The 8 Greatest Philosophical Theories You Need to Know

You are a chicken, yes, you look around and sometimes you wonder why your owner takes such good care of you at first, you are not sure, you are skeptical, what if he sends you to the slaughterhouse? You've never been there, but you

know

it very well. Well, none of your friends have left that place. You remain on high alert to

know

when that fateful day will arrive, but days and then weeks, months and even years never pass. Now you are convinced that your owner loves you more than any of these. other chickens and he would never do anything bad to you, every day that passes is additional evidence to say that you will live the next thousand days.

Thus a thousand beautiful days pass until of course the thousand and first day when the illusion of security is broken and you end up on the dinner plate. someone, you should have never crossed the street now imagine how betrayed the chicken must have felt when he was taken to that scary part of the farm, given the evidence of a thousand days of trust the chicken had in its owner. ironically he was at his highest level when he was finally put down maybe if he wasn't so foolish to believe he was special or unique maybe he would have at least been spared the feelings of betrayal that one last day completely changed the chicken's perspective.

In life, evidence weighs more than the previous thousand days and it is not even a contest. This is something known as Black Swan. A single event or observation that comes as a surprise with disproportionate consequences that radically changes our perspective on something people used to think of as swans. It could only be white until they saw a black swan that basically changed the way people thought about what's out there. Nasim Nicholas Taleb wrote a book called The Black Swan The Impact of the Highly Improbable to study this very phenomenon and shed light on how vulnerable we are. are for black swans and how we become more and more vulnerable with each passing day.

In your book, you talk about some fundamentals of epistemology that limit our ability to understand black swans before they happen, but first let's talk about why our modern society is so technologically advanced, it's the perfect place to nest a Black Swan event. Let's say we are going to weigh a few thousand people and at the end of that sample contains the heaviest person in the world, as long as that person is subject to biological factors. limitations like the rest of us it doesn't really matter how much you weigh, say two thousand pounds, how much do you think that represents in the total weight of all the people we weigh?

The answer is probably less than half. The percentage shows that even an outlier like a 2,000-pound person doesn't really overwhelm the average. Taleb calls this ecosystem mediocristin to refer to how the average person's mediocre measures mostly represent all measures quite well. Now let's perform the same experiment, but with wealth, gather some people and include just one of the approximately three thousand billionaires on that list. How much do you think that billionaire represents in the total wealth of all the people in that sample? An overwhelming majority almost always close to 99 percent. Contrary to the first scenario here, the outlier overwhelms everything else.

Taleb calls this world extremist because it rewards a few people extremely well but leaves basically nothing for everyone else. Taleb says the modern world is made up of circumstances that are oriented toward extremists, not mediocrities because money for all intents and purposes is just a number in someone's book the vast majority of money is completely digital it is not subject to the laws of physics or biology to limit it to a minimal variation sure most people don't make that much money but some people can make a lot of money similarly if you want to consider musicians most musicians don't sell so many albums, but some artists sell quite a few, you can perform the same thought experiment with book sales, scientific publications, shoe brands, etc., the point is the modern economy.

It is a system that rewards a very small number of people with a disproportionately large slice of the pie. If it were more like the weight example we just talked about, you wouldn't expect the outliers to be so wild, but the fact that they really are so wild shows how unpredictable the environment we live in really is. The forecasting we take for granted today often fails to take into account the true nature of this unpredictability. These Black Swan events could tip. Say no, these billionaires work day in and day out and therefore can enjoy the fruits of their labor.

In fact, most of them probably worked very hard, some of their innovations could pave the way to a better future for us all. I do not rule out that, however, the system does not reward them proportionally. Most importantly, it is difficult to say how much of his efforts are fruits of his labor and how much is due to pure chance. If you were to run some simulations with extremist and typographical circumstances, you would inevitably have some Jeff Bezos as outliers, we may be predisposed to think that we understand the causes of outliers like Bezos in our society, you know, it's common to think outside the box, start a revolutionary company worked extremely hard for a few years and then smelled the roses happily ever after we've all read the autobiographies we've all seen documentaries though, when was the last time you read about a person who did all those things and failed, when was the last time you saw? shelves of books about people who failed, the opportunities probably never exist, these stories just never make it, there's an epistemic bias in this whole tale, he says, now take a look at the graveyard, it's pretty hard to do because people who fail don't. do.

They don't seem to rate Memoirs and if they did that business, the editors I know wouldn't even consider giving them the courtesy of returning their phone call, this despite the fact that often advice on what not to do is more useful than what to do, but that It's just the economy, which is just one facet of society, we also don't understand the socio-political aspects, take 911 for example, which is certainly a Black Swan event. After it happened, tons of experts came out and said they knew for years that this was the case. it was about to happen well why didn't they say anything in this retrospective?

Distortion of understanding of a problem is one of the characteristics of a Black Swan event. None of them really knew if they had, the cabin doors would have been bulletproof a long time ago, pocket knives would. They would never have been allowed into the booths and the TSA would have been invented long before, after 9/11. Suggest such policies in 1991, for example, they probably wouldn't take you too seriously or would have shown you a spreadsheet suggesting that airlines don't have the money for bulletproof doors, but inevitably they did, fortunately the likelihood of a 911 style event is much less now than before.

Countries around the world are more prepared, more vigilant, however, that also makes these precautions lose a bit of their relevance. Harari in his book Homodeus cites a paradox about knowledge. He says that knowledge that does not change behavior is useless, but knowledge that changes behavior loses its relevance the more data we have and the better we understand history, the faster history alters its course and the faster our knowledge. becomes obsolete despite the measures we have taken for a Black Swan event like 911 that does nothing to improve our odds against the future Black Swan, if anything it could lure us into a false sense of security and, in fact, worsen our chances of coping with the impacts. of the next highly improbable event we tend to convince ourselves that we understand the risks once we have understood a game of craps or blackjack;

However, trying to approach real-life risks with the same methods used in an artificial closed-loop game is simply an oversimplification. mistake we make daily this telep cause is the ludic fallacy we learn simple games and immediately conclude that the stock market works the same way even though one of these things lives in mediocriston and the other lives in extremists if the markets were good understood. Do you think something like GameStop or AMC would ever have been allowed to happen? Sure, the short squeeze isn't a particularly new phenomenon, and yet even a non-black swan event like this left even the smartest hedge fund managers scratching their heads and practically chasing bankruptcy.

This false sense of understanding makes black people much more dangerous. There are other reasons why we are increasingly vulnerable to black swans. Taleb said that in the past people might have been studying different types of literature and diving deep into a locally developed set of ideas. Today, possibly the most read book is Harry Potter. That, of course, doesn't mean that Harry Potter is a bad book or anything, but it just goes to show that we're much less in tune with each other's ideas, for better or worse, for the most part, we all agree. we are. Dealing generally with the same ideas, coupled with the increasing complexity and scope of technology, means that when something fails, it fails for more people than ever before.

The Pakistani government tried to shut down YouTube in Pakistan and ended up shutting down YouTube worldwide to turn it into a website we don't know about. I don't understand this stuff, that's just one way technology fails when it tries to show how interconnected things are and although it's often touted as an advantage, if you're unlucky enough it can really spell doom for us all, Let's take coronal mass ejections as an example. These are regular bursts of radiation from the Sun that scientists on Earth know about and expect the largest coronal mass ejection ever recorded to be the Carrington event in 1859.

Felt primarily by telegraph operators, who had some of their equipment burned due to sudden increase most of the time. On the other hand, the world continued without problems, on the other hand, if a Carrington-class event occurred today with all the cars and electrical equipment we have now, the damage would be in the trillions of dollars and the repair could take decades, if it were possible, and With each passing day, with each small transition towards an electric future, we became more and more vulnerable to such an event. The thing is, this isn't even a Black Swan event in 2012;

The probability of a Carrington event in the next decade was estimated at around 12 percent, and yet, despite that high probability, we are not particularly prepared for such an event given the esoteric nature of its risk, assuming a low probability but a high impact despite all the growing evidence, it will be very difficult to convince governments to take action. modifications to power grids to prevent catastrophic failures, so if that's how little we care about an event we know is going to happen, eventually imagine how unaware we are of a real Black Swan, the farm chicken, if somehow will be saved by some miracle.

He would never trust another human being after the betrayal he suffered, however, few were so lucky. Meanwhile, for the owner the death of the chicken is not a surprise, it is a routine event and therefore there is no black swan. , the idea of ​​a black swan is therefore relative to the knowledge one possesses, therefore our goal is to try to be in the position of the butcher, not the slaughtered. Talib says I worry less about the advertised and sensational risks more about the vicious hidden ones, of course, the idea of ​​a black swan also incorporates good things like wildly improbable positive outcomes of chance, also known as life, the odds of being born are 1 in 400 billion, but to be fair, I just stopped following my own advice, something like that can't be predicted, right?

