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Naming Covalent Molecular Compounds

Feb 22, 2020
let's see how to write names for

compounds

like these that are made of two nonmetals nonmetals are the elements to the right of the ladder on the periodic table now

compounds

like these that are made of one nonmetal and another nonmetal two nonmetals are They are called

covalent

or

molecular

compounds and that is because the elements that are in them are held together by

covalent

bonds and are held together in groups called molecules. Now the way we name covalent or

molecular

compounds is different from how we name ionic compounds. Ionic compounds contain a metal. and a non-metal, metals are the elements here on the periodic table and I've written in some of the most common examples of ionic compounds and how we name them are things like calcium fluoride and iron II oxide, so if you have to To name a compound, the first thing you need to do is find out what type of elements it contains, if the compound is made of a metal and a non-metal, it is an ionic compound.
naming covalent molecular compounds
I have a ton of videos on how to name I in a compound and how to write formulas for them if you need to name a compound that is made of a nonmetal and another nonmetal, well, make it a covalent or molecular compound and

naming

them is what This video will focus. Well, here is our first chemical formula #2 or 3. made of two non-metals, we are going to write a name for it by following these steps, so here is the first one that says: for the first element, start with the name of the element, what I'm talking, the first element, I'm talking about the order in which these elements are in this chemical formula, so the first element here is nitrogen n, so it says start with the name of the element, okay, so I'm going to put nitrogen, that's the element name here now for the second element, so here's the oxygen for the the second element starts with the name IDE now the name IDE is the version of the element name that ends in IDE these are in actually the same names that we use to name negative ions so we have oxygen here, we're going to use its IDE name which is oxide, okay, so we have nitrogen and we have oxide.
naming covalent molecular compounds

More Interesting Facts About,

naming covalent molecular compounds...

Now use prefixes to show how many of each type of atoms there are. The prefixes here is a list of them, they are like these little labels that we put in front of each name to tell us. how many atoms of each type do we have, so n 2 we have two nitrogens, which means we want to use this prefix to die, so put it in front of the element name dinitrogen now or 3, which means we have three oxygens, so i' I'm going to use the prefix tri here and I'm going to write it in front of oxide, so the name of this compound is dinitrogen trioxide, we put the name of the element here, we put the name IBE here and then we use the prefixes to indicate how many atoms of each one. type we have let's look at some more examples P for s 10 okay, for the first element we will start with the name of the element P is phosphorus if you didn't know you can look it up in the periodic table for the second element that's here, start with a name IDE, so s is sulfur and its IDE name is sulfide, okay those are the two names, now we are going to use prefixes to show how many atoms of each type we have, we have P four, that means we have four phosphorus atoms, so four is tetra , we use the prefix tetra tetra and then four sulfide, we have ten, so we'll use this prefix deca deca, so the name of this compound is tetra phosphorus, deca sulfide, let's go ahead, let's add a couple more steps to deal with formulas more complex, this is the next step we are going to talk about.
naming covalent molecular compounds
Don't use mono in the first element. I'm going to show you what this means by

naming

this formula. Start normally so for the first element start with the element name which is carbon and then the second element which is fluorine we use the name IE which in this case is fluoride okay now we come to the prefixed part and this is where everything changes a little, which is why he says not to use mono in the first carbon element. We only have one of them here, so you might want to use mono and put it in front of here, that would be a perfectly logical thing to do, but for some reason.
naming covalent molecular compounds
We don't use mono in the first element if there's only one of them, we just leave it like that, you don't put anything in there, so we have a carbon, we'll just call it carbon and then fluorine here in front. of fluoride I'll prefix it like I would any other time, so I have four of these fluorine, so I'll call it tetratetrafluoride, so carbon tetrafluoride, not monocarbon tetrafluoride, just carbon tetrafluoride is what we call it because if you have just one of the first element, you don't use anything pcl5, let's call it p, the first element is phosphorus CL, the second element is chlorine and chlorine, the IDE name is chloride, so there it is, now we come to the prefixes phosphorus, here we only have one of them, so we won't use mono here, we'll just keep it as phosphorus and chlorine.
We have five of those, so we'll use ten two here as a prefix, so it'll be Penta. Phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus pentachloride, not monophosphorus pentachloride, just phosphorus pentachloride, that's what we call this. Now there is one more step that we are going to add. I'll talk about that below. Okay, there is one more step to take into account. I'll show you as I work on this example, okay, CL 2 or so the first element here CL is chlorine and oh, here's oxygen, its IDE name is oxide, okay, so now the next thing I'm going to do is 'I'm going to use these prefixes, so I have two chlorines, so I'm going to use dye for two up here and then rust.
I have seven of those, so I'm going to use the prefix hepta. Now try to say the name of the compound we have. Dichlorine Heptoxide You hear hep dioxide is a little awkward to pronounce, so to avoid us coming up with these really weird names, there's one more rule and that is if you have o or o or turn it into oh, that means we have this heptoxide here , so To make this easier to pronounce, we turn the a o that we see there into just an O, so I'm going to get rid of that a and I'm going to turn this compound name into chlorine heptoxide. so not heptoxide, just heptoxide, so get rid of that, if it's next to an O, let's make one more P 406 so that phosphorus P is our first element and then oh, we have oxide, which is an identifying name for oxygen here. now let's use the prefixes let's switch to our prefix table here we have four phosphorus so we'll use the prefix tetra so tetra tetra phosphorus and then for oxygen we have six of those so we'll use hexa here and just like that Before we're done with this weird one hexagonal oxide name, we get an AO, so let's get rid of this soup.
I always like to get that name out of the way, hexagonal oxide, and that makes it tetra phosphorus hexagonal oxide. I know I forgot to circle the name and the last one and this is very satisfying, so I did it very slowly to make up for the fact that I didn't circle the last one, so we get rid of this, we get rid of this. Tetraphosphorus hexoxide here, so I wanted one more example that includes examples of all of this. It's like a good review of all these things. Here is our latest formula. This is a really good review.
It's just CO, so the first element is carbon. The second element is oxygen, its name is oxide. Well now for the carbon prefixes we only have one, so remember not to put anything in front of it, we just call it carbon, but we have one, oh and if you have one. of the second element you use a prefix, so we use the prefix mono here, so mono now mono rust gives us the same kind of weird pronunciation that an oo gives us here, so let's get rid of this, oh, I'm Let's try not to mention this name here, oh, just a little bit really good and we call it.
We changed the name from monooxide to carbon monoxide, which is probably something you've heard of before. Here's just quick information on how to change these prefixes to avoid an awkward pronunciation problem, we actually only have this problem with rust because it starts in O, so we get rid of the O here in mono and we get monoxide, so we don't have to worry about the serious attempt so that it doesn't end in aro and then for all these other ones from 4 to 10 we get rid of all these A's, so we get tetroxide pentoxide hexoxide heptoxide oxide non-oxide and oxide Dec this is how we name covalent or molecular compounds with two nonmetals simply follow each of these steps.
One thing to note is that this monkey for the first element really confuses a lot of people, so remember not to use mono if there is only one of the first element. Keep this in mind and try to avoid writing names that have really awkward pronunciations with an o or o Oh, make it an o, keep these things in mind, you should be good to go.

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