Was Europe's First Advanced Civilization Faked? | The Secret of the Phaistos Code | Odyssey

This channel is part of the historic hit Network are among the masterpieces of our past, but what is genuine and what is fake. I was surprised that so many pieces that I thought were ancient were not, these works of art were found by ambitious archaeologists. Arthur Evans excavates the Palace of Canossos, makes sensational discoveries and raises money for further excavations and is knighted by King George V. On the contrary, Luigi Pannier digs in Feistos and finds nothing really spectacular. The funds threaten to try until he can. presenting the feistos disk the oldest written artifact in Europe was an incredible achievement by Pennier who managed to excavate the entire palace in just a few years it was for glory and for money Evans and Panier have brilliant restorers at their side father and son did this The quartet reinvents our past in 1900 Arthur Evans begins work on the excavation of the Konosos Palace.

The British archaeologist has purchased land near Heraklion for this purpose. Evans is clearly interested in more than just archaeology. Prestige at home is also important to him. He produces quickly. Some spectacular finds are evidence of an ancient high culture that had previously only been described in myths and legends according to ancient tales. The Labyrinth of Canossos was the home of the Minotaur, half man and half bull, who lurked there awaiting human sacrifices. Evans is excited by the discovery and for him there is no doubt that the ruins of a magnificent culture will now resurface on the island of Crete: the Empire of King Minos in ancient times symbolized luxury and abundance, while in southern Crete Italian archaeologists have rediscovered the Palace. of feistos for them in this period of nationalism the reputation of Italian archeology is at stake the foreigners made in classes the head of excavations Luigi penae is determined to find something unique and panier achieves his goal today in the Cretan capital Heraklion his disk constitutes the main attraction for visitors to the National Museum an icon of Minoan culture comparable to the bust of Nefertiti in Berlin, yet the descent can be heard to this day.

Some people claim that the facedos album is a hoax, but if that's true, who could have been involved? The British archaeologist. He had the experienced restaurateur Emile Giron at his side and the popular image we have today of Minoan life is due to Jirion's work under Evan's supervision, but was it really the case today as expatriates criticize Jiron's methods? Emile Gioron's amazing career begins in 1877, when the Swiss man arrives in Athens. The city is undergoing an amazing renaissance during this decade, now that Greece is independent from the Ottoman Empire. Wealthy citizens are investing in education and arts in the shadow of the Acropolis.

A millionaire who would later achieve great fame as a magnificent. Villa built Heinrich Schliemann made a fortune trading in gold weapons now he plans to make a dream of its use come true by rediscovering Troy and Mycenae the cities of Homer's heroes the young Emir Giron hopes to find employment with Schliemann the demand tests his skills at least This is the story that has come down to us, the archaeologist presents them with three fragments of a fresco and demands nothing less than a reconstruction of the complete image. At

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euron is puzzled, but then Emil makes a sophisticated reconstruction from his own imagination and draws a charioteer with a spear, Schliemann is delighted, that's how it must have been, but suddenly Giron draws a temple guard, in addition, this is not the last draft which continues to produce various alternatives until an irritated Schliemann finally hires him after Schliemann's death.

Arthur Evans has jirehon brought to Crete Evans has experienced a stroke of good fortune shortly after beginning excavations he made some important finds now the fragments need to be reconstructed the year-round meals can continue at Colossus in the same way he worked for Schliemann he to create the young man is also called emir the island is a paradise for archaeologists Emil Jr sets his sights on the recently excavated classical structures and in the expressive faces of the locals it becomes evident that the young Emil has inherited from his father not only talent for drawing, but also entrepreneurial ability and a certain unscrupulous attitude when it came to facing the truth, as later critics would affirm.

