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La guerra anglo-española (1585-1604) en 13 minutos

Mar 16, 2024
That people chair like you are, I'm Peter and first of all I wanted to thank Academia Play from the bottom of my heart for the opportunity to be here today bringing on their channel one of their super interesting bits of history as I usually do on my channel as well, Peter's lair the topic What we are going to discuss today is perhaps because of the large number of relevant events that one of my favorites in the history of Spain condensed, as you may have seen in the title, if I am going to talk to you about the Anglo-Spanish War, a conflict that took place between a thousand 585 and

1604

and which fiercely confronted for almost two decades the Spain of Philip the Second and the England of Elizabeth the First and like every event it had causes because Philip the Second decided to directly confront Elizabeth the First of England because it could basically be summarized in several Political factors of an economic nature and also of a religious nature, in the first place, the outbreak of commercial rivalry in the West Indies weighed heavily, that is, America, where Spain had a real wealth at an economic level and where it maintained a monopoly in exchanges, later and In many territories rich in precious metals such as Mexico or Peru, the second is the continuous interference and aggression with royal permission of the British privateers on the Spanish ships on the Atlantic routes through the famous letters of marque that Drake and Hopkins among others made famous.
la guerra anglo espa ola 1585 1604 en 13 minutos
Thirdly, the help of the English fleet to the independence rebels also generated reasons for enmity. The English interference in the War of Flanders had essentially political reasons since intervening there was a way of permanently destabilizing that territory that at that time still belonged to the crown. Hispanic and lastly the persecution of the Catholic cult in English lands, now Anglican, also weighed heavily, which is why Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius the Fifth in 1570. Philip the Second, in tune with the papacy, signed it in 1584 and known as the Treaty of Jamie, where He committed to fighting anywhere on the planet to defend the Catholic cult and put an end to Protestant dissidence and having said this within this context of political tension, Drake's expedition to the West Indies in

1585

was the one that detonated the open war between Spain. and england, this attack represented a turning point not only in international relations but also in the actions of the privateers since it was not a simple action of pillage but rather it was a complex attack by a naval squadron despite the fact that they remained in position. secret the names of the investors who financed this expedition, most likely they were various important English figures and the queen of England herself who provided a ship, the air or the late drive, left on September 24 from Primus and its first stop was the lands Galician where he looted some ships and agreed to a truce with the governor to obtain supplies.
la guerra anglo espa ola 1585 1604 en 13 minutos

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la guerra anglo espa ola 1585 1604 en 13 minutos...

