of light is truly constant, that is incompatible with the concept of Galilean transformations that take into account the different velocities measured by observers in different frames of reference, so physicists looked for a way to free themselves from this existential quagmire and in doing so, came across a rather strange notion: the so-called luminiferous ether.

Aether was proposed as the medium through which light waves travel, after all sound waves would not travel without air to propagate, perhaps light also needed a container to help vary it, if true. The ether would become a single, absolute frame of reference in which Maxwell's equations and the fixed speed of light are maintained. In all other frames of reference, the apparent speed of light would be as variable as the speed of our golf ball, and, subject to the appropriate Galilean transformations, the only problem was testing this idea, the honor of which ultimately fell to a pair of alliterative American physicists, Albert Mikkelson and Edward.

Moley, his 1887 aonomus experiment involved taking advantage of our planet's orbit around the Sun to prove the existence of Aether. The duo installed an intricate device known as a mikkelson interferometer. It is effectively an elaborate race track. A single beam of light is sent from the starting line and then split into two beams by a silver half mirror, one beam continues in a straight line and the other is fired at a right angle. Both beams travel the same distance towards the mirrors which reflect the beam back towards the finish line as the distance each beam travels is identical if one beam wins the race then it must have completed the journey at a higher speed and that is exactly what would be expected to happen if the ether exists.

Michelson and Moley carefully set up the experiment so that the beam was straight. Aligned with the terrible motion of the Earth around the Sun, light traveling in that direction would be driven by the speed of the Earth, just as the speed of the golf ball was driven by the speed of the ship. Light traveling in the other direction would do so. would receive no such boost and would be slower as a result, the race through Mikkelson Moy's experiment would have a clear winner, except the pair saw nothing of the sort. Both beams finished the race together.

Two different reference systems. A variable light speed IM. the speed of light was absolute, it took a while for the enormity of mikkelson and mle's result to sink in and one dutch physicist thought particularly deeply about it. Hendrik Loren would win a Nobel Prize with the Nobel Foundation and later commented that it could well be said that all theoretical physicists regarded Lorrence as the leading Spirit of the world who completed what his predecessors left unfinished and eventually Loren's name would become synonymous of Transformations that would usurp Galileans To understand the nature of Loren's Transformations first imagine a train moving at a constant speed along a track from left to right.

Fortunately, this train has completely transparent walls so we can easily look inside. In the middle of the car there was someone bouncing a ball up and down from his perspective. That's exactly what happens with the ball. It travels in a vertical line from hand to floor to hand again, but our view is somewhat different while the ball is in flight, we see the train moving further along the track, the result is that we see the person catch the ball to the right of where he dropped it. In other words, we see the ball trace a triangle instead of a straight line, there is nothing particularly strange about this after all, it's just Galilean relativity, we saw that the ball traveled a greater distance because we also saw the ball moving faster due to factoring the speed of the train, but what happens if the person is replaced by mirrors and the ball with a ray of light?

Exactly the same situation would develop, at least at first a person on the train would see the light bouncing up and down between the mirrors and we would see the light. We draw the same triangle as the ball, except this time we know from Moy's experiment that the speed of light is fixed for all observers, so we can no longer say that the person on the train measures a shorter distance because they measure light traveling at a slower speed and this leaves only one alternative that initially It seems so absurd that it cannot be true if the person on the train measures a shorter distance it must be because from their point of view the light has been traveling for a shorter amount of time.

Spend less time on the moving train than off it. Len's work was incorporated by Albert Einstein into the special theory of relativity. He tells us that two observers moving at different speeds disagree about how long something lasts. because they are spending different amounts of their budget over time, they move through space at 99.999999% the speed of light and what seems like a second to you will last almost two hours, for someone on Earth we could watch a game of complete football at that time. It takes your heart to beat once our sense of now and yours are suddenly wildly different.

The difference between the two is calculated using the Lorent factor which compares your speed to the speed of light. However, its value does not increase in a straight line, but rather exponentially. instead, you have to travel close to the speed of light for the difference to be noticeable. It travels at only 10% of the speed of light and the Len factor is only 1.5. 100 seconds for you would last 100.5 seconds for someone who is stationary with respect to you at At 99% of the speed of light the Loren Factor rises to just over 7 and from there every. n makes a big difference when traveling at 99.9% of the speed of light and the theen factor is just over 23 with just one more. n to travel at 99.99.9% of the speed of light and its SES at over 70 for the star whale traveling even closer to the speed of light, the lorence factor is a little over 7 even trillion , that is, seven followed by 42 zeros, the Loren factor is an important part of the Lorent Transformations that allow us to change our perspective to that of the stellar whale and gain insight into its unique existence, but despite all the peculiarities of the star whale, there is a creature that inhabits this universe with an even stranger personality existence the photon the photon is a particle of light and for it time simply does not exist the Loren factor equation breaks down and the answer becomes the What a mathematician would call an indefinite result from the perspective of a photon, goes from A to B in an instant and the idea that one now fades into another does not make sense and if this were not strange enough for those of us who We move slowly enough to experience the notion of now, it is even possible for our Nows to get out of sync for two observers.

Lest we agree on which came first, let's get back to our moving train. The wagon is halfway between two trees that are struck by lightning. From our perspective, lightning strikes the trees simultaneously, but does the person on the train agree with what you guessed? If they don't, they're moving toward a tree, so watch for that flash first. The flash of the tree they are fleeing from takes longer to reach them; however, according to the appropriate Lorent Transformations, the degree of synchronization of two observers now depends on both of them. speeds and the space between the events you would have to travel at half the speed of light and the separation would have to be greater than the gap between the Earth and the Moon for two events to stray just one second, but there is always preserve an important caveat about all this causality: if event B causes event B to happen, then it will appear that way in all frames of reference.

Two observers may disagree about the time interval between events, but not inthe order in which they happened. The notion is a central principle of the Lorent Transformations and special relativity according to the equation: Seeing the effect occur before the cause would only be possible if you could travel faster than the speed of light and that is impossible, so is it possible? Where does all this leave our sense of now? It seems like the subjective now is all we have inside our heads and in the wider universe everything is relative, there is no objective now, but does that mean there is no way to definitively tell time in the wider universe?

No, fortunately, there is an invisible Arrow that points the way gigantic spiral arms uncoil as the stars scatter like doves in the darkness. Planets are thrown into a single space as solar systems cool and ancient civilizations become fearful. The star whale has just laid waste to another major section of cosmic reality. The destruction it leaves in its wake moves steadily across cosmic distances, tearing apart galaxies in glacial slow motion before our eyes, it is a truly strange thing to witness this gigantic breakdown of order, but despite its strangeness, it has happened in order, one event follows another chaos.

It is the stellar whale effect that is the cause and then why do our Nows always develop in that order why are they not simply a confusing dispersion of different moments what is the chain from which they hang our journey towards the answer begins in California in 1874 the The courtroom falls silent as the jury foreman stands. How is the defendant found not guilty? comes the response accompanied by a gasp that spreads across the room like falling dominoes Edward Mybridge has had his way born in England in 1830 mybridge emigrated to the United States at the age of 20 and then, in 1872, to At 42, he married 21-year-old Flora Stone, and the couple had a son 2 years later, or one day mybridge discovers a series of letters between Flora and an important Harry Lins. even a photo of her son with the caption "little harry" mybridge is outraged and shoots lins in the heart when he is arrested.

He first pleads insanity, but then changes his defense to justifiable homicide. The jury will later acquit him on exactly those grounds. Today mybridge would surely have gone to jail. but that had little effect on our understanding of the true nature of the now, for mybridge was a keen photographer and was about to pioneer an important new technique, chronophotography, the photography of time, which involved capturing a series of still photographs showing successive phases in the movement of an object, in other words, recording the apparent passage of time as one moves to the next. The most famous of my girlfriend's works is the moving horse.

By quickly flipping through the still images, one at a time, you can see the Horse and rider at full gallop was revolutionary by revealing for the first time that at one point all four of the horse's hooves are off the ground. Chronophotography was the precursor to modern film, but what seems like the movement is actually just the result of comparing a still frame with the last one? When you see the images, the horse is not

really

moving, time doesn't flow either, it's the change that we see between frames and now which gives us the illusion that time passes or flows like a river from the past to the present we are caught in an imaginary current except that there is nothing in the laws of motion expounded by Isaac Newton that describe the preferred direction of time that we experience, imagine that Instead of a galloping horse, we see a succession of chronophotographs in the air from left to right.

Here is the same set of still images, but played backwards. Nothing seems particularly out of place. I could probably convince you that the first movie was the one that was backwards and I deliberately misled you, there is no way for you to know the truth, however there are some movies that you would know instantly if they were playing you, play them backwards, maybe one that show a broken egg miraculously reforming or an initially cold cup of coffee. the coffee suddenly starts steaming, this is such a fundamental part of our existence that, given the individual frames, a small child could probably put them in the correct order, showing an intact egg breaking for these events, time does not seem to be reversible, it is as if there were an The arrow that points us in a particular direction and tells us the order to place the Nows was the English astronomer Sir Arthur Edington who first referred to the arrow of times in his 1928 book, The nature of the physical world, if by following the arrow we find more and more. more random elements in the state of the world, then the arrow points toward the future, Edington wrote.

If the random element decreases, the arrow points to the past, that's the only distinction known to physics, but what exactly does randomness have to do with time? and the apparent order in which events unfold follow the river sen from the old parisian streets and you will eventually reach the industrial suburb of i s sen, enter the local cemetery and towards its northern end you will find a tombstone bearing the name of one Leonard Sardi Caro further down the stone AR the F word of thermodynamics founder of thermodynamics Sardinia's story is tragic he died in 1832 at the tender age of just 36 he had recently been committed to the local asylum and ended up as a result, succumbing to a burst of color, his work understandably received very little attention at the time, only since then have we realized what an imposing figure he was and the consequences of his work for our understanding of the ephemeral nature of what is today Caro's art .

The name is synonymous with the Caro cycle, which describes an idealized heat engine, except that it is impossible to operate a Carno engine in real life to this day. Engineers measure the Caro efficiency of their engines, how close they can get to this unrealizable perfection. A man who thought in great detail about the consequences of Carno's work was Rudolph Clous. In 1850 he published the basic ideas that now constitute the famous second law of Thermodynamics and in 1865 he introduced the world to the concept of entropy. The entropy of the universe tends to a Max said that one way to think of entropy is as a measure of the amount of energy that is not available to do something useful.

Clausius showed that the energy loss to the surrounding environment during an engine cycle is greater than the energy transferred to the engine by the heat source, so in general the energy that is not available to do something useful increases, in other In other words, entropy increases, perhaps a more intuitive way to think of entropy is as a measure of disorder, the randomness discussed by Edington, let's imagine six coins, all initially showing heads in this way. It is a highly ordered low entropy system, then you throw all the coins, there is nothing to stop them all coming up heads again, but the chances are very low, in fact you can try it 64 times and it will probably only happen once, in the Other times coins are likely to become more random, a mix of heads and tails, disorder or entropy has increased and when it comes to the world around us, the odds are even greater in favor of an increase in entropy.

Imagine an empty box the size of a sugar cube floating inside. In front of your face it is not really empty because it is full of air molecules, many air molecules, there are more molecules in a cubic centimeter of air than stars in tens of millions of galaxies like our own Milky Way like the Gas molecules are They move and push each other at random. There are countless ways they can become more disordered, but only a limited number of ways they can become more orderly. The chances of those neater results occurring are so low that you would have to wait longer. than the current age of the universe to see them, so we never do, we always see order turning into disorder and that is what Edington's Arrow of Time produces.

It is this that allows us to reliably put into order the endless jumble of Nows, except when we look. In the universe around us there are many islands of order amid the growing ocean of disorder scorchingly bright stars in swirling galaxies arranged in clusters like colored lights along a cosmic electric wire then there you are you are a highly ordered collection of around of a trillion trillion trillion atoms for you to exist about 13.8 billion years after the birth of the universe in a big bang, the entropy of the universe must have been incredibly low to begin with, otherwise the trend of the universe towards ever-increasing disorder would have reigned in the parade of biology much earlier.

Astronomers estimate that the entropy of the early Universe was a billion times less than today. How could such a situation have occurred? A man thinks he knows the answer. His name is Julian Barber. Barber is a time of anachronism. There was a time when the greatest discoveries in science were made by gentleman scientists, those with the wealth, means and time to devote themselves to the pursuit of knowledge as a hobby. Nowadays, in general, you have to go down the beaten path of the Academy and work at a university. Bara is one of the few independents. scientists and he has been obsessed with time for a long time his answer to why he only seems to move forward is that he does so only in this part of the universe.

He suggests that there is another part of the universe where the arrow of time points. the other direction through the Mirror world where yesterday happens after today the two parts of the universe are separated by what Barar calls the Janus point after the two-faced god who could look both ways does not mark the beginning of the universe but its midpoint To begin with, time is symmetrical throughout the Universe without a mysterious low-entropy state, but Barber's idea is simply a suggestion and one of many that we still don't really know what caused the incredibly low entropy with which the universe began.

Universal times are stable. March remains a mystery. We haven't fully unpacked it, but that is not the end of the Mysteries that shadow our experience of the present. Having considered how we feel time, the complexities of special relativity, and finally large-scale entropic time, the gradual unraveling of entire universes in the galaxy, we now can. We return to the strange world inside our heads, the brain, our time processing center, and it turns out that that is where the situation is most complex. The star whale lies stranded on some distant cosmic shore. There have been no stars in the universe for eons. and disappeared long ago, all the atoms in the universe have split.

How the stellar whale got so far remains a mystery, no one has ever known what it is made of, now even the most supermassive black holes are evaporating exuding the last of their Hawking radiation into the cosmos nothing remains even though each one of its Nows lasts billions of years, more Nows are seen than any creature in history starving the star, the eyes of the whales close for the last time and as the last Consciousness in the universe dies out. Does time Does it continue or does time die with the mind? Many of us are prisoners of the clock, enslaved to the relentless passage of seconds.

Time often seems to slip through our fingers as if we were trying to hold onto a puddle of water. It's slippery and evasive. Transient, however, how often do you spend time actually thinking about time? Have you ever wondered how your brain constructs a sense of time from the deluge of information it perceives about the world around you? The uncomfortable truth is that your brain is lying to you. On this watch at first the seconds seemed to pass at regular intervals now Take your eyes off the screen and quickly look at the watch again Did the first movement of the second hand last a little longer than the following as if the watch stopped momentarily your eyes are constantly flitting from one object to another, it could be a small adjustment while reading a book line by line or a large one if you suddenly look across the room, these movements are known as curiously, even though your eyes are moving, your vision never becomes blurry, but rather your brain erases the images when your eyes are moving and refills that space with the first thing your eyes land on after the sard, and so on in the case of the clock which is the first tick, this effect is known as the stopped clock.

I use trying to look at yourself in a mirror and shift your focus from one eye to the other. Can you see your own eyes move the fraction of time that your brain erases during a sarda? Tiny typically lasts less than 100 milliseconds, and yet your eyes perform so many sards over the course of a day that you lose a total of 40 minutes of Nows, or nearly 20,000 hours of Nows removed over an 80-year lifespan. 2 years of fake filler Now replace them and it gets worse. Take a look tothis moving square. Did the flash occur behind the moving square, directly below, or ahead of what you answered wrong?

The flash occurred directly below the moving square. It's known as the flash illusion and it's the key to understanding another piece of the puzzle surrounding how your brain constructs a sense of now. It takes time for your brain to process the visual information it receives about an object in front of you. processed first, followed by motion and then finally shape, except by the time your brain has processed all of that, the object has already moved to a new location, so your brain can't tell you for sure where the moving object is now , but instead shows you your best guess about where the object should be, since the flash-like illusion shows that the guess is not always accurate.

That said, your brain does a pretty good job if the object's motion is predictable. A baseball player can still hit a pitch that is moving quickly. into the stands and a goalkeeper at a soccer match can still curl a free kick over the crossbar, and yet the brain does a considerably worse job when the object's motion is more random. Imagine a fly buzzing around the room, darting randomly in this direction, and your brain struggles to keep track and ends up showing you the fly in positions it never actually occupied. Now this forced fiction is one of the reasons why swatting a fly tends to be better for us, like Don Kote, we're tilting the windmills.

We have such a feeling that what we see is real that it is difficult to shake that feeling, and yet our brains are expert storytellers who tell us a story constructed from all the inputs, they are constantly bombarded with our sense of present moment, it is a fantasy. just an interpretation of the world that is presented to us, but how long does it last in the brain now? One way to answer this question is by looking at so-called stable images and one of the most famous examples is known as the Schroer staircase after the 19th century.

German scientist Heinrich Schroer at first glance seems to be an ordinary staircase with steps descending from left to right, until you start looking at the back wall labeled with a B, suddenly you can see that the staircase turns over, except it is very difficult to hold. If you hold this inverted view for a long time, in a few seconds you will return to the conventional ladder, hence the term stable, this seems to suggest that now when the brain lasts 2 or 3 seconds after that, the brain takes a new set of sensory stimuli. provides and constructs the next coherent moment.

Psychologists and neuroscientists refer to this period of time as the subjective present. Scientists have conducted several studies in an attempt to explore this concept. Repetitive behaviors were observed in different cultures around the world, such as cutting, rubbing or cleaning most of the time. The common duration of each repetitive action was between 2 and 3 seconds. The person might well be thinking: I'm cutting it now and I'm cutting it again now. One movement is equivalent to one moment. Scientists also refer to this 2 to 3 second snapshot of our world as our temporal integration window. It is the period of time during which we can successfully gather information coherently.

A duration of 2 to 3 seconds was endorsed in 2014 by An interesting study by Scott Farhall, Angela Alby and David Meler showed participants clips that were 12.8 seconds long. of obscure international films with the sound crucially removed, they also divided each clip into fragments and scrambled the frames within each fragment so that the participants saw the story unfold out of order, so that the participants had no problem following the story if the fragments were out of order. At less than 2 seconds long, that ability began to decline and became noticeably harder at 2.8 seconds; In other words, our brain can construct a coherent version of now in bursts of less than 3 seconds and there is too much information to put together. a single moment for us to reset and start over, our sense of the passage of time is only the result of comparing the current moment with the last with the arrow of time pointing the way and therefore if our sense of now is only a construction of the 3 PB of soft gray matter between our ears, where exactly in the brain it all develops, this remains largely a mystery after all, we do not have a temporal sensory organ, we cannot taste time or feel its texture, so our sense of it doesn't light up on an MRI in the same way our conventional five senses do Our sense of time is also affected by an emotion Time flies when we're having fun and it crawls like a sloth When we are away there is a part of the brain called insul CeX that deals with how we feel and our self-awareness has been linked to our sense of compassion, empathy and disgust with our pain, hunger and even our orgasms, in other words it is the seat of our deepest and most profound emotions to explore the link between the insular cortex and sense of time, psychologist Mark Witman placed participants in an MRI machine and asked them to press a button when a sound they were playing matched the duration of a sound they had previously heard, the insular cortex was reliably activated in those who could accurately time sounds, and therefore, if the insular cortex really is responsible, it would explain why our sense of time is so tied to how we feel that they are both controlled by the same region right at the heart of the brain.

This shows that time and our experience are both incredibly problematic. Notions for dealing with our senses combine the information that reaches our bodies at different times to construct each perceived moment with a significant delay and our brain even erases fragments of time to help us make decisions. sense of the world around us, time itself can move at different rates depending on how fast we travel, a speed that can also lead us to disagree about the order in which certain events unfold and it is not even clear why the Time began at the beginning of the universe with the direction it has from past to future and yet, although the present moment may not be real, just a fiction created within our remarkable brains without our minds convincing us that it is, it does not. we could be here now talking about whether it now exists, you've been watching the entire history of the universe, don't forget to like, subscribe and leave us a comment to tell us what you think, thanks for watching, I'll see you next time.