Shira is quite willing to turn her boss into a hero if that's what she wants. Emile Jr draws incessantly, with neatness and obsession with detail years later. He will take his father's place on the team that has tirelessly excavated classos for four decades. Father and son Giron dominate the image of ancient Crete that has become world famous and remains popular today despite its discrepancies, that of a paradise island in the middle of the dark sea wine a beautiful land and a rich source of water as the poet Homer proclaimed the French archaeological institute in Athens is a meeting point for artists and scientists its director is Alexandra Fanu just a few days ago archaeologists gained access to the ancient private archives of the jirón family so that they can provide an expert assessment This is the order of the major It is the original form of the catalog used by the Gilirons to offer copies of archaeological finds This book contains all the important objects discovered during the excavations complete with photographs of The restored pieces and explanations here, for example, they say which were documented by the former German archaeologist Müller, then the size of the glass and the price are indicated.

For a long time, archaeologists were only able to provide reasonably accurate representations of original archaeological finds with the help of illustrators. Who drew them and used watercolors so that Giron Sr. is in the right place at the right time and with the right people to fully develop his talents. He has to capture the color nuances and intensity precisely at the moment of discovery. The skilled illustrator. He quickly finds an artistic mode of expression for the style of Bronze Age Crete, just as his boss Evans represents the Empire of King Minos. This is a hand-drawn drawing directly from the original of the Fresco with the outlines of the excavated fragments and additions the gillaran has suggested, to recreate the image, that the Minoan bull-leaping tradition involved acrobats running directly towards the animal and leaping about him.

This dangerous practice was part of religious cult rituals and could end in death. Europe and the US quickly became prey to the Cretans. fever Newly discovered works of art inspire artists and fashion designers, although others dismiss it all as some kind of archaeological fantasy land that they then embarrassed with watercolors here is the famous procession detail Fresco was a kind of graphic exercise that then Reproduced and sold throughout Europe, Prince Lily is a revealing example of Jirong's working method. jiron simply reinvented the figure in the case of the Prince Lily Fresco, we now know precisely that it was in fact composed from completely different frescoes.

Did he do it because that's the way it was? Evans wanted to illustrate the Minoan Empire and we experts are still impressed by it even though the background is much better known today. Arthur Evans continues digging completely convinced that he has a mission to carry out. Evans hardly seems to care about any qualms about non-Minoan architecture. he simply gets rid of it, names the rooms in the palace, but it is his sole discretion when an Alabaster Throne is found. Evans immediately declares it to be the King's Throne, although there is no evidence of the throne's function or even the King's existence, let alone him.

He won't have to wait long to achieve recognition in his country. King George V is a knight. Luigi Panier has much bigger difficulties to deal with in the south of the island where he is. The excavations on the coast are gloomy and uninviting. The

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archaeologists here have to be good climbers. Because many of the sites are in remote valleys or high mountains where access is extremely difficult, beyond the mountains lies the Libyan Sea, this ocean connected the Minoans to the developed cultures of the Near East and Egypt. , but also provided protection against foreign invaders. Professor Diamantes Panagiotopoulos has been studying the history of Crete in this area for decades and his arduous expeditions along dusty roads have proven valuable, since far from the main palace complexes there are many places of worship that have hardly been the subject of specialized research: the mountains along the coast they were always in the past a bulwark that contained invaders trying to attack Crete, while today they hinder the progress of curious travelers.

The inhabitants of Crete have always formed a closed community towards strangers, at the same time, anyone who wanted to dig here could hardly do so. It cannot progress without local help. The Greek professor from Heidelberg has many friends on the island. The knowledge they share with him has been passed down from generation to generation. Aren't these caves hidden in the mountains? In many cases, the entrances are only known to The Cretan shepherds have always considered the caves to be sacred places, where the gods were born, including the father of all gods, Zeus. Archaeologists still find surprising finds at these sacrificial sites, double-sided taxes made of shrimp or gold and priestesses with bear breasts in clay or are these representations of goddesses that feed the myth that Crete was a matriarchy, a society ruled by women?