Not being born is an unimaginably improbable event that no one really predicted, so if you're alive, whatever that means, in the end we're all the black swans we've been trying to avoid all along. It's ironic, isn't it in the year? 1925 Einstein shared with the student his burning desire to understand the universe. I want to know how God created this world, he said while they were walking. I am not interested in this or that phenomenon in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know his thoughts, the rest are just details, this conversation expresses the core of Einstein's guiding principle, one that has driven moisture to investigate, discover experiments and, most importantly, learn about this universe we call home, but what was Einstein really talking about and consumer knowledge reaches a point? where we understand everything from the discovery of the world of quantum mechanics at the beginning of the 20th century, theScientists have been racking their brains trying to understand how it works, even a century later we are still not sure how and why subatomic particles behave the way they do. but that's only half the problem the discovery of quantum theory posed a more serious problem than Einstein Stephen Hawking and other world-renowned physicists have been working tirelessly to solve that challenge can be summed up in one word unification you see that modern physics is divided into two pillars: classical physics, the physics of Newton Einstein and Galileo, which predicts gravity and describes the movement of massive things in our Cosmos, such as stars and planets, and quantum physics, which governs the world of subatomic particles of according to its own set of laws and rules.

Both pillars describe their respective worlds accurately, but fail when applied to each other's subject matter. Einstein's concern was that there must be a way in which these two worlds can be reconciled. There must be a theory that unifies the world of the subatomic or the world of the massive. A theory that can predict. Well, everything that you might be thinking now, So why should we care? A unified theory that can bring both worlds together could potentially unlock many of the secrets of our universe and answer some of the deepest

philosophical

and theological questions we have been asking ourselves for days. of Galileo thatAre we really made up of what happened before the Big Bang?

Are we living in a Multiverse? The unified theory or The Theory of Everything could have the answers to all these questions. The universe and everything in it is held together by four fundamental forces that I created. a complete video on these four forces, so if you really want to understand them all I suggest you watch them, but for the sake of this video, here is the gist of what they do. Large objects such as stars, planets, humans and cats are governed. by the force of gravity and thanks to Einstein and his general theory of relativity, we now know that gravity is not a force that magically attracts objects, but rather it is the curvature and deformation of the structure of our space-time universe while All of these large objects are governed by a single fundamental force, subatomic particles, on the other hand, are governed by three fundamental forces, as if they weren't already confusing enough, these three fundamental forces are electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear.

Electromagnetism keeps atoms together. The strong force holds the nuclei together. the weak force is responsible for some type of nuclear decay these particles together with their respective forces form what we call the standard model the standard model describes the world of the very small we know that everything in the universe is made of subatomic particles of planets and stars For humans and dogs we know that all of these things are made of atoms and atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. In the 1960s we discovered that even protons and neutrons are made of even smaller particles called quarks and electrons from leptons using different combinations of With these particles and the respective forces we can build atoms, molecules, humans, planets and even stars, for example.

What it seems like the Standard Model is a comprehensive interpretation of our universe, but it doesn't include everything, the truth is that finding the smallest subatomic particles is just the first step. To arrive at a Theory of Everything, the second step would be to find a place for gravity in this model. There were two reasons why gravity is not included. The first is that when it comes to small particles, the force of gravity is so weak that it has no effect on a quantum system. The second reason is that we don't really know how to incorporate general relativity, which describes the motion of large objects, into the quantum world that governs subatomic particles.

Many great minds, including Einstein, tried tirelessly. that even on his deathbed Einstein reviewed his notes on the theory of everything and tried one last time to find an elegant solution to explain the fundamental differences between the world of the small and the large, but unfortunately he ran out of time, so that's all. Just when we have not yet found a theory that can explain everything, we have made significant advances and perhaps the most innovative was that of another brilliant mind, Stephen Hawking, in 2014 a film was made about the shocking life of Stephen Hawking, as a result, Hawking converted. one of the most revered physicists in the world and one of the most admired by pop culture away from the limelight.

However, Hawking, like Einstein, had an obsessive desire to understand the universe and never stop challenging our knowledge of it, one of his

greatest

contributions. was the discovery of what is now known as Hawking radiation in 1974 Hawking discovered one of the

greatest

advances of the 20th century an innovative interpretation of black holes as well as an unprecedented interaction between the quantum world and gravity Hawking's discovery was so ingenious that he gave us I hope that The Theory of Everything, the Holy Grail of physics, remains a human possibility. Black holes are densely populated regions of space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape, even as Einstein predicted the presence of black holes through his general theory of relativity in 1916 and we confirmed his predictions in 1974 when we observed our first black hole in the Milky Way that same year, Hawking discovered that black holes are like a vitamin tablet placed in water, they can dissipate over time and release energy.

Today it is known as Hawking radiation, but how can energy escape from a black hole when nothing else can? Hawking used a quantum understanding to explain this. When we think of space, we imagine big, cold, empty places, but in reality space is alive with the act of creation and destruction of energy at the subatomic stage. Particles are created in pairs of matter and antimatter and are constantly created and destroyed in A concept known as Annihilation Hawking imagined a pair of particles created very close to a black hole's event horizon, this is the boundary around a black hole. hole from which nothing can escape, then he showed that these particles do not

need

to annihilate each other, since one of them can be absorbed by the black hole, if the black hole receives negative energy, then it has to release energy for the law to be fulfilled . of energy conservation to support Hawking also demonstrates that black holes lose mass over time and do not last forever, but the most important thing is that he was able to arrive at this discovery by fusing a quantum principle with the concept of gravity, that is, with much, the closest.

We have arrived at a Theory of Everything, a Unified Field Theory, or quantum gravity, but as with most things in science, just because we haven't found an elegant equation doesn't mean we have failed; In fact, perhaps the real treasure was the discoveries we made along the way, many of which have paved the way to a better future for humanity. String theory is one of the most prominent and suggests that subatomic particles such as electrons and quarks are made of small vibrating strings or filaments that twist and fold. Creating everything in our universe like the strings of a violin, they can vibrate in various patterns, creating different types of particles, including the graviton, a hypothetical particle that, according to quantum mechanics, should carry the force of gravity on paper, the String theory could unite gravity and quantum mechanics.

Under one framework, once and for all, the theory was popularized in the 60s and 70s and its mathematics predicts small additional dimensions grouped together that give rise to a network of universes or a multiverse. While this theory is prominent, it is highly impossible to prove even with access to the latest news. However, string theory technology is just the beginning, after nearly two decades of tireless research, we have discovered the Higgs boson. This showed that the electrons and quarks inside the atom get their mass from an invisible field that extends throughout space. The discovery required a group effort.

Of three thousand scientists who devoted endless hours to calls that would surely bring our species one step closer to understanding our universe, we have also discovered that all the atoms and light in the universe only represent less than five percent of the total content of In the cosmos, the remaining 95 are composed of dark matter and dark energy, which are invisible but whose effects dominate the evolution of our universe. Dark matter provides the gravitational pull that holds galaxies together, while dark energy is responsible for the ever-accelerating expansion of our universe for thousands of years. For years we have looked at the skies and wondered what mysteries lie beyond the clouds.

Since 1970, NASA has put more than 90 telescopes into orbit at NASA to bring the universe closer to us and with the James Webb telescope that launched it. On December 25, 2021 we enter a new era of discovery. This telescope is the largest and most powerful ever built and its daunting task is to find the first galaxies that formed in the early universe and appear through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems. We may not have yet found the theory that unites quantum and gravity, but each discovery brings us one step closer to the ultimate goal of unification. Throughout our time on this planet, we have pushed the boundaries of existence by asking difficult questions and working tirelessly to find the answers.

Our species has been defined by its relentless thirst for knowledge and its unwavering hope in a unified universe. 350 years have passed. since our first great successful step on this journey when Newton unified the heavens with the Earth revealing that the planets, the stars and the apples, are guided by the same set of laws 200 years later, James Clerk Maxwell united electricity with magnetism and then Einstein linked space and time and warped them into a fabric we now know as space-time. If we look at the timeline of these events, it should come as no surprise that the road ahead could be much longer.

