Egyptian Museum Cairo TOUR - 4K with Captions *NEW!*

Welcome to the Egyptian Museum, located in Cairo Egypt, which houses the largest collection of Egyptian antiquities in the world. Housed in a building built in 1901, it is the largest

museum

in Africa. Admission costs 200 Egyptian pounds, or about $6.50. A video ticket I bought costs 300 Egyptian pounds. The

museum

has two floors and is rectangular in shape with a large room in the middle. We will walk through the first floor, enter each room, and then move to the second floor at time 1:24:41. This room contains artifacts from the Predynastic (6000 - 3000 BC) to the Early Dynastic (2920 - 2544 BC). This is the Narmer Palette, which dates from approximately 3100 BC.

C. and is carved from a dark greenish-gray siltstone. The palette contains some of the oldest hieroglyphic inscriptions ever found and has been considered "the world's first historical document." To our left is a strange and unique object known as the Sabu Disk, or Trilobed Disk, which was found in the tomb of Prince Sabu in 1936. This strange disk was carved from rock! Prince Sabu's tomb dates back to 3,000 BC. approximately C., which makes the disk at least 5,000 years old. Many believe that the disc was part of some type of mechanism, while others think it was simply a decorative bowl or vase.

It is also believed to be a stone reproduction of an even earlier metal disc. The reason for its existence remains a mystery to this day, but the museum exhibit states that it is a "vase, uniquely shaped, intended to be mounted on a pole, and possibly intended to hold lotus flowers." The artifacts in the Central Hall come from the Middle Kingdom (1980 - 1760 BC) to the New Kingdom (1539 - 1077 BC). Here is the pyramidion of Amenemhat III, the cornerstone that once crowned the Black Pyramid in Dashur, Egypt. It was discovered in 1900, partially buried in the sand next to the pyramid.

The cornerstone was carved from basalt around 1850 BC. C.... almost 4,000 years before it was found in the sand. These sarcophagi are stone containers and each contained a different coffin, usually made of wood. Very few pyramids (pyramid cap stones) have survived to modern times. The Egyptian Museum was first established in 1835. The objects were moved from one place to another over the following decades until they were moved here, in Tahrir Square, in 1901. A new Grand Egyptian Museum has been under construction for several years and It's almost finished. It is expected to open in November 2023. The construction cost of the new museum is estimated at $1.03 billion and it will be the largest archaeological museum in the world.

The new museum is located near the Great Pyramid of Giza. Hopefully the artifacts in the new museum will have labels and descriptions. Most of the artifacts in this museum do not. At the other end of the hall is the colossal statue of Amenhotep III and Tiye. The statue dates back to 1360 BC. C. and was originally located in Medinet Habu, in the west of Thebes. The statue belonged to the mortuary temple of Amenhotep III, which has since been largely destroyed, but in its time it was the largest temple complex in Thebes, surpassing even the temple of Karnak.

Because it was built too close to the floodplain, less than two hundred years later it was already in ruins and most of its stones were reused by later pharaohs for their own construction projects. It is a small room between the Central Hall and the exterior corridor that surrounds the museum. This is a group of statues of Ramses 2 between the goddesses Isis and Hathor, made of granite. The Department of Antiquities operated from 1902 a sales room in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo in room 56 on the ground floor. Original works of art from ancient Egypt and other original artifacts were sold in that room.

Additionally, until the 1970s, dealers or collectors could bring antiquities to the Cairo Museum for inspection on Thursdays. If museum officials had no objections, they could package them in ready-made boxes, seal them, and clear them for export. Many objects now in private collections or public museums originated here. After years of debate over the strategy for selling the antiquities, the sales room was closed in November 1979. Construction of the new Grand Egyptian Museum began in 2012 and since then the Egyptian government has begun transferring thousands of items from the museum to the new museum. It is a floor painting depicting a fish pond, birds in flight and a row of men with bows.

It dates back to 1370 BC. This is the red quartzite sarcophagus of Queen Hatshepsut. It is polished on all sides and decorated with finely carved scenes in one of the hardest stones used by Egyptian artists. In January 2023, an excavation team in Egypt unearthed an ancient tomb containing a mummy believed to be 4,300 years old. It is among dozens of recently discovered artifacts. Dozens of new cemeteries have recently been discovered and are in the process of being excavated. Hopefully, these new artifacts will be displayed in the new museum. It is a reproduction of the Rosetta Stone next to a bust of Champollion, a French scholar best known as the inventor of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

The Rosetta Stone has a message written in three types of writing: hieroglyphic, demotic and ancient Greek. This is a bust of Zeus, part of the new Greco-Roman exhibit. Although the Grand Egyptian Museum has been getting all the attention lately, this museum is not going away. In fact, February 2023 marked the completion of a three-year renovation project, which renovated the museum's exhibition system, including the lighting and display cases in some of the gallery's rooms and hallways. The Egyptian Museum is the oldest museum of Egyptian antiquities in the world and has been an icon of ancient Egyptian civilization for 120 years.

It doesn't disappear. Now there will simply be TWO museums here in Cairo. "Each of them has its own nature and complements each other," said Ali Abdel, director of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (EMC). Two of the museum's main exhibits, the Room of Royal Mummies and the Mask of Tutankhamun, will remain in this museum. This is the lid of the granite sarcophagus of the dwarf Djeho, discovered in Saqqara by James Quibell in 1911. Djeho was a dancer in funerary ceremonies linked to the sacred bulls Apis and Memphis. The size is natural size. This is a reconstruction of the stele that the Rosetta Stone was originally a part of.

The original Rosetta Stone is in the British Museum, where it has been since 1802. Some have called for the Rosetta Stone to be returned to Egypt, but the stone isn't going anywhere. Room 50, along with most of the rooms along the next corridor, contains artifacts dating to the Third Intermediate Period and the late Greco-Roman period. As we walk down the hallway, room numbers are assigned to each room, as is the hallway area in front of each room. We now enter room 45, with room 44 to our left. It is the head of a Gallic warrior, made of marble in Roman times, between 30 BC. and 364 AD.

Although much of the head has been broken, it is still easy to recognize the warrior's sense of pain conveyed by his frown, crooked head, and disheveled hair. The Gauls inhabited the region of the ancient Roman Empire, specifically the area corresponding to present-day France, Belgium, the south of the Netherlands, Switzerland, northern Italy and Germany west of the Rhine River. This is room 35. This is a statue of Amenