Voltaire - Über die Toleranz (Lesung)

It is well known how expensive the dogmatic disputes of Christians have been for humanity. Blood has been shed in battles and isolations from the 4th century to the present day. Perhaps a brief and faithful presentation of all this misery will open the eyes of some people who are not informed enough to touch the hearts of respected people, when the minds of the people began to be enlightened by the revival of science, people generally He complained about abuses and everyone must admit that this complaint was well-founded. Pope Alexander VI had publicly purchased the triple crown and shared with his five honest sons among them the advantages of the same.

His son the Cardinal Duke of Borgia, in agreement with the Pope his father, exterminated the families vitali urbino gravina oliver red around 100 more to seize their property and dominions July the second that the same spirit communicated Louis the twelfth handed over his kingdom to the first who wanted to take possession of it and he himself, with the helmet on his head and the armor on his chest, devastated part of it. of Italy with fire and sword. Leo Decimus acted with him to be able to pay for his pleasures and sell food in public markets. Whoever raised their voice against these Rhine thieves was not wrong, at least according to the principles of morality, but because they denied purgatory, which cannot be doubted and which was of great value to the monks because they did not venerate relics.

They must be revered and they brought even more because they attacked highly revered dogmas, which is why they responded to them from the beginning. ordering them to burn. The king who protected and paid them in Germany went to Paris at the head of a procession after which several of these men were executed, they were at the end of a long beam on which was a swing. movably fastened to an upright tree, then a large fire was kindled beneath them, they were dunked in and taken out again, one by one, to make these unfortunates feel good. Little by little the torments of death until they are among the most prolonged and terrifying acts that Barbara Finally, shortly before the death of Francis I, some members of the Parliament of Provence became jealous of the inhabitants of Menthol and the race of the clergy.

The king requested troops to support the execution of 19,000 people in these areas. that they had condemned. 6,000 actually had them strangled without sparing the sex of age and childhood. They turned 30 stains into piles of ashes. These until then unknown people had done very badly that they had been born Waldensians because this was their only crime. They had settled in deserts and mountains for 300 years and made them bear fruit with incredible work. His quiet life as a shepherd recalled the innocence of the first ages of the world. The neighboring cities were no longer known to him by selling the fruits they carried there, they did not know trial or war, they did not defend themselves, they were massacred like timid wild animals that were killed in an enclosure after the death of Francis I, who became better known. for its galleries and misfortunes than for its cruelties.

The princes brought the execution of 1000 heretics the persecuted whose sect had multiplied before the funeral pyre and under the sword of the executioners to arms, anger replaced patience they imitated the cruelty of their enemies new civil wars they worshiped France and a peace of What was even more regrettable than the war was the cause of St. Bartholomew's Night, which has no example in the crime yearbooks. There are those who claim that human tolerance and freedom of conscience are terrible things, but, honestly, they probably once would have brought so much misery, the wrath that the dogmas of the spirit and the abuse of the misunderstood Christian religion in Germany, England and even In Holland they have shed as much blood and caused as much damage as in France and today the religious diversity in these states does not cause the slightest discomfort: the Jew, the Catholic, the Greek, the Lotteran, Calvin is the Anne Baptist of the Mennonites, the Moravian brother and others live in these countries as brothers and each one contributes his own to the well-being of the whole.

Ireland, which has become more populous and richer, will never again see its Catholic citizens worship their Protestant fellow citizens for two months, sacrifice them, bury them alive, hang their mothers on gallows, and tie their daughters to their necks. their mothers, etc. See if they all give up their spirit, you will never again see how pregnant women open their bodies, tear off the half-formed fruit and give it to the dogs, and the pillars accuse how they put a dagger into the hand of their gagged captives and guide them through arm to stab their parents and children in the heart, in the opinion that this will make them murderers of their blues friends and at the same time condemn them by exterminating them to promote the philosophy alone, this sister of religion, disarmed the hands that for so long had been dripping blood from superstition.

The human mind was amazed to awaken from its intoxication at the terrible things that fanaticism had led it to do. Tolerance has never caused a civil war. Intolerance has never caused a civil war and bloodshed has spread across the land. Now judge between these two rivals: the mother who wants her son to be venerable and the mother who abandons him so that he can stay alive. the interest of the nation here and I have due respect for theology. In this article only about the best physical and moral of human society I try to make each reader consider these truths to correct and expand Germany would be a desert covered with the bones of Catholics.

Reformed Lutherans Nanna Baptists who would have annihilated each other if not for the Peace of Westphalia Freedom of conscience would finally have been achieved. We have Jews on the Internet in Bordeaux and in Alsace. We have Lutherans nesting moly. They nest, we can We do not tolerate or keep Calvinists in line in the same way that Catholics are tolerated in London. The more sects there are, the fewer there are. The danger must be guarded by each individual, the crowd weakens them, they are all kept in order by just laws that prohibit tumult, their meetings in July and rebellion and are always reinforced by the executive power.

The religious Zenker Rey is an epidemic disease that is coming to an end. Approaching the plague from which we are cured requires only gentleness. treatment 8 In summary, the interest of the State requires that children who have been rejected return to their parents' home with modesty. Humanity demands that reason advise it and politics should not be afraid of it. Nature is right. Nature is right, it teaches. Every person who has raised her child owes him respect as her father and gratitude to him as a benefactor. He who has worked the land with his hands has the right to its products, he who has made or received a promise must fulfill it. and can demand that human right be respected cannot be based on anything other than natural law and the great principle of both throughout the earth is what you do not want done to you, you do not do it according to this principle but it is not clear how A person can tell another believe what I believe and what you cannot believe or they will kill you, that is what they say in Portugal, in Spain and in several other countries. , people now try to express prayer as I believe or I hate I believe or I hurt you as much as I can, monster, you don't have my religion, then you have no religion, you must be an abomination to your neighbors in your city in the province that you hate and this In turn, the one cursed by the Asiana would have to follow the gangs that would then attack the inhabitants of India again.

A Mongolian would have to rip his heart out of his body the first time. "When he found the bar. The Malabars would have the right to strangle the Persians, the Persians, the Turks and all together they would attack the Christians who have been destroying each other for so long. The right to intolerance is as unreasonable as it is barbaric. The right of the tigers is even more terrible than this: the tigers tear themselves apart only to satisfy their hunger, I say this with disgust, but it is true that we, only Christians, are persecutors, executioners and morels, and against whom, against our Brothers, we have in our hands the crucifix or the Bible, destroyed in 100 cities, we have not stopped shedding blood, spilling and lighting pyres from the reign of Constantine onwards before the fury of the cannibals who inhabited the Cévennes, then we will begin to put in practicing the true principles of humanity.

How can we, I would like to say, have the impudence to accuse the pagans of having made martyrs for so long, if we are guilty of the same cruelty in the same circumstances and admit that the Romans executed For many Christians just for the sake of religion, then this behavior of the Romans is very worthy of digestion. If we want to commit injustice, we want to blame them for their persecutions and be persecutors ourselves. Now if someone was dishonest or enthusiastic. It is enough to object, why do you develop our errors and mistakes here? Why do you throw our false miracles and false virtues into the past?

They are food for the piety of many people. There are necessary errors. They do not enter the body. wrong ulcer that would result in the destruction of the entire body, I would answer the following: all the false miracles, which shake faith in the true ones, all the false legends that are added to the truths of the gospel serve to strengthen religion in the hearts of the people to eradicate various people who would like to learn for themselves and do not have time to learn for themselves completely they say that my teachers deceived me that is why there is no religion I prefer to throw myself into the arms of nature rather than from error I prefer to be guided by natural law than depend on people's mistakes, others go even further.