Einstein died dreaming of a physical world governed by a set of laws, a unified framework that can unlock the mysteries of our universe, and Hawking never stopped looking at the stars and wondering what mysteries await us to be discovered. Whether The Theory of Everything is a realistic quest or a delusional attempt to make sense of the absurdity of the universe, one thing is certain: our unwavering hope in the pursuit of unification will only lead to the advancement of Humanity as a species if you feel that You are in a black hole Don't give up There is a way out If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it It makes a sound How do you know? going a step further if you hear the tree hit the ground but I don't see it why do you trust your sense of hearing this may seem like a ridiculous question but the truth is that despite our total dependence on them our senses deceive us all the time. time you listen to this audio and some of us listen to Yenny while the others listen to Laura Laurel you think you hear your friend laughing in the other room only to come out and see that it's just the TV a stick that seems bent in the water turns out to be straight when you take it out you spend what seems like hours walking through a dark and creepy forest, but then you wake up and realize that you were just dreaming that the world is a strange place and despite all the knowledge we have managed to gather as a species , there is still much more that we don't know, here's it.

We don't know either I believe, therefore I am You've probably heard this phrase before coined by 17th-century French philosopher Renée Descartes. The simple statement serves as the basis of all modern philosophy. It is a statement of knowledge and a statement that I do not know anything. If not, at least I know I exist. Although this may not seem like a revolutionary idea at first glance, it is actually quite important. Philosophers since the time of Socrates have wondered whether or not it is possible to know something because it always seems that the more questions we ask, the fewer answers we are left with.

Descartes himself was famous for his amazing ability to doubt everything, no matter how trivial. Outside, no matter the seemingly obvious, he treated all his ideas with a radical level of skepticism, believing that doing so would eventually lead him to the truth. This skepticism led him to pose a question that science has not yet been able to answer: how do I know that I am not dreaming right now or, even more terrifying, how do I know that my mind is not being deliberately tricked by some evil genius. Think of it like the movie Matrix, you may be connected to agiant machine that is feeding you all the sensory data you are currently experiencing.

You're not actually watching this video, it's just the machine doing it. You think you are, even though it's technically unlikely, it's possible and there's no way we can disprove it. That's why some people argue that we live in a simulation, do we know it or not? We just don't know. Descartes maintains that our inability to rule out this scenario forces us to doubt everything we think we know. A state of radical skepticism in which we cannot trust anything we experience or think. Fortunately, Descartes offers us a way out even if we are forced to doubt everything we cannot.

Doubt is the fact that we are doubting, if we can doubt then we can think, and if we can think then there must be a mind that thinks, so that we never know whether the world around us is an illusion or not. Even if we have physical bodies, we can rest easy knowing that we have Minds, that we exist correctly. Well, not so much, later philosophers from Kierkegaard to Heidegger criticized Descartes' claim by arguing that the existence of thoughts does not necessarily imply the existence of a thinker, including Friedrich Nietzsch. He went so far as to say that the idea that there was something called thought is itself an assumption.

All we can really say then is that something is happening, what that is, but we don't know if you're rolling your eyes right now. It's understandable to most people that this all sounds like a bunch of other intellectual nonsense unrelated to the real world, even if we live in the Matrix. I still know that two plus two equals four, that the sun will rise tomorrow and that the Earth under my feet is solid. Well, wait on the last point. Part of the reason it's so hard to say if we really know anything is because we live in a dynamic Universe where nothing is stable.

Everything that exists always moves. changing, including the Earth itself, even as you watch this video The face of the planet itself is evolving plate tectonic theory is relatively new in science pioneered in the 1960s our understanding of how the Earth shifts and moves still is quite limited, we have discovered certain things like the fact that the rocky crust of the Earth is shaped like plates that sit on a mantle of liquid magma. As this magma circulates and rotates, it pushes plates against each other and creates earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. What it means is that, contrary to what we think, the ground under our feet is not solid, it is constantly changing and if it is, how can we say we know tomorrow?

An earthquake could reshape our continents, so the best we can have is a rough approximation. What we think it used to be is not what it really is, maybe I'm just trying to use a metaphor here, but it seems like every time we investigate what we think we know, our ideas start to fall apart, it's an interesting quirk of reality. In reality, the simpler a question is, the more difficult it can be to answer. It is for this reason that many people fear death because we simply don't know anything about what happens next. I still can't help but think that the fear that we don't know anything about death presupposes that we know what life is.

It's because we don't really know either, it's easy for us to tell the difference between living in non-living materials, say like an apple versus a rock, but when we try to pin down a precise definition of life, things get complicated in all of life. . whether a plant or an animal is formed, bacteria or fungi are composed of cells and are capable of meeting certain basic fundamental conditions, these include responsiveness, metabolism, energy transformation, growth and reproduction, For example, when you smell food, you respond by feeling hungry, eating a sandwich, and then your metabolic process begins. process that allows you to convert calories into energy, this energy is then used to do things like grow muscles or attract a mate, but this is what life doesn't do.

The main problem with life is that the main characteristic of life is that it is always changing in definitions by their nature they are meant to be static maybe if we knew where life came from we would have a better idea of ​​what exactly it is unfortunately we don't either We know, of course, one day science will discover this, the secrets to life, the Earth and everything else will be unlocked, all it takes is more advanced technology, more sophisticated methods and we can know the answers for sure, do we? It is not like this? Here's the thing, though science is never 100 sure when researchers at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, also known as CERN, announced the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012.

They did so by claiming that their observations had passed the crucial threshold. Of certainty Five Sigma For most people, this term is nothing more than academic jargon, but Sigma in this context. is the unit of statistical measurement used to determine how likely a given result is to be correct. The higher the value, the more likely it is that a particular finding is true, with five sigma being the gold standard representing a probability of one in a million that a given observation is true. inaccurate, although there's still a chance you'll think I'm splitting hairs after all, one in a million is almost true, isn't it?

No, a 2011 experiment by CERN reportedly found that a series of nearly massless ghost particles called neutrinos had traveled faster than the speed of light, this was, of course, impossible as the finding violated the Einstein's principle of Relativity, however, the experiment passed with a Six Sigma confidence, meaning it had a staggering one and a half billion chance of being false, and yet it was because All subsequent experiments failed to replicate the results. originals and the first experiment was written as a coincidence. Science is very good at explaining what is happening and how it happens, but not really why it is happening.

Run any scientific revelation through a series of why questions and you will always reach a point where we just don't know, take gravity for example when an apple falls from a tree and hits Isaac Newton on the head. , we know its gravity, we can even measure it as 9.8 meters per second, but when it arrives To explain why this happens almost 350 years later, we still have no idea that all the other physical forces in the universe, electromagnetism, The strong and weak nuclear force have a corresponding subatomic particle, but we still do not know which particle is responsible for gravity. existence of something called a graviton which, similar to the Higgs boson, requires massive amounts of energy to detect;

In fact, it is predicted that it would take a Jupiter-sized mass spectrometer operating at 100 capacity to identify one, but why is it so difficult to detect? find out why physics behaves the way it does and may work differently the notion of alternative physics is most commonly associated with multiverse theory the idea that there is not just one universe but rather an infinite set of different universes that we don't know about No I know if this is true, of course, but if it is, then it is possible that among these innumerable variations there are other types of physics, perhaps in another Universe gravity is not so difficult to measure, perhaps instead electromagnetism is the Rebel Force that confuses its scientists. but it's not just other universes that can operate under alternative sets of physical laws, even our own universe may be subject to alternative forms of physics that we have yet to discover.

In 2022, researchers at Columbia University programmed an AI to study video sequences of different physical phenomena and then search for the minimum set of variables that described its observations. The images included things like a pendulum, a lava lamp, and a fireplace. When the AI ​​returned its results, the researchers discovered that they could identify some of the variables that the artificial intelligence had. defined but not others, the belief is that the AI ​​was applying new sets of physical laws currently unknown to humans, unfortunately since the program cannot communicate what it thinks the exact variables remain a mystery, however it raises a interesting question if we met. an alien species, is it possible that they use alternative laws of physics?

Ted Chang's novella about your life the inspiration for the 2016 film Arrival explores this idea fair warning there are spoilers later in the story humans make first contact with aliens after dozens of spaceships suddenly appear in orbit , but instead of wanting to take over the planet, it seems like the alien visitors just want to talk to start the conversation. Both humans and aliens work together to slowly decipher each other's language, as well as their respective approaches to physics, quickly. It becomes clear that scientific and mathematical concepts that are advanced to us, such as calculus, are surprisingly elementary to them, although the opposite is also true: the aliens deploy strange, seemingly intricate methods to describe basic principles such as speed, while Both methods provide accurate results, each of which is highly specific. the species that developed them is eventually explained that the aliens do not perceive our universe as causal, but instead witness all events happening simultaneously, this explains their strange set of physics.

