The history of the graphic user interface

In this short video, I will look at the

history

of the

graphic

al

user

interface

. This is the summary of one of my class lectures with video clips added from around the web for reference, so sit back and enjoy the

history

of the GUI to get you started. With, let's get familiar with the two main types of computer

user

interface

s: the command line interface and the

graphic

al user interface. First, there is the command line interface. This is a way of interacting with a computer where the user types commands into the programmer's lines of text. or command lines, obviously the main input device is a keyboard.

This example that you can see in the video is actually from a Raspberry Pi running a version of Linux. Observe how the user types the command line instructions or arguments in the terminal window that includes the command. word like LS to list the contents of a directory and flags that configure how the command works. All commands are typed in the shell prompt, in this case where you see the dollar sign, but sometimes it can look like a pound sign if you are logged in as superuser, learning the commands and how they work can be a barrier for some people.

It's not generally considered very user friendly, plus humans are primarily visual mammals, meaning we would like to live in a world with visual cues that act to react to our interactions for the general population, all of these command lines look similar. too much of a chore, this leaves the command line interface in the realm of nerds, geeks, and IT professionals. Now let's look at the graphical user interface or GUI, which is sometimes pronounced GUI for short, this is a type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators instead of a keyboard.

The main input devices are things like a mouse, trackpad, touch screen, or graphics. This type of input is more intuitive and there is Graphical feedback is more like the real world, so let's start back in the 1960s when computers were the size of a room. This is the IBM Sage computer, where the input of information is carried out through punched cards, and the output through a circular cathode ray tube, a special light gun. can be used to interact with the signal on the screen, all other functions via reel spin switches and buttons that link to the electronics below the control panel in 1962 at MIT, the first computer game was programmed in the PDP and the game was a space war with limited memory and punch card programming.

This is not a desktop computer. Custom input switches were hacked to form the first game controller input device. The first programmable digital electronic computer was built in 1943, but in 1965 the Programmer 101 was the first commercial desktop personal computer. As you can see, it's more like a programmable electronic calculator, it has a keyboard input command line interface, punch cards, and a built-in printer for output, so even though it's a desktop machine, there's no graphical interface real user, just printouts or commands and the results of the programs. run in 1973, the first highly operational computer was built by Xerox. It has a three-button mouse, a bitmap display, the use of graphical windows, the Ethernet network and is the first system that brings together all the elements of the graphical user interface model in In this video we can see the monochrome screen used with games or a simple painting program, something like this for the first time in 1984.

Apple introduces Macintosh. This is the beginning of the now recognizable all-in-one monitor. The computer unit interface features icons on the desktop. Multiple windows. The finder is a file manager window and the trash icon that deletes files. Then in 1985, Microsoft releases the first version of Windows 1.01 with 8-bit color, meaning the maximum number of colors that can be displayed at any time is 256. Now Windows cannot overlay. but instead they are tiled, the windows can't cover a space at the bottom of the screen that is reserved for eye icon programs which is now called the taskbar, which is the green part in the video, so Now is a good time to take a quick look. look at the acronym wim P or wimp which stands for Windows Icon Menu Pointer, a popular term for interface design in the 1980s, a window runs a stand-alone program isolated from other programs running at the same time in other windows and the icon acts as a shortcut to an action the computer performs, for example, runs a program or task, a menu is a text or icon-based selection system that selects and runs programs or tasks, and the pointer is a symbol on screen that represents the movement of a physical device such as a mouse that the user controls to select icons, so we go back in history and in 1987 Apple introduces the Apple Macintosh 2.

This is the first color Macintosh with a screen resolution 640 by 480 pixels and an interface that follows the now recognizable paradigm of the 1980s. It was an interesting time with many different computer manufacturers and various operating systems, each with their own version of the graphical user interface. These PCs include Acorn Next, Commodore Tandy and IBM, as you can see they all adopted similar graphical user interfaces with buttons and icons from Windows menu bars. 1995 Windows 95 appeared with features such as icons on the desktop, the taskbar, the Windows Start button that overlaps windows, and now the famous Internet Explorer web browser.

This was followed three years later with the updated Windows 98, at which time the entire world was switching to personal computers and Microsoft Office was the king of productivity software. New features in Windows 98 included 3D rendering, for example the 3D screen saver in 1999. Apple responded with Mac OS9 the last time the Apple logo was rainbow-colored and then in 2000 it began rolling out OS 10. us Apple's new awkward GUI gel effect buttons, subtle borders shadow expanding dock icons and animated effects as you interact with the user interface shortly after, in 2001, Windows was released XP, which updated the Windows interface with Mac OS 10 for years, the main.

The gateway to computers was the keyboard, mouse, and game controllers, but then in 2006 something new came along with the Wii game console and the Wii Remote: it was a wireless handheld pointing device that detected motion in three dimensions and began a new wave of human-computer interaction. 2007 saw the introduction of the Windows Vista interface, important to the Aero Glass design with transparent glass-like windows and a 3D hardware-rendered interface. At this point, let's remember what our phones were like in the early 2000s, this is the popular Nokia three three one. zero, a typical telephone of the time with a monochrome screen and hardware buttons.

Now let's look at the iPhone from 2007. The first generation of the iPhone with a touch screen, navigation, multi-touch gestures. Suddenly the phone lost the hardware buttons. Enter the world of graphical user interface design. the place in history where wimp remembers that it means menus and Windows icon pointers suddenly loses the pointers since the pointing device is now your finger. Smart animations should be used to replace the mouse pointer. The interactions of the screen with a touch screen and so on until 2010 and the iPad now, this is not the first computing tablet by far, but it is the first commercial success for a tablet, like the iPhone, it has touch screen input on conflict between portrait and landscape mode, you have skeuomorphic layout for icons and apps, so what is skeuomorphic layout?

The clever gothic design emulates the look and function of real-life objects. The buttons look like real 3D buttons. The knobs and sliders appear to be real counterparts and even the shelves look like real-world equivalents. After Windows 7 in 2009, Microsoft releases Windows 8 in 2012. This allows touch-style navigation in the graphical user interface on desktop systems and has flat Metro-style icons. It has mouse navigation using invisible undetectable actions in the corners of the screens and this version actually removes the Start menu from desktop mode. of Windows 8 is that we don't have a safe morphic design, suddenly flat style icons are in fashion, continuing the trend set by Windows 8 and the Windows Phone interface in 2013, the iPhone iOS 7 switched from realistic skeuomorphic icons to minimalist blueprints and in 2015 we now have Windows 10 with an improved interface for desktop users that restores the Start menu instead of the Start screen and with standalone tablet mode optimized for touch devices, so we have a brief history of the graphical user interface on desktop computers and migration to tablets. and phones, so what will the future be like?

Laptops with tiny screens. Augmented reality and front screens. Digital glasses and contact lenses. Flexible screens and holograms. Remember that GUI is just the interface between human-computer interactions, and computers, tablets or phones are just modern. current tools to help us build our world we want to become a world of consumers lost in virtual reality it is your decisions about how to use the technology that will affect the evolution of the GUI and how the technology is integrated into our real world environment