He headed to the Canary Islands attacking La Palma but was repelled thanks to the early warning system. Having failed in his objective of Santa Cruz de La Palma, he headed to El Hierro where The bad temporary conditions prevented him from fully supplying himself. After this, he left for the Cape Verde archipelago and there he managed to take Ribeira Grande. Afterwards, they sailed to the Caribbean where the English privateer managed to take and plunder Santo Domingo, Cartagena de Indias, San Agustín. After the journey, Drake acquired the image of a national hero and an invincible leader, these attacks evidently angered Philip the Second, who, rejecting the idea of ​​tolerating this English attitude, decided to create a large fleet with the mission of invading England and expelling Elizabeth from the throne in 1587 after two years of skirmishes and Continuous friction between both countries in England, a key event took place, the execution of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots after being accused of treason and conspiracy.
la guerra anglo espa ola 1585 1604 en 13 minutos
The fulfillment of this sentence caused great commotion among the European reality as well as among the Catholic community of the old eastern continent. A fact that immediately reacted to Philip the Second's interest in claiming his dynastic rights in England, since it must be remembered that he was king consort of this country during the reign of Elizabeth's sister, also called Mary, in this case of the House of Tudor, also precipitated the reaction of the papacy now occupied by the sixth fifth, which took it as a real outrage, giving Philip permission to invade the island, restore Catholicism and forcibly depose Isabel.
la guerra anglo espa ola 1585 1604 en 13 minutos
If at that time, if you wanted to invade or seize any territory, you had to ask permission to the pontiff to avoid ending things badly with him, especially if you are a Catholic, of course, if he was a Protestant, then it didn't matter to you a little bit with all this drive happened again in the middle of that year along the coasts of the peninsula to gain weight Once again, the Spanish monarch destroyed dozens of ships of the fleet that were anchored in Cádiz and Lisbon. He also successfully attacked some fortresses located in the Algar de Portugues and captured a Spanish ship loaded with gold and silver in the authors precious metals that evidently Spain did not see again, in fact, as is believed, and Isabel, thanks to her spies, learned of Philip's invasion plans and that is why she sent her favorite privateer to do the greatest damage and in the process delay the Spanish invasion of the city as much as possible. island and in fact it did, the training of those ships forced the king's plans to be delayed for quite some time, so much so that they were dated a year later in 1588.
After this, a new plan was tried and a large fleet was redesigned in Spanish ports that was known as The large and very happy armada formed by approximately 30 ships that left Lisbon under the command of the seventh Duke of Medina Sidonia Alonso Pérez de Guzmán who before all this had tried to decline the leadership of the company related to the previous one, it is worth saying that At first, the Spanish fleet was going to be led by Álvaro de Bazán, who had never lost a combat in his life, but in February 1988 he died.
The Spanish fleet met the English fleet led by Charles Howard in front of the English Channel. waiting for the arrival of reinforcements from Flanders, however, the lack of coordination between the Spanish commands was used by the English to frustrate the Spanish intention to reunite the fleet of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the army of the Duke of Parma Alejandro Funes Felipe had chosen a strategic option that not yet the proposal of the late Álvaro de Bazán of a direct invasion from Spain and that of Alejandro Farnese who proposed rapid action by the army of Flanders on England but when the ships arrived the troops stationed in Belgium were not prepared due to the difficulties in the communicates the most notable confrontation of this campaign was the battle of gravelines that took place on August 8, 1588 after the previous day the English had launched burning ships on the armada in Kale, causing the Spanish ships to disperse across the sea from the north, alonso pérez de guzmán had no choice but to recognize his defeat and retreat just after a sudden storm forced him to go around the British Isles to return to a safe harbor and disastrous weather conditions at sea caused many of the Spanish vessels to shipwreck after This became famous in Philip the Second's phrase that said, "I send my ships to fight against men, not against the elements.
However, contrary to what one might think, the Spanish losses were not as catastrophic as the clashes have been made to believe for a long time." and above all the abrupt return, it is estimated that only 37 ships were lost, the rest returning back to Spain, although some historians expand the figures, these events caused the displeasure and, above all, the anger of the king, who had to see it as his dream of invasion and revenge. It faded away for itself without also forgetting the sarcasm of the English who in an ironic tone began to call that armada the invincible if, as it sounds, one of the most famous names in the history of Spain was invented by the English, although they today They no longer usually use it with all the previous ones, we reached 1,589, a moment in which the emboldened and grown-up English decided to take the initiative and attack the peninsular coasts again, taking advantage of the Spanish maritime weakness after the disaster of the previous year, once again Francis Drake, although accompanied This time, John Norris decided to attack La Coruña.
There, the English were defeated thanks to the heroic defense of the city, in which the famous action of María Pita took place, who, according to legend, pierced an English officer with a pike who stirred up spirits. of his soldiers, after this setback, sailed towards Lisbon where they were also rejected in their attack on the city. Norris attempted the assault but Drive was unable to enter battle. Finally, the first had to retreat and the English fleet was pursued as an important fact, nor were the troops stationed there. nor did the civilian population mutiny against the Spanish as intended by the English who supported Antonio Prior decreed in the claim to the Portuguese throne occupied by Philip the Second himself since 1580.
This entire episode was known as the failure of the armed contra in In this English case, Drake left for Spain with approximately 180 ships and ended up losing a figure that ranged between 40 and 50. However, despite having been a disaster very similar to the Spanish one just a year before, little or nothing is known about it in culture. popular curious truth after two events the war softened for a time, not going beyond specific attacks by privateers such as those of provancher and hopkins on the Spanish commercial fleet that sailed towards the indies in the atlantes in this sense it should be noted that a sophisticated and powerful defense and escort system for these commercial convoys that on many occasions dissuaded and dispersed organized groups of pirates and buccaneers in their intentions to attack, thereby managing to maintain commercial hegemony overseas for Spain for several more decades a few years later in the last months of 1595 and the first of 1596 hawkins and drive yes both again attacked las palmas de gran canarias where they emerged scalded heading towards american lands with the intention of attacking and plundering puerto rico and panama however this time the spanish forces They were much finer and had prior knowledge of the intentions of both corsairs thanks to this, when both arrived in the Caribbean they found places prepared and ready to defend themselves so much that both met death there.
The first eye kings died in the battle of San Juan. Although it is not known whether due to illness in the English version or due to a cannon shot in the Spanish version, the second trade died during the attack on Panama in January 1596. In this case, where there seems to be consensus between versions, the victim of dysentery, after these events, there was some confrontation. more between both contenders in Atlantic waters but not in the draft and the relevance of the previous Philip the Second could not see the end of the conflict because his death in 1598 caused his son Philip the Third to pick up the baton of the hostilities, however he was in favor. of the end of the war from the first months of its king, in fact in 1600 the Spanish initiative, peace talks took place in the French town of Boulogne sur Mér, which sadly ended up being a real disaster after several more battles not very relevant in the global context. of the conflict in which the Spanish defeats and the English defeats were shared.
The death of Elizabeth in March 1603 paved the way to peace. Her successor, James the First, Stuart, shared the same desires for peace as Philip the Third, especially due to the tremendous depletion of the coffers. public that had caused the long confrontation between both countries, the peace negotiations that put an end to the non-Spanish war took place in the English capital, London, specifically in Somerset House, which is why this event is known, worth the redundancy, as the Somerset Conference. house, there the famous treaty of london was signed on august 28,

1604

, which in overall terms was much more beneficial for spain than for england itself since it undertook to stop providing aid to the dutch rebels and stop their interruptions to trade and Spanish transatlantic transport, on the other hand, stopped demanding a Catholic monarch on the English throne, thus recognizing the Protestant monarchy.
In addition, the English Channel was opened to the Spanish and ships from both countries began to be able to use continental ports, which finally denoted after all. This Philip the Third undertook a policy of pacification in all the territories of the Hispanic crown, baptized by the English historian John Elliot as pax hispánica, a very representative example of which was the signing in 1609 of the Truce of Antwerp or the Truce of the 12 Years with the rebels in the netherlands and this is where the video ends I hope you liked this piece of historical event that academy play has allowed me to bring you today to their channel once that has been said leave your opinions in the comments additional data I don't know anything that If you would like to contribute, it will surely help to enrich this video much more and of course do not forget to subscribe to his channel which is certainly worth it.
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