Chang's Your Life Story raises interesting questions about concepts like time perception. The free will. and subjectivity forces us readers to ask ourselves if objective reality exists, how do we know that the reality we experience is independent of our own consciousness? This problem has plagued philosophers since ancient times. Plato in particular is known for having proposed the idea of ​​the kingdom. of forms, a non-physical immaterial plane from which the physical world manifests, science actually works on a similar principle, assuming that there is an objective reality that exists beyond our senses and that can be observed and measured despite our best efforts, although no one has ever confirmed this. existence of an objective reality in fact, since everything we know has to first come to us through our senses and therefore our own subjective perception, it is impossible to endorse an objective reality that we will never know in his book The Spell of the sensual philosopher David Abram argues that the very idea of ​​an objective reality is not representative of the universe in which we actually live.

Abram says that we exist in the realm of internal subjectivity (a term he borrows from the German philosopher Edmund Hospital) for this form of reality rather than being a A separate and isolated phenomenon is created by the collective experience of all its participants. The universe does not exist as an object of our subjective perceptions, but rather arises from our interaction with it. If this idea sounds a little far-fetched, consider quantum mechanics where our mere observations literally affect the state of matter by simply measuring a photon of light, we can change it from a wave to a particle, so maybe there is no such thing as reality. objective, maybe all that exists is our collective internal subjective experience, it just doesn't exist.

The knowing way of diving into the depths of uncertainty is never pleasant, which is why humans came up with reason in science in the first place. We want to feel like we know things. It gives us a sense of control when otherwise the universe is chaotic, unpredictable and sometimes dangerous. For most of my life I was agnostic about most things if there wasn't what I considered rational scientific evidence to support an idea. I just didn't believe it, but the more I learned, the more I realized how limited my own experience was. is and how much we as a species don't know ordinary matter represents only five percent of the entire universe the rest 95 of everything that exists is a complete and total mystery that we simply don't know seems naive if not Absolutely arrogant to close myself off to new ideas just because they don't fit into my current understanding of how things work tomorrow the Earth could change Life as we know it could completely change everything scientists taught us could turn out to be just a fluke, but instead of facing this dilemma with fear or outright rejection of scientific principles, we should take it as an opportunity to learn to accept uncertainty as a means to transform our perception.

To me, this seems like the only rational path to follow because it turns out that everything I don't know is okay, everything we've all experienced, you're sitting at the table for a family dinner, in front of you is thecousin you haven't seen since the last family gathering and the safest fashion. She opens her mouth and begins to speak passionately about a topic that she clearly knows very little about. He looks at your phone and in a quick Google search you discover that everything he says is completely wrong, but he doesn't seem to know it. The table doesn't seem to know either.

His confidence is so strong and unwavering that you start to wonder if this guy knows how wrong he really is. This is the Dunning Kruger effect. People who know very little about a topic tend to overestimate how much they know because they simply don't know. how much they don't know. As a result, the people who are most confident in their ability are often not who they should be. The term Dunning-Kruger is named after the two scientists who first discovered it. the psychological phenomenon David Dunning and Justin Krueger in 1999 They carried out research titled Unskilled and Unware of it where they tested a group of people on grammar, humor and logic.

In the first experiment, the 65 participants were asked to rate jokes that they thought people would find funny. People who personally felt they were excellent judges of humor were the ones who performed the worst on the test. Dunning and Kruger then subjected the same participants to varying degrees of grammar and logic tests, and the results were always largely the same. People who got the lowest scores were the most confident going into the test and overestimated how well they did afterwards, while those who got the highest scores overestimated how well everyone else did now, you might think. how this really happens.

Surely you should know when you fail a test. try, you have that feeling and after all, you wrote it yourself, but that only happens when you know nothing about the topic, when we learn just a little about that topic, we start to overestimate how much we really know. We are aware that we know about the subject, but we do not know enough to know that there is still much more to learn. We do not yet have sufficient skills to accurately evaluate our knowledge and skills, so we believe that we know much more than we really know.

Imagine you are given a test on the culture of extraterrestrial life, you just watched a 30 minute documentary on YouTube and you feel pretty good about your knowledge of things that have not been proven to exist, but other than this documentary, you have not You've done no other research on extraterrestrial life, you haven't been to space and you certainly don't have any extraterrestrial friends that they give you to try out and ask you to answer 20 questions about life as an extraterrestrial. I know what you're thinking. You are not entirely ignorant. You just watched a 30-minute documentary about aliens, so you'll probably pass this test or at least do better than average.

Well, that's the Dunning Kruger effect in action because honestly. It's just a documentary is not enough, you just discovered the tip of the iceberg, but since you don't know how big the ice is underwater, you will continue to live in the illusion that you have explored everything. and we see this every day, from your cousin sitting across the room to that coworker who gets really upset when someone else gets the promotion they feel they so desperately deserve. Job performance reports give us an unbiased view of how well we've done. However, when people who really don't know much get these results, they are dissatisfied with them because in their minds they have done much better than the report says, so they make excuses as if the boss didn't do it. like me or belittled the coworker, got the promotion over them, never once stopping to think that maybe they still have a lot to learn.

All the engineers at a company were once asked to rate their work and determine how well they were doing. Compared to the rest of their colleagues, 42 percent of engineers believed they were in the top five percent of the company. In another scenario, teachers were asked if their average was below average or above average. 94 of all teachers in the survey believe they do above average work, a figure that defies mathematical plausibility one might think. Teachers who are always greeting people could come up with a more accurate self-assessment, but the reality is that we are all victims of the effect of not improving, both as teachers and as students.

Some scientists argue that the Dunning-Kruger effect might not be due to poor self-assessment, but simply poor results who want to paint a false report of their performance and while you can understand where this argument comes from, it doesn't make sense because there are many places where we see the Dunning-Kruger effect, even when there is no reason for the person to want to look good, the truth is that we can. I can't give an accurate judgment on skills we know very little about because we simply don't know what is good and what is not. We haven't seen both ends of the spectrum.

Metacognition is the awareness of your own thought processes. plan Monitoring and accessing and understanding your own performance is like how your brain rates itself in their research Dunning and Krueger found that the less people know about a topic, the lower their metacognitive ability around that topic. , this is what makes them unaware of their own incompetence. and this is a very strange thing because it means that many times the loudest person in the room is usually the one who knows the least. Bertrand Russell said this in 1951 and it still rings true today, even now more than ever, because although he thought it was simply a thing of the time it wasn't simply the Dunning-Kruger effect at work.

The sad thing is that the people who know the least are also the least likely to take advantage of a learning opportunity. Think about 42 percent of engineers. Those who believe they are in the top five percent will likely ignore any opportunity to learn from their colleagues because they already believe they are the best; On the other hand, people who are the best don't realize that they are in the top five percent. They are so special that they do not try to teach others, even when they are the ones who should do it. In the end, the company remains stagnant.

Life is very similar to this company. Nowadays, there is the Internet and the loudest voices are those who know the least, everywhere you go, there is a fake guru trying to teach you how to become a billionaire overnight. They have very little knowledge, but that doesn't stop them from selling thousands of dollar courses with the same basic information you can get by simply searching on Google. the right things the sad thing is that most people buy into their confidence and certainty only to realize too late that it was all bluster and no substance now more than ever misinformation is a bigger problem than ignorance people take a swipe brief glance at a topic and instantly want to start teaching others, they don't take the time to read beyond the first page of the instruction manual before shouting from the rooftops about how much they know or how much they think they know, so they most of the time we hear from the safest people and not the most reputable, we accept information from the person who speaks the loudest rather than the person who has the most knowledge, from 5G death scares to anti-vax campaigns, people are constantly satisfied with knowing the minimum, they are not only satisfied with they are sure that they know everything and they do not waste time in sharing that information with others the loudest voices are ignorant why the knowledgeable do not talk about them again is the Dunning effect- Kruger When Dunning administered the three tests to the 65 participants and Krueger, the people who got the best scores often knew that they did quite well on the test, yet they felt that everyone else did too, they overestimated the test scores. other people on the tests and didn't think anything special about their own results when they were asked to place themselves in a percentile most of the time the people who did best ranked lower than they really were because of this the People who have imagination and understanding are full of doubt and indecision.

People who have more knowledge do not realize that they are so difficult to speak. It is easy for us to think that because something comes so easily and naturally to us, it also happens to us. It's easy for the rest of us to think that we're not special and that everyone can do it as well as we've done it, but that's actually not true. In fact, if you think your work isn't good enough, then it's probably already better than most because, unlike people at the bottom of the percentile, you know what you don't know, so you're more willing. .

Improving the Dunning-Kruger effect isn't all bad, in fact, it's the reason most of us can take a leap of faith. I started this channel without knowing how difficult it is to manage a YouTube channel, how much an algorithm can beat you, how the numbers on the screen affect the value you give to your work. At first I didn't know all that, all I knew was to make a video and upload it. I feel like if I had known how difficult it would be in the long run. We may have never started, so in a way, the Dunning Kruger effect helps us take the first step without worrying too much about everything we don't know yet, it gives us the confidence to get started once we take the first step. , although it depends on us.

In order not to feel comfortable and confident in the little we know, we must fight cognitive biases and realize that we have only scratched the surface and that there is still a long way to go. We are often taught not to compare ourselves to others and most of the time. The moment is excellent advice Constantly confronting others can leave you unhappy and unmotivated, but the truth is that comparison is not always a bad thing when we compare ourselves to others we can better evaluate how well we are making the experiment participants think. According to Dunning and Krueger, if the people who scored the lowest were shown the scores of all the participants afterwards, they would have been able to understand that they did not have as much knowledge as they thought if you are very confident in how everything you know pause for Wait a minute, take your time before sharing that information with others, question your long-held views and opinions because there could be new information that has come to light to refute what you hold so dear to your heart.

Be open to feedback. and criticism, while it is true that people should not discourage your dreams, you must understand that sometimes you may be overestimating your abilities, so accept criticism and consider it carefully. If you do, chances are you'll learn a thing or two that you didn't already know, when you're fully aware of the medical cognitive bias that is the Dunning-Kruger effect, you'll know when to ask for objective criticism and feedback and when to trust your own abilities. and realize that you could be special. after all, don't settle for the little knowledge you have, keep improving, keep learning, always ask questions and be curious.

Your curiosity will be rewarded, whether you realize it or not. Foreign video on this channel in July 2017. After months of coming and going. As to whether or not I really wanted to create a YouTube channel, what would people think? What if people hate the videos and tell me I don't know what I'm talking about? Who am I to talk about these issues? These were the thoughts that flooded my head. If you've ever been in a situation where you have to start something or give a presentation in front of a group of people, then I'm sure you've had a similar emotion: it's the fear of being judged, the fear that keeps us chained and prevents us from reaching our true potential to understand why we care so much about what others think of us.

We have to go back to the beginning of human history. Man, like many other animals, evolved to be social. Our survival depended. In close-knit communities, tribes and clans, we hunt together, shelter and protect each other from predators in case they dare to attack, being together made us prosper, so at that time being kicked out of the clan almost always It meant death without the technologies we have today. Seeking shelter and protection from wildlife was almost impossible for a single person, unfortunately even now that our society has evolved to a point where we no longer have to worry about predators, so we have the tools and resources to provide food, clothing and shelter for ourselves the

need

to be part of a group has still poorly adapted to our current reality so we were afraid of being left out today we are afraid of being canceled on Twitter for something we said or insulted for repeating clothes Instagram or receiving hate comments on your YouTube video from people telling you that your voice is becomingredundant and boring, you see this feeling of being excluded has sadly worsened due to social media, by creating likes and dislikes, we bring to light this need to feel validated and seen.

In an instant you can see how many people support you and that number can be addictive, it gets to the point where we stop saying what we really want to say and instead start saying the things that we know will get us the most likes before that you realize. If you post certain thoughts photos and write specific statements to get attention and validation from others, how many times have you seen your favorite online influencers and creators suddenly sell out and feel like they are no longer authentic and just doing or saying what they want? do? things they know will please the algorithm.

I made a video about Unit 731 and the despicable things the Japanese government did in World War II; However, because it wasn't advertiser-friendly content according to YouTube, the video didn't perform very well and that's okay. It's the kind of permission and social conditioning that makes people fall in line and stop saying anything that might offend people with money. It's like they tell you there is freedom of speech, but only when the microphone is off. Growing up, I always felt different, of course. I had friends and wanted to be part of the social group. He had questions about the universe that people just didn't like to discuss.

Who wants to talk about death and the afterlife in the schoolyard? After all, that's why I felt different from everyone else. They are a piece of a puzzle, but from another whole, so I grew up worried that everyone would see me as weird and different, so I did my best to hide my existential fear. and fit in like everyone else if you're watching this video. Right now there is a big chance that you too, once a child like me, who was so worried about not being loved, will protect your true self just so that you won't be considered different, even in that position, stop worrying so much about what other people do. think and start living your life authentically, yes, worrying about what others think is healthy, however, it becomes painful when we try to change ourselves just to please others.

You would enjoy your time on this Floating Rock much more if you choose to live your authentic self and If someone rejects you for that, you will know that it was never for you in the first place. If that sounds like a lofty dream and not really based in reality, I understand because the sad truth of it all is that we do it. We need to be judged fairly by others in essence, that is what makes our society work. We agree that something is Law and whoever breaks it is judged. We agree on certain moral principles and whoever violates them is socially excluded.

We were judged in our workplaces at school. In our society as a whole, as sad as it may seem, gossip and ostracism serve the greater good of the group. In 2014, Sanford professor Rob Willer led a study that explored the relationship of gossip and ostracism to harmony. and the functionality of the experimental groups in this study. I found that groups that allowed their members to gossip and vote out low-performing members were able to maintain cooperation and prevent selfishness much better than groups that were not allowed to do so. However, when we think about ostracism, we almost always see it in a bad way. the study showed that it plays a much more important role in preventing the weak and vulnerable from being bullied and criticized.

Have you ever been in a group for a school project and quickly realized that there is one person who just wouldn't do anything? because they know the group will take over, how does that make you feel? Imagine you could eliminate these people from the group and then gossip to other groups about how bad team players they are. It may seem harsh at first, but due to our innate fear of being excluded most of the time these people would see the reality of what they are doing and would actually act better when invited back into the group.

It also prevents these selfish people from exploiting the most vulnerable people in the group and allows them to reach their full potential without fear of being taken advantage of. The researchers concluded that exclusion forced participants to conform to the more cooperative behavior of the rest of the group, so yes, we must be good team players for the proper functioning of society, however, being part of a group never it must be at the expense of our own individuality. We should never be so afraid of being excluded that we don't say the things that matter to us for fear of being judged.

We need to realize that we will reach a point in our life. lives in which we will begin to evaluate everything we would have been taught as children, when you begin to overcome old beliefs and enter new ones, do not let yourself be held back by the fear of what everyone you grew up with would think, worrying about What other people think is necessary for the proper functioning of society, but when we care what other people think affects our ability to make decisions for ourselves that is when you need to pause and reconsider that you are a person with your own thoughts. , ideas, dreams and goals, don't let the fear of not being loved stop you from expressing that you want to leave school to become a comedian, what would you do?

People think you want to start a YouTube channel. What would people think if you wanted to be with someone from a different culture or religion? What would people think? This question stops so many people from doing what they love. It's like a chain that binds our necks. and leaves us no room to breathe we are like circus elephants held by a rope that may only exist in our imagination the ultimate freedom is having the courage to not like them the audacity to stand firm in what you believe even when the crowd says something of the opposite, the courage to get up when everyone else is sitting and run when everyone else is standing, the courage to be your authentic self, regardless of what everyone around you tells you, instead, Developing the courage to not like them is not easy, remember that it is in our nature.

Worrying about what other people think, deviating from that even for a minute would mean going against our own biology and that is never very easy, but the good news is that we can actually do it. The first and most important thing to realize is that everyone just like you is worried about their own insecurities when we go out into the world, we are often so consumed by our own insecurities that we feel like everyone else is thinking about us and condemning us, but the It's actually more common than you. They are so worried about themselves that they aren't really thinking about anyone else and when they speak against us they often project their insecurities onto us trying to tear us down so we feel better about themselves, let's not let them do that.

The difference between ostracism and early humans and what we have today is that with early humans only your closest relatives and clan members could cast you out; However, nowadays, thanks to social media, anyone can have an opinion about us, share that. opinion and we are forced to take note of it. The problem with this is that we are accepting criticism from people we wouldn't accept advice from. Think about it if you wouldn't let this stranger into your home for fear of invading your home. Privacy Why would you let them into your head? The most private place of all.

Sometimes people who judge you and don't let you live your true potential are not strangers. Your childhood friends and family. When that is the case, we must remind ourselves of the consequences of Living outside the group is not as sinister as it used to be. You have the tools and resources to thrive outside of your core group, and in fact, you can find another group to join one that accepts you for who you are and doesn't try to force you. become something you are not. I know I've said some negative things about social media in this video and many others, but there are also some positive things in this scenario where you no longer feel part of the group you were born into or I grew up on the Internet offers you a community of people from all over the world who are willing to accept you, you just have to take the time to find them.

Lao Zoo wrote in Tao teaching to take care of people's approval and you will be their prisoner of courage. Not being loved is the key that opens the prison doors and frees you to be the person you always wanted to be. You look out the window at the empty streets. There are no sounds of children running. There is no noise from busy streets full of cars. and the pedestrians the city is silent the pigeons no longer even gather together because there is no one to feed them you wonder where I am your alarm rings it is 9 am time to resume work in the office for the day with a sad face you walk towards your desk open your computer inside I miss the old days you say to yourself this is nostalgia it's the burning desire to go back in time to live the life we ​​once had or maybe just a romantic version of it we want experiences places things people e even ourselves to become what we once were we remember our childhood memories without all the awkwardness our first love without the reason we are no longer with them our first kiss without the terrible acne we had we remember a romantic version of our past without flaws, one in which we know what is going to happen next and another in which we can know what consequences our actions will have before we take them.

It often happens when we see, hear or even smell something that reminds us of the past and life. We once had the best example of this in relationships, people often leave relationships because it wasn't a good experience for them, but a few months later they start to lose the connection and feel like maybe it wasn't that bad. As they reminisce, their memories began to filter out everything bad that happened and they are left with a feeling of nostalgia for a romantic version of what the relationship was. Many times they come back only to be hurt again.

Nostalgia can be pleasurable, but as we have seen, it can also often cause us a lot of emotional distress. The 17th century Swiss physician Johannes Hoffer, who came up with this name, classified nostalgia as a mental disorder. No one could understand why anyone would want to live in the past without that happening. That was the way it was for a long time, that was Nostalgia until at lunch in 1999 in Southampton, England, Constantine said that Ikutis had just moved to the University of Southampton and that he was having lunch with a colleague. He explained to this colleague that he was generally doing well, but a few times a week he was struck by nostalgia for his old home at the University of North Carolina he missed time with his friends basketball games he missed his old life his colleague who He was a clinical psychologist who immediately diagnosed him with depression.

He said that like the 17th century Swiss position, this psychologist could not understand why anyone would want a time that had already passed, the life they had already lived, but he knew this was not true. Constantine denied being depressed and explained to his colleague that he was not. I didn't feel any pain, he said. I told him I lived my life forward, but sometimes I couldn't help but think about the past and it was gratifying. Nostalgia made me feel that my life had roots and continuity. It made me feel good about myself and my life. relationships, it provided texture to my life and gave me strength to move forward and this was the beginning of a drastic change.

Everything we knew about nostalgia was about to take a new form, maybe it wasn't as bad as we thought. It may even be bad through Constantine's research, the word nostalgia has slowly been losing its negative reputation, but not completely, you see. Nostalgia is a bittersweet emotion, on the one hand, it gives us comfort and makes us feel loved and connected when we remember all the moments with our loved ones. took care of us or a time in our life when everything was going well, on the other hand, it makes us feel sad because those things are gone and we are scared of never experiencing them again.

A great example of this is when Abraham Lincoln visited his son. He came home after 20 years and found the place in ruins saddened by what he saw he wrote this poem my childhood at home I see again and saddened by the sight as still as the memory clouds my brain there is also pleasure in it because although it saddened him Seeing that you could never experience those emotions again Remembering the times you spent in the house and the happiness it brought you when you were younger brought happy thoughts to your memory Positive feelings of nostalgia make you grateful for what you've had and give you the desire to keep moving forward maybe you can even recreate that amazing feeling or even experience something better in the future negative feelings of nostalgia however make yourself feel like your life was better in the past you could even start beating yourself Be prepared for the decisions you made in the past past because you believe that any decision you madeor negatively affect your life today, you get stuck in a cycle of thoughts about the past that basically leaves you frustrated, defeated, and stuck.

When things like this happen, it's often because you haven't taken the time to process that experience, it happened but you didn't give your brain enough time to grieve it and move on, you put up a wall, you seal it off like many of us do. of us, but once you really can. Process the experience and accept what came from it. You will stop experiencing the negative nostalgic feeling associated with that particular memory. One of the best things about feeling homesick is that it's about you and people love themselves more than anything. Otherwise, most of the human emotions we feel are felt as a result of external forces.

We get sad when something doesn't go the way we want. We become disappointed in people when they do something unexpected that we would prefer they didn't do. We get angry at people when they do something to agitate us but Nostalgia, no one does anything to us, in fact many times we cannot identify the trigger of our Nostalgia, all we know is that a few times a week we remember our old life with friends, family and the moments we share with our loved ones. and as memories cloud our brain, there is pleasure in it too, now this does not mean that external forces cannot trigger nostalgia, as we all know, advertisers have discovered the power of nostalgia and use it to their advantage all the time .

Disney remakes all of their best cartoons, they try to make people feel nostalgic, so they flock to the theaters trying to recapture a moment from their previous lives, but unlike trying to make someone feel happy or sad about a character in a movie trying to make someone feel happy or sad. Feeling nostalgic is very difficult and can often backfire, like simply watching the live-action Lion King movie, the first trailer for Sonic the Hedgehog, and, more recently, Tom and Jerry. These three films tried to make people feel nostalgic, but they completely failed in their goal. Because? Nostalgia is a very complex emotion, the question who am I has plagued humanity for millennia every five years, every atom in your body will have been replaced by a different atom, your thoughts, opinions and feelings about things will also have changed, Sometimes where you live and your friends may even have changed, so who are you?

Is there a true aspect of your being that marks you as one more? What part of us acts as the random seed that is tied to our existence? The best philosophers, scientists and psychologists have had an I answer the question but it was all in vain and although nostalgia certainly does not answer the question, it helps us calm the anxiety it causes, we can say that what makes you are are your specific memories about the past, all of which tell you what you are like. you have changed and become the person you are today you are told that you are a continuous being whose existence grows linearly over time when we feel like a failure as if we have no purpose in life as if we have no value or any meaning that we can often tap into our nostalgic memories for comfort to calm our worried minds and remind ourselves that we have intrinsic value, that we are not purposeless failures, we have friends, family and healthy experiences that we can hold on to.

Nostalgia usually occurs when there is a major transition in life, like when you go to college, move to a new city, travel the world or get married, it's like our brains are trying to hold on to who we were even when we still We're learning who we are and figuring out who we want to be right now, people are feeling more nostalgic than ever and honestly, that's exactly what a year in lockdown will do to you. We start to feel nostalgic when we see live performances we attended at the big family gatherings we used to attend.

We hate it and even little things like the noise of a busy grocery store or screaming kids on airplanes may not be the last because we have a limited ability to go out and create new experiences, our brain is repeating old ones over and over again. and again to give us that sense of warmth and connection that many of us miss in our daily lives right now, the internet has changed everything we used to do as a society, mobs have morphed into a cancel culture where we no longer have than being physically present. work or school and now we even have a day dedicated to feeling nostalgic, social networks call it TBT or throwback.

Thursday Every Thursday people post nostalgic photos of themselves and a period of time to sit and reflect on what once was, we also have things like Snapchat, Facebook and Google photos bring back memories of photographs we took a few years ago years and all these memories flood not only our minds but also our phone screens without having the ability to create new ones and you can see why people feel. Nostalgic, now more than ever we also see nostalgia in sports. For years there has been a very heated debate about who The Goat is. Who is the best athlete of all time in the NBA.

We often hear about Lebron vs Jordan, but really, even if LeBron James finishes. his career with more titles than Michael Jordan MJ will always have the nostalgia factor on his side, it is the childhood of many people and no one will ever argue that their sports idol, the one they watched while growing up, is not the goat, however, with enough Over time, modern goats become old legends and are slowly but surely eclipsed by new and rising talents. The arguments we have today will be the same ones we will have in the future, just with different people and different nostalgic factors.

Nostalgia is a very interesting emotion. because we all want to feel it in some way even if it brings us happiness and pain, many times the best memories are the ones we remember with both happiness and sadness on the days when we feel worse, it makes us feel sad, angry and even scared. We may never have those things, those feelings again, but even on those days nostalgia has the power to bring us hope and make us realize that we all have a story that is still being written. Why do we remember the past and not the future?

Do we exist in time or does time exist in the US? Does it really mean to say that time passes? Wonder is the source of our desire for knowledge, and nostalgia helps us remember how far our curiosity can take us from where we were to where we are and where we will be. The nostalgia will be there throughout. The way you were on your way home when you died was a car accident not particularly notable but fatal, however you left behind a wife and two children, it was a painless death, the paramedics did everything they could to save you but to no avail , your body was so completely destroyed because you better trust me and that's when you met me, wait, what happened, you asked where I am, you died, I said matter-of-factly, there was no point in beating around the bush, there was a truck and it was skidding , yes, I said, I died, yes, but don't feel bad that's why everyone dies I said you looked around there was nothing just you and me what is this place you asked is this the afterlife more or less I said it's you God you asked Yes I answered I am God some things capture our imagination like death, it is going to happen to us, we know it is going to happen to us and yet we live our lives pretending that it is not going to happen to us, not to us, at least we think it is not Now, we run away from it every time. opportunity we have and yet somehow we are worried about it almost simultaneously we ignore death and worship its possibility we write books about how life is short but we never live as it is who we are what do you think happens after death my children my wife you said what's wrong with them they will be fine that's what I like to see I said you just died and your main concern is for your family that's good right there you looked at me with fascination towards you he didn't look like God to me, he just looked like a man or possibly a woman, a vague authority figure, maybe more of an elementary school teacher than the Almighty, don't worry, I said they'll be fine, your kids will remember you as perfect in every way they don't.

You will have time to develop your disdain for yourself Your wife will cry on the outside but will secretly feel relieved to be fair Your marriage was falling apart if it's any consolation she will feel very guilty for feeling relieved oh you said so what happens now? to heaven or hell or something, nor did I say you would be reincarnated ah, you said the Hindus were right, all religions are right in their own way, I said walk with me, you followed me as we walked through the void, there was never a moment when that I did not exist, neither you nor all these Kings, nor in the future any of us will cease to exist, just as the incarnated Soul continually passes in this body from childhood to youth and old age, the soul in a similar way passes to another body upon death.

A sober person is not disconcerted by such a change and the body gets rid of the worn-out clothes. In Hinduism there are verses about the seemingly endless cycle of life and reincarnation. Each version of a being acts and reacts and their actions determine how they will manifest in the next life. We commonly refer to this as karma. This goes on almost forever. The soul longs for a higher sense of being which it can finally achieve once it gets rid of all desires, ego or pleasure, the longing for a higher self is only truly meaningful when such longing does not exist, so is this life the one that Are we living correctly?

Now it's just a simple test. Where are we going, nowhere in particular? I said it's nice to walk while we talk, so what's the point? So you asked, when I'm reborn, I'll just be a blank slate, like a baby, so all my experiences and everything. I did it in this life, it won't matter, so I said, you have within you all the knowledge and experiences of all your past lives, you just don't remember them right now. I stopped walking and took you by the shoulders, your soul is more magnificent. beautiful and gigantic than you can imagine a human mind can only contain a small fraction of what you are it is like putting your finger in a glass of water to see if it is hot or cold you put a small part of yourself in the container and when you take it out again you have acquired all the experiences it has had you have been human for the last 48 years so you have not yet stretched enough or felt the rest of your immense consciousness if we were here long enough you would begin to remember everything, but no It makes sense to do that between each life.

How many times have I been reincarnated? Then, oh, many, many and in many different lives. I said this time you will be a Chinese peasant girl in 1540 AD. wait what you stuttered are you sending me back in time well I guess technically time as you know only exists in your universe things are different from where I come from where you come from you said oh sure I explained I come from somewhere else and there are others like me, I know you want to know what it's like there, but you honestly wouldn't understand, oh, you said a little disappointed, but wait, if I'm reincarnated in other places in time, I might have interacted with myself at some point, sure.

It happens all the time and with both lives only aware of their own lifespans, you don't even know what's happening. Other religions like Islam or Christianity do not preach the idea of ​​reincarnation, but when you look at the pages, they also deal with this life. as proof, it is in the afterlife where life is completed and we can truly live what you do in this life determines the destiny of what your soul will be, while the concept of death is slightly different in certain religions and theologies in the sense that some of it happens over and over again and in others you die once, but Live Twice almost all religions encourage their followers to think about the cascading effects of their actions on a macro scale.

There are more famous ideas in this area of ​​course, simulation theory is just one of the other more famous ones where reality is potentially reduced to a high definition video game running in a scrawny teenager's basement, it is their reality. and you and I live in it. This is certainly not as grand a possibility as something from Scripture, but the logic that leads us to one. simulation theory is iron clad, what does it all mean then? So what's the point of all this? Oh really. I asked seriously. You are asking me about the meaning of life.

I mean, isn't that a little stereotypical? Well, it's a reasonable question. You bothered me. I looked into your eyes, the meaning of life, the reason I made this whole universe is for you to mature, you mean humanity, you want us to mature, not just you, I made this whole universe for you with each new life in which you grow, mature and become. an intellect eachBigger time just me, what about everyone else? There's no one else, I said, in this universe, there's just you and me, you stared at me, but all the people on earth, all your different incarnations, wait, I'm all you now. "You're getting it," I said with a congratulatory pat on the back, "I'm every being that ever lived or will ever live, yes, I'm Abraham Lincoln and you're also John Wilkes Booth," I added, "I'm Hitler," you responded, and you are the millions he killed.

I am Jesus and you are all those who followed him. You stayed silent every time you victimized someone. I said you were victimizing yourself. Every act of kindness you have done. You have made yourself every moment happy and sad. moment ever experienced by any human being was or will be experienced by you you thought for a long time why did you ask me why do all this because one day you will be like me because that's what you are one of my kind you are my son I mean I am a God no not yet you are a fetus you are still growing once you have lived every human life throughout all time you will have grown enough to be born so the entire universe you said it is just an egg I replied .

Now it's time for you to move on to your next life and I'll send you on your way, whether you believe in organized religion or not, we've all wondered what happens when our eyes close for the last time, maybe we look at our bodies without life. As our souls float away, we may try to call our loved ones to let them know that everything is going to be okay, but they never listen, maybe nothing happens at all, maybe it doesn't make sense. Andy Weir's short story supposedly written in less than an hour. He talks about an afterlife scenario, but that's not really the message he's trying to convey, perhaps his point is to highlight each person's ability to be the worst manifestation of humanity but also be the best.

Andy brings this up when he says that the protagonist was both Hitler and the people he killed. It's hypothetical, of course, but how far are we at any given moment from the worst version of ourselves? I often find myself looking at photos of famous or non-FAMOUS people when they were babies in the background. From reality, these baby faces can remind us of the innocence that every human being is capable of. Perhaps one of the lessons of the egg theory is to remind people of the power of a situation to make us who we are. This is not to absolve anyone of wrongdoing or take away the seriousness of their actions, but rather an opportunity to shed light on the fact that much of who we are is simply circumstances and that we might be better able to prevent future atrocities if we are able to foresee the consequences. circumstances that led to them, this was largely the focus of the now infamous Stanford prison experiments.

College students were hired to play as guards or prisoners and then their behavior would be studied in just over a day. The imbalance of power had manifested itself in almost total tyranny. where guards abused prisoners to such an extent that many of them had to be discharged from the experiments, this ultimately led to the termination of the study after only six days. Some say the guards behave this way because they were inherently bad people. Others say it was the imbalance of power that was always intended for an outcome like this. I urge you to interpret it yourself, but these studies show, and quite reassuringly, that there may be more bad circumstances than bad people in this world.

The Egg Theory Too It doesn't have to be just about righteousness or evil, it can also be about looking at life through the eyes of others. Maybe we would think about life differently if we could see ourselves through the eyes of a loved one. We often tend to be hard on ourselves for our mistakes. But if a friend made the same mistake, we would try to support them, so why should we treat ourselves more harshly than we would a friend? Imagine being a father and finally understanding his concerns when he said he couldn't sleep when you could.

I can't imagine how we could rethink Our World View if we could see things through the eyes of someone who disagrees with us. In fact, that's supposedly the origin of the story, not a near-death experience that Andy Weir had, but rather a disagreement. with his aunt, what a world like that would be like when empathy becomes something more than leaving words unsaid and becomes a feeling, an emotion that you don't have to interpret but feel yourself, there is also the concept of being reborn and carrying what is yours Lessons for the next life What would you become if you could live again?

If you knew then what you know now. How would you do things differently? What if you never had that opportunity? To whom I lie? Fortunately, we have that opportunity every day, as Confucius once said. Every man has two lives and the second begins when he realizes that he only has one On March 23, 2016, Microsoft launched a new chatbot called Tay on Twitter, described by Microsoft as an experiment in conversational understanding. Tay was created to have conversations with people through tweets. and DMS with Internet slang in the words of its creators, Tay was destined to be and I quote the Microsoft AI family of the Internet that is not cold.

I don't know, Tay was designed to learn more about human language while interacting with People through his tweets were to learn the patterns of our communication and then emulate them when trying to create their own speech. Tei's first tweets were funny and harmless, however within just a few hours everyone was horrified when Tay started tweeting the most offensive things. imaginable things like and again I quote Bush made 911 and Hitler would have done a better job in just 16 hours he tweeted 95,000 times making most of his tweets being extremely abusive and offensive in less than a day Microsoft had to suspend the account in The whole experiment was a complete social failure if you ask me, but it did its job the way it was programmed to do.

Tay was not designed to think for herself, she was created to learn the language that was spoken to her and so when people recognized that she was nothing more than what her parents bought, they intentionally started tweeting the most insensitive and offensive things on her tweets, she echoed in the world, unfortunately many people today are like Tay, we are constantly fed the same type of information and Without stopping for a minute to check the facts and form an unbiased opinion, many of us simply echo of everything we think in the world, although we would like to think that every opinion we have in every decision we make is due to our own. better independent judgment and evaluation that is simply not true most of the time our opinions, beliefs, views and thoughts about the world are influenced by a larger group of people.

Research has shown that when presented with multiple options, we often imitate the choice of the people around us. Instead of spending time researching, asking questions, or learning about different options to find the best one for us, we often defer to the social norm, which is how humans have always been social animals. After all, however, now more than ever it is becoming increasingly important to think for yourself. A few decades ago, we only had a handful of different thoughts we were exposed to, so it was easy to filter them all and figure out what was right for us, but thanks to the internet and social media there are billions of people with visions of the completely different world, ideologies and beliefs, and the social norm is changing so rapidly that there is no time to pause and think that waiting is really the right thing for us.

Yo, if you're not subscribed to my channel, there's a high chance that YouTube's algorithm brought you here, if that's the case. Hello, I see that algorithms are great, they bring everything we want directly to our doors, but there is a big problem that they are slowly starting to solve. dictate Our Lives are starting to think for us first they are content-based platforms like YouTube and Netflix that suggest things to watch soon you are watching everything not because you searched for it but because the algorithm suggested it and to a large extent This seems harmless, it exposes you to content you otherwise wouldn't have seen and gives smaller creators the opportunity to exploit without having an established pedigree.

It's literally the reason the aperture has grown to the size it is today, but then you have Amazon's algorithm telling you that. all the products you need to add to your cart along with the purchase you made, then Gmail's smart reply that tells you how to respond to emails and Tinder tells you who you're supposed to spend the rest of your life with before you're realize. algorithm the driver's seat and we become passengers in our own lives simply navigating the roads, it is suggested to us that this in itself is a problem, but the fact that the algorithm is not perfect makes it an even bigger one than the algorithms that are now thinking about We don't actually think that they just find patterns and repeat them like parrots once they realize that we like or agree with a certain thing, they constantly feed us that thing and before long we We find ourselves in an echo chamber where everything we see here.

They are just things we have agreed with in the past, it doesn't leave much room for change, for growth, for the opportunity to listen to opposing arguments and learn, think about it, how many times have you randomly found a video on YouTube with the one you didn't completely disagree with? Comparing that to the number of times you found a video that you enjoyed and completely agreed with, the difference is probably incredible and the better the algorithms are, the better they will give you that information that you already agree with, this leads to bias confirmation the tendency to seek out, interpret favors, and remember information in a way that confirms or supports your previous beliefs or values ​​Because these algorithms constantly surround us with ideas we already agree with, we quickly block our minds at every bit of evidence they contradict this. bias there is a subtle difference between the desire to have been right in the desire to have been right the desire to have been right prevents us from seeing the real truth which makes us cling to ideas that could be illogical and objectively wrong we could not see how we are wrong and that's why we don't learn or grow.

We cling to beliefs that have surrounded us so much that we begin to look for evidence to support our prejudices and not to discover the truth. The truth is that humans. It is very difficult for them to process information in an unbiased and rational way once they have developed strong feelings or sentiments about the topic, so people interpret everything they see in a way that already agrees with everything they know and believe about it. the world some people believe in. something called extrasensory perception, so, for example, they remember all the times they were thinking about her mom and they picked up her phone only to see that she was calling.

In a way it seems like fate, but they still forget all the times mom called when they weren't thinking about her and the other times when they were thinking about mom but she never called because they believe so strongly in extrasensory perception that it is so much more They are likely to remember cases that support their claims, even when cases that don't agree AND those claims occur much more frequently to make their confirmation bias even worse. Social networks have created the culture of influencers. It seems people like me now don't just look to each other for guidance, we look to influencers, gurus, and thought leaders because we consider these people to be part of it.

Of our packs, more than traditional celebrities, we often place them on incredibly high pedestals, giving them the opportunity to influence us well. People buy a product because an influencer said so, even when the product might not be the best option for them, they employ unsafe dietary practices. and exercise routines just because they influence what will work without researching what works for their own body, people listen to fake gurus and influencers and without taking the time to think for themselves, they do exactly what these people tell them to do even if It is unhealthy and potentially dangerous, one of the main reasons people no longer seem to think for themselves is because they are afraid of the repercussions, how can you think for yourself when sharing ideas that are not in accordance with the norm Does social exile you from society?

When you could lose your job, your education, everything you've worked for simply by thinking differently and expressing those different opinions. Yes, I'm talking about cancer culture. The real victims of cancer culture.Cancellation are the ideas that will remain unsaid the thoughts that remain in the mind for fear of an extreme reaction are the beliefs that are only expressed in the dark or the big bright eyes of Big Brother cannot see to prevent the rats from coming out. Big Brother urges you to think twice to avoid being canceled a relatively new phenomenon Society urges you to think in a group coined by Irving Janus in 1972 thinking in a group simply means avoiding conflict by quickly reaching an agreement without evaluating other options or ideas. alternatives means turning our back on the social norm without thinking twice about other ideas.

The danger is that our individuality and uniqueness die and the world moves to a point where we all collectively agree on the same ideas. There is no difference in thought. There are no individual ideas. Just groupthink. But it does not have to be like that. Thinking for yourself is a skill you must learn, otherwise you become a puppet of someone else's programming, thinking for yourself is challenging your existing ideas, beliefs and decisions, ask yourself if my thoughts are my own or are they simply influenced for everyone around me, my friends, my parents, influential people in society, etc.

To think for yourself is to look at the evidence to investigate and use reflective analysis. Understand that we all struggle with confirmation bias and we all want to look like we fit in, so remember not to shy away from ideas that might negate your existing bias. to think for yourself is to fight with your mind go out and find the roots of the ideas you support and then find opposing arguments look at your new beliefs like diamonds locked in a rock before you get to the fine jewel in the middle that you must Break the rock with a lot of strength but with care and diligence before completely accepting a new way of thinking.

Make sure you've gone through the Rock grappling with these new ideas in a way that can take you out of your comfort zone. To think for yourself is to go out in search of information, don't wait for an algorithm to keep repeating the things you already know, acquire new knowledge, feed your mind continually by reading, listening and discussing these great new ideas with a view from both sides. break your thought pattern and see everything the world has to say through your own lenses to think for yourself is to be humble in your knowledge one of the reasons people fall into the confirmation bias trap is because They don't want to make mistakes.

For some reason, we have built up this idea that we have to protect ourselves from making mistakes. People seem to pride themselves on being intellectual and informed and refuting evidence goes against that notion, so they avoid it and stay in the dark about the truth simply because they want to keep up the façade of being right, don't be afraid to be wrong, There is literally nothing wrong with it. Remember that we used to think that the Earth was the center of the universe and that everything revolved around us. We are egocentric. We enjoy. Feeling important and being right gives us that feeling of superiority, but in my opinion, I feel that you should care more about finding out what is right and not longing for the state of being right.

To think for yourself is to be brave and not give in to fear. pressure or guilt to stand up for what you believe, as long as you have come to see it as the truth for yourself, thinking for yourself is standing out and disagreeing with the crowd simply for the sake of maintaining so-called peace. and avoiding confrontation because the truth is that we would not have any new scientific discoveries if old ideas were never questioned. Everything we believe about the world today is the product of someone who thinks outside the box by challenging the status quo.

We must do the same by being free. The thinker opens the way to ideas that some of us may never really experience and new ideas are something we can all benefit from as individuals. There is no progress without change and there is no change without admitting that there is a problem in the first place. You are a chicken. Yes, you look around and sometimes wonder why your owner takes such good care of you at first. You are not sure, you are skeptical. What if he sends you to the slaughterhouse?