They see that fraud has surrounded them. They no longer want to tolerate the siege of truth and are leaning towards atheism. So people become corrupted because some of them have been false and cruel, but how should each citizen be allowed to trust only in his own reason and believe only what this enlightened or deceived reason tells him? He should be allowed to do so as long as he does not disturb the public peace. Because it is not up to the people to believe or not to believe, but rather it is up to them to show respect for the customs of their country, he said, but it is a crime not to believe in the dominant religion, that is why you accuse the first Christians of your ancestors and justify the pagans who They had them executed, he answers me that all religions are the work of man and only the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church is the work of God, but seriously our church must govern because it is divine through hatred, anger, rebuke, looting, Captivity. , torment, torture and murder and through gratitude, testimonies against God for all this.

The Christian religion here is divine. The less the person has to command it, if it is from God, then they will receive God's action without our help. Only intolerance produces hypocrites or rebels, a sad alternative and if we want to vindicate the religion of a god who has died in the hands of lazy people and if the persecution of those with whom we argue is a holy act, then it is indisputable that the person who killed to the greatest number of heretics is the greatest saint in paradise To launch dungeons against a fanatic who massacred hundreds of them on Saint Bartholomew's night.

Here is the proof that the successors of Saint Peter with his consistory cannot have theirs. They approved and celebrated and consecrated the act on Saint Bartholomew's Night. Two murderers of the same piety, one who tore the bodies of 24 pregnant Huguenot women and the other only 12, so Jena must be elevated to double glory, just like the fanatics in the Cévennes. We had to believe that they were relatives of the priests, monks and Catholic women who killed them. They have been elevated to glory. It would be truly strange to claim eternal bliss. Now let us see if Christ gave bloody laws and ordained intolerance.

If he built the Inquisition. He skerka and presented the executioners of the car. From there I am not far wrong. There are some passages in the gospel from which the persecuting spirit could conclude that intolerance and compulsive conscience are legitimate. Everything, seeks its justification in the expulsion of the merchants from the temple and from the region of the devil who in the year 2000 hunted unclean animals from a possessed person, but who does not see it? These examples indicate nothing more than the justice of God against rapists of his law. It was disrespectful to the house of the Lord that his patio became a general store.

Almost all of Christ's other actions preach meekness, patience and forbearance He is the father of the family recovers the lost son he is the one who pays the worker who arrives at the last hour like everyone else he is the charitable Samaritan he himself defends his disciples Because they do not fast, he forgives the sinner, he contents himself with recommending loyalty to the adulteress, he leaves himself alone, worthy of participating in the innocent joys of the wedding of Cana and since the guests, already excited by the wine, wanted even more, he performed a miracle for please them and turned back. water in the pastures.

He did not burst into impetuosity against users who wanted to betray him. He never ordained Peter. This is difficult to use. He rebukes the sons of cbd oz who, following the example of Elijah, wanted to pray fire from heaven. demolish a city that did not have them. If you can compare a human being, his death has, in human terms, a lot of similarity with the death ofSocrates. The Greek philosopher died because of the hatred of the priests, the sophists and the first of his people, the legislator of the Christians, who was subject to the hatred of the scribes, Pharisees and priests to avoid death and did not want Christ to sacrifice himself.

Voluntarily, the Greek philosopher not only forgave his slanderers and unjust judges but even asked them to treat their children like him if they became as happy as him to deserve his infinite hatred. The Christian legislator asked his father to distribute them among his enemies. He seemed to be afraid of death when the fear of death caused the drops of blood he had endured to sweat, an extremely violent and unusual symptom, thus he submitted to all the weakness of the human body that he had assumed, he taught us that true strength and Greatness is in tolerating evil because our nature is subject to it.

It takes tremendous courage to face death if it is feared. Now I ask, is tolerance or intolerance a divine right? Do you want to become like Christ? martyred but not hanged, does not require great art, nor sought-after eloquence. to demonstrate that Christians have a duty to tolerate each other. I go further, I say, you have to look at all people as your brothers, like the Turk, my brother, the Chinese, the Jews, the Siamese, a brother, yes Trustworthy because aren't we all children of the same father? Didn't a god create us? Not only is it cruel to persecute those who think differently than us in this short life, but it also seems very daring to declare them. condemned forever, it seems to me atoms of a moment How we should not anticipate God's judgments.

I am far from denying the teachings of the church. Outside the church there is no salvation. I have respect for him, as well as for everything. teaches, but do you know all the ways of God and the full extent of his mercy? It is not as legitimate to hope in him as it is to fear him. It is not enough to remain loyal to the church. A single person must usurp it. the rights of the deity and even before they decide the eternal destiny of all people when we have a king of Sweden and Denmark, England and Prussia were created, then we say we cry for a reprobate who will burn forever in hell in Europe.

There are 40 million people who do not belong to the Roman Church. To each of them we should say: Lord, because you will inevitably be condemned. I don't like that you neither eat nor drink nor negotiate nor deal with any Frenchmen. The envoy who presents himself to the grandparents will think in the deepest part of his heart that his highness will be burned for all eternity and will not be burned because he has undergone circumcision. He will actually believe that the great volcano is a mortal enemy of God and the object. of his revenge is how Canada talks to him if you were to send him to the sultan how can you have anything to do with such a person what duty of civil life can you fulfill against him if you are firmly convinced that you are a sectarian who worships a merciful God has to do with a reprobate when your heart has been cruel when you worship him whose whole law consists of these words, love God and your neighbor and you have burdened this pure and holy law with min offices and incomprehensible quarrels You have lit the torch of discord, pray for a word, pray for a single letter, when you have linked eternal punishments to the omission of a few words from some ceremonies that other people could not know, so valuable with tears that I tell you for the good of humanity to me in that day when God will judge all men according to their works I see the dead of antiquity and our time appear before him, you are sure that our creator our father is also wise and virtuous Confucius to the legislator Solon to Pythagoras salons Socratis Plato to the Divine Anton to you for the three good years to Tito the good taste of the human race to Pictet to many others who have been models of humanity Ford will say, monster enters duration and eternal strength, infinite punishments, your torment be eternal as I am and you, My beloved, who died according to the prescribed formulas, come here to my right and participate in my kingdom and my happiness.

Look back at these words. and after they have escaped me I have nothing more to say to you, I no longer turn to people, God of all beings and of all times, when weak creatures who are lost in the immeasurable and are not even noticed for others. parts of the universe can ask you for something, poet, you have given everything to yourself whose laws are changing and eternal, look with compassion at the errors of our nature, do not allow these errors to become our misery, did you not give us your heart, which let us hate each other, without hands, let us strangle each other, let us help each other to bear the weight of short and fleeting life, let the small differences between the conditions of our weak bodies under our incomplete tongues under our customs ridiculous our deficient laws our foolish opinions under all states so separated in our eyes and so equal before you that all these small deviations of the atoms that are called human beings do not resolve signs of hatred and persecution There will be those who light wax candles in the light of the day to honor you, those who endure the light of your sun, those who cover their garments with a white canvas to tell you that you should be loved, not detest those who do the same under a cloak of black wool says that it does not matter if one prays to you in an ancient language or in a new set of words, that those whose clothes are red or violet and those who have a small particle of a small pile of these specks of dust.

They reign and possess a few rounded pieces of a certain metal without pride, enjoying what they call greatness and wealth and that others do not envy them because they know that among the vanities of this life there is nothing worth envying and being proud of. others To be in this, all men would like to remember that they are brothers, all would like to abhor the tyranny over the soul as well as the robbery on the roads that deprives them of the fruits of their work and their quiet industry. Wars are inevitable, so let us be within the framework of peace, without hating or tearing each other apart, let us take advantage of the moment of our existence in the same way in a thousand other different languages, from Siam to California, to praise your goodness that has given us given this moment