Professor Panagiotopoulos's excavation site is located on the edge of the mountains above the Misara plain. Today, many of the locals are leaving the area. A large number of villages. However, they have been abandoned. During the Minoan period there was a flourishing settlement here on the hilltop. The remains have been excavated and studied. What we are tasked with is the question of why a certain region was of great importance in some periods of history while in other periods it was abandoned. It is not because of the climate that it has hardly changed in Crete over the last four thousand years, and yet, after the decline of the Minoan culture, Crete never again achieved the importance it had enjoyed during its golden age.

Prince remains an enigma to us archaeologists, even 100 years after the first great discoveries at the beginning of the 20th century, it is quite surprising that a developed culture emerged here that could justifiably be compared with the great cultures of the East; For thousands of years, the fertile soil of the Misara plain has been a source of prosperity. This was the basis of both cultural development and political power. Crete is at the crossroads of ancient trade routes as the Cretans had a large fleet of ships. and trade with people from all over the Mediterranean flourished, this is how the first important culture of Europe arose with its population established early in centers such as Canossos and Feistos Estrellas, which is where the largest portion of the Minoan Empire was found.

Luigi Penier's disk, Italian archaeology. It began in a very special historical situation. Greece had achieved its independence from Turkey in the middle of the previous century, then Crete was divided into several Italian, French and British protectorates. It was thanks to this environment that archaeologists in Italy were able to work without obstacles. These early archaeologists like Luigi Penier had to explore Crete on the back of donkeys. They had to fight against malaria and. other unimaginable difficulties in the year 1900, when Luigi Penae landed in Crete, the island was still officially governed by the Ottoman Turks. The idea that Europe's first high culture flourished here seems incredible, and yet Pernier discovers evidence of this past everywhere. during the roman period the plane missile was governed from gauteng here is the great

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the oldest legal text in

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foreign this was rediscovered by frederick halpayer a prominent italian archaeologist originally penier worked for him this find was to make halpayer famous infestos Luigi perignier en At first, only the deputy of the excavations led by the high peer Penier is considered extremely ambitious.

He descends from a family of Roman aristocrats with French roots. His opportunity arises when Halpayer becomes embroiled in political intrigue. The matter leaves Panier as the new boss at the feistos mission. at the famous Sapienza University in Rome, studying literature and archaeology, today the linguist and archaeologist Alessandro Greco teaches here. During the period between 1800 and 1700 BC, Crete was a cultural hotspot, known as the New Palace Period, when the main structures were built whose ruins can still be seen today, it was in these palaces that archaeologists found tablets clay with what became known as linear writing and, despite decades ofResearch to date, it has not been possible to decipher this written language.

Therefore, Alessandro Greco is forced to try a different writing. route, he is analyzing all the visual information that has been found so far to gain insights into the religion, social structure, and daily life of the Minoans. His main problem here is that virtually all authentic images are only available in thumbnail format, we don't know. Who is represented here is a king or a queen, a prince or a god and we do not know how their minds worked, even the visual language of the rings remains puzzling, we know the function that rulers used to place their seals on documents and letters at the University of Heidelberg Professor Diamante Panagiotopoulos evaluates his series of excavations.

Here he holds the famous chair of classical archaeology. The practical work of an archaeologist includes the analysis and archiving of fines. A scientific mega-project is being carried out in Heidelberg, involving 130 experts from 13 countries. It is the famous Corpus of Minoan and Mycenaean seals, a gigantic collection of data that includes hundreds of thousands of photographic negatives and 9000 impressions of clay seals, it is a collection of the most varied materials, shapes and, above all, patterns in the clay images. provides a lot of extremely important information about the social structures, ideologies and mentalities of these societies, of course there are a number of signet rings that cannot be guaranteed in terms of authenticity.

We compare these problematic examples with seals from objects from systematic archaeological excavations. proven to be authentic, the work of these experts often resembles the proverbial search for a needle in a haystack. The collection also contains a ring with an inscription that has not been deciphered, the spiral shape and writing resembling the fastest disk. This ring indicates that Pernier's mysterious clay disc is genuine. One of the problematic examples is the Minus ring, which for many years has been suspected of being a fake. Arthur Evans brought the gold ring to a priest, although many experts warned him against doing so today.

Minos's ring is in the Heraklium museum if it really is a modern forgery, who could have been the forger in this case too? Jiryong's name is on the list of prime suspects where Girians engaged in counterfeiting for decades. The final proof is contained in the Heraklian. museum but it cannot be accessed British archaeologist and linguist Gareth Owens has made Crete his second home the focus of his research is on the early writings of the Minoan period such as the disk the palace complex of Ephesus exerts an almost magical attraction on The Minoan

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of the second millennium BC is based on the palace economy and the palaces, as we are here in Phaistos, are the center of bureaucracy and religion.

Gareth Owens has known every inch of the ruined palace for decades. He has studied every detail here, such as the so-called queen's palace. throne room a toy like this was used to store the commercial wealth of the Cretans to this day the traditional urns are produced from clay as they have been for thousands of years the artisans in the workshops of the ancient palace became masters of This art and its reputation even reached the court of the Egyptian pharaohs who commissioned clay pots and silver bowls from Crete, the Minoan palaces and economy have created much space for agricultural products, olive oil and wine. excellent, which are still very good today, in fact, they were kept here in the warehouses that they exported throughout the Mediterranean very widely, in fact, they traveled throughout the Mediterranean Sea very, very international, the first palace was very rich, destroyed around from 1700 BC.

C., which is probably the date of the Phaistos disk and it is not surprising that writing developed in this southern part of Crete, this first palace in Phaistos was built in 1900 BC. C. 200 years later, a large earthquake caused it to collapse. The doors and ceilings were made of wood and were set on fire by the flames of oil lamps. It must have been hell, although the building was built in a special way, it could not withstand the massive earthquake, the fire spread at an incredible speed, the inhabitants fled in panic, but still many did not survive, the entire complex The palace was left in ruins.

Festus Disney is part of that destruction. Horizon is important, it was baked deliberately and not accidentally. baked as the level of destruction that saved the other linear templates was actually found with a linear tablet and with really nice Camaro style pottery and this part of the palace seems to be for storing valuable objects, it was found along with many other artifacts indicated by Penier. that the disk had fallen from one of the upper floors but trying to reconstruct the scene of the catastrophe raises strange new problems. How could a fragile clay disk survive a fall of several meters and crash onto a hard stone floor without any damage? apparent?

A crucial question that not even the successor to Luigi Penier's Noise faced us were able to answer satisfactorily in New York. Jerome Eisenberg deals with ancient artifacts. This internationally renowned specialist has spent decades studying items to determine whether they are genuine or fakes. It has been cooked very thoroughly, very evenly and the only one. The time the ancient slats were fired was during a fire and they would fire unevenly. Sharp and you wouldn't have any ancient tablets. Nothing made of clay with sharp edges that could be easily damaged. There were too many things wrong if you did.

If you have two or three things that don't make sense, I can accept that, but when you have eight or nine different things that are wrong with the piece and I would certainly condemn it as a forgery, if Eisenberg's suspicions are correct, it would mean that Luigi Beignet forged the piece. exploration record, but it is also conceivable that he himself was deceived. To this day it has not been established exactly who was present at the excavation when the foreign object was found. Alessandro Greco considers it inconceivable that Penier himself forged the object, it was Luigi Pernies' incredible achievement of excavating and even evaluating the entire Palace in just a few years.

In addition to his excavation activities, Luigi Pernier also worked in Florence as an inspector of antiquities. His jurisdiction included the city's Archaeological Museum. Fines from the Etruscan era have a place of honor in the collection here the Etruscans were among the most powerful peoples in the Mediterranean Paola rendini is a specialist in a script about a garbage can in the magazine Dr. indini and the director of the museum studies one of the most valuable objects: the Maggiano disc, which represents one of the most important examples of current Etruscan writing, can read 70 words, while in the time of Luigi Penae this was not possible, it is eight centimeters in diameter and is half the disk face size.

The word and sentence sections are separated by periods. while vertical lines are used in the faceted disc, it was found at the end of the 19th century in 1882. The Archaeological Museum of Florence bought it in 1888. It is an extraordinary object because the disc is made of lead and measures eight by seven centimeters. It is not very large, but it contains one of the oldest examples of Etruscan writing that we know of near the place where it was found. An Etruscan cemetery was discovered with even older tombs from the late 7th and early 6th centuries BC. This cult object originated a thousand years ago.

After the palace fire and in front of us, cultural exchange between Etruscans and Minoans seems extremely unlikely, so the great similarity between the two discs is inexplicable. However, while working in Florence, Luigi Penae could have studied the Maglian disk exhaustively before discovering the fastest disk in history. Crete, as far as Jerome Eisenberg is concerned, this is a crucial clue, it has many unique features, physically it has nothing to do with any other work of ancient art, it is the only large disk found in the Near East or the Mediterranean area, no one can decide. what it is and where it came from one of the small successes of the Italian excavation in front of us also finds the disk extremely puzzling the disk is a unique object with an inscription unique for Crete and the entire eastern Mediterranean it is a script that features open syllables probably It originated because all other chalks and scripts, such as linear A and B, are also open syllable types. the museum the disk is the main attraction it is 3600 years old according to the museum the inscription is said to be a prayer a record of battles or a foreign archival record what is known with certainty is that the disk has a diameter of 16 centimeters and is stamped with 45 different symbols arranged in a spiral from the outer edge to the center forming a total of 242 stamped impressions, too many signs for a The alphabet has too few signs for a system like Chinese or Egyptian, so what we decided to do was try to progress with systematic epigraphic work, so that if a sign is the same in different writings, it has the same sound value and those 45 signs, the sound values ​​can be among the 90 sound values ​​of Linear B, which is a writing of approximately the same time and from the same place that it has been deciphered, while the linguistics expert believes that there may soon be a breakthrough Jerome Eisenberg sees examples of suspicious errors where this right-to-left inscription basically comes from as Egyptian hieroglyphs, on the other side, Minoan script, a linear A and a linear B are read from left to right.

All of these are too realistic to be in ancient scripture. This is an interesting symbol. This is a gloved hand or a castis. in Latin, which only occurs in the Roman period, about 1500 years later, they just don't make sense together if Jerome Eisenberg is right, how could the forger have accomplished this? It must have been someone familiar with classical writing types who obtained the raw material for the clay disc. It would not have been a problem. There are associates close to Feistus. If the price was high enough, they would have remained silent. Luigi Penae had access to the records of excavation and might have wished fame for himself and for Italy if he had the The craftsmanship skills required to produce the forgery are dubious, while the spiral pattern almost appears to have been produced by a child.

The symbols were printed with molded stamps in a sophisticated process. Jerome Eisenberg believes that Penier commissioned the work, at most it was said that uh Gili. Aaron was present at the time the disk was discovered and that Pyrenees was gone, he was probably taking a nap. The exact circumstances under which the faceless disk was found cannot be definitively established. No archaeologist was a direct witness. It may be significant that these years. once again they are directly involved in archaeological forgeries if their greed overcame their moral scruples evidence of this salesmanship can be found for a year at the Humboldt University of Berlin specialist Nadine Becker is investigating the purchase of artifacts by the university during the pre-war period the Winkleman Institute is proud of its lavishly brewed coffees in the wrong workshops this year.

They are objects of study for experts and students, all in original sizes like the Throne of King Minos. These exclusive replicas came at a price. The catalogues, purchase orders and correspondence with these Gras have been preserved. To this day, in the archives, original invoices and customs documentation indicate the staggering sums that the jirans demanded, which were paid by buyers through a process that was technically revolutionary at the time when metal copies were being produced. with the electroplating method at the Württemberg metal clothing factory wmf. The Nigerians sold exclusive items to their international customers at outrageous prices, not only placed replicas on the market.

Experts at the renowned museums in Boston and Toronto also found evidence of criminal activity: the museum purchased it in 1931. It is a beautiful work, sir. Arthur Evans called her Our Lady of Sports, you know, another interesting thing here is the fact that she's wearing this gold Cod piece now that the Cod piece is in fact a penis sleeve oh, not entirely appropriate. , not entirely appropriate, and it is also interesting that most of the The ivories that appeared in the early 20th century AD. They are female figures because they were looking for representations of a prominent female deity, her mother goddess, and that is probably why he called her Our Lady of Sports because she is a direct reference to the Virgin.

Mary, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, two ivory figures from the Minoan period were part of the collection until recently. Now they have been banished to the archives, a great humiliation forthe snake goddess, so what made you suspicious, especially strange, is the damage to her face, the right left side that you can see, has been cut off and has ivory scales, this is what Ivory does, but the features that survive there focus on what survives, but if that damage took place after carving rather than before carving, what survives should be asymmetrical or damaged, the scientific analyzes are quite interesting and I was very surprised when they came back.

If the figurine is ancient, the ivory should date to around 1450 BC. C., when the results came in, they were really surprising because they came back in 1450. But AD, not BC, so the ivory that was tested, if not a corrupt sample, is too recent to be ancient Minoan ivory. Who do you think recovered it? It would have to be someone who is very familiar with the archaeological material. I think the father. My son's team, Giro, who worked for Evans and had a very profitable replica manufacturing business, was well positioned to create fakes like this. Jerome Eisenberg believes this research confirms his views.

I attended an exhibition of ancient art in Boston and Cambridge and was amazed at how many pieces were fakes between 1958 and 1965. I bought about forty thousand pieces and of them about 22,000 came from Egypt and I became quite adept at spotting fakes. . Our museum visitors admired a sophisticated forgery as Jerome Heisenberg claims. However, recent archaeological discoveries could indicate that the disk is genuine. A bronze ax is also kept in Heraklian. On the head of the double ax there are three lines with overlapping signs engraved on them. Linguistic experts like Gareth Owens see a parallel here with the symbols stamped on the disc Gareth Owens and his colleagues have retreated within sight of ancient Phaistos to solve the last mystery of Europe's oldest writing now believes they have finally achieved the great progress and consider that the texts on the disk can be deciphered and read What we have here is definitely a Minoan prayer because we find these words.

Elsewhere in Minoan Crete there have not been any prayers to a goddess either. My suspicion is that it might be the Minoan astati and equatoria, which is the key word in the first. Justice could well mean pregnant goddess. It is known that ikwe in Linear B is the word for goddess and Korean curia could be the word for pregnant. This would not be surprising if we think that the words on the Phaistos disk were also found on the tops of mountains where the Minoans made tamata dedications to the goddess on the top of the mountains, another attribute of astati she is the queen of the mountain Mount yuktas Towers above the Colossus the mountain is a magical place the father of the gods Zeus is said to be buried here for thousands of years people have been attracted to the mountain peak which from a distance resembles a sleeping man Gareth Owens also repeatedly returns to this place on one side of the mountain a three-nave Orthodox chapel was built.

The foreigners later discovered that in the same place there was a sacred elephus with three rascals. During the Minoan period, about 4,000 years ago, it is fascinating to look at the offerings and think that what the Orthodox Greeks are doing today is similar to what the Minoans would do 36 centuries ago. People do not change. They worry about the same thing. There is continuity. People are worried about their health. they are asking for help from a higher power and some of the words that have been found in the Minoan inscription on the Holy Mountain itself on a very small libation offering that they were making at that time and they were dedicating with body parts but at that time they did of clay, not only silver, have also been found on the B side of the Phaistos disk not long ago a seemingly insignificant sacrificial bowl was discovered.

Linguistic symbols that had not been found before are engraved on it. They are almost identical to those on side B. The record forger a hundred years ago could not have known these signs. Does this mean the record is now accepted as genuine? Hello, the face of the disk is a problem. The clay is not the same clay found in Crete. We don't know where it is. It comes from clay because we have no analysis of it and the museum will not allow us to perform any tests on the disc or even manipulate it abroad. Rumors have begun to circulate in the Egyptian Museum that the bust of the beautiful Nefertiti is a fake.

A scientific investigation will provide a definitive answer despite the high risk of moving the precious object with great care and extensive security measures. The highlight of the museum is taken to the Berlin Charity Hospital, here the bust of the woman who refuses to be the most beautiful of all is subjected to a CT scan, the test so important for the island of museums of Berlin is now available the world famous bust is not a forgery of modern times the risk and expense has been worth it the Halle museum is also posed with a problem the museum houses what it believes to be a sensational object the Nebra celestial disk a bronze disc adorned with representations of the celestial bodies in gold this incredible find was brought to light by grave robbers there are now claims that the disc could be a forgery an analysis using scientific techniques will resolve the matter an extensive study is carried out technician at the Bessie particle accelerator in Berlin, by using high-intensity What about the discus, which is the main attraction in Heraklian on the centenary of the discovery of the discus? 1908 to 2008 I wrote to the director of the museum again and he told me that since it is a national treasure it cannot be touched or moved and if it turns out to be a forger it would be a disaster for tourism, even year after year millions of tourists come to the island from Crete.

Tourism is the most important commercial activity that ensures half of the total. The income from the island of Knossos confronted us and the museum in Hiraklian is a huge public attraction. Important characteristics of this mega business. Critical questions are not welcome. Therefore, an air of suspicion continues to hang over the collection at the National Museum. It's the beautiful one. world of the Minoans here represented a mere invention devised by Arthur Evans and Luigi Pernier put into practice by the Jirongs at one time the Girons created the saffron collector Fresco from a few fragments finds additional evidence, however, that the figure depicted here was actually a the monkey Jerome Eisenberg has no doubt about it the facets disk is fake and Luigi Pannier is a swindler he needed funds for the excavation he also wanted the glory of having discovered a famous piece so he went for the glory and for cash Arthur Evans also complained that he always needed funds and that his discoveries and colossi helped him get the rich to contribute money.

Arthur Evans was able to make his dream come true for four decades. His very personal vision of the King's Palace grew less in Crete. He also worked for the fame of the British Empire at the end of his life he could call himself Sir Arthur Evans, even if critics call Colossus Disneyland, every year millions of visitors today walk through the structures made of plaster and concrete, however , some archaeologists Advocate for dismantling Evans Colossus is this and this is how people imagine the Known World in the year 1900 the reputation of the gilirons deserves to be restored because our way of judging art history from a modern perspective as if it were in a courtroom and condemning him is unfair when it comes to any type of scientific work, the moment of its creation must always be taken into account.

The fact that the fines of Heinrich Schliemann and Arthur Evans have had such resonance is partly due to the work of the jiroms. They have also had a crucial influence on our image of Europe's first high culture - the idea that King Minos' Crete was a paradise on Earth and his subjects were peaceful art lovers like his father Emil Giron Jr. was never accused of. of any art forgery. He started a business. In Athens, this family business successfully produced copies of ancient objects up to modern times and confronted us. Gareth Owens has almost achieved his goal after decades of working on the mysterious album.

For him, The Desk is one of the most important examples of Old Scripts. We like to think that we are offering a reading that is safer than what has been offered in the past and we hope that people will take advantage of that to move on to the next stage, which is trying to understand. Jerome Eisenberg refuses to be distracted. Because of the success of Gareth Owen I still believe that it is 100% forgery, I have no doubt that the suspicions over decades about the authenticity of his album did not seem to harm Penier's career as an archaeologist for 30 years he carried out research and He faced us ignoring all the doubts and all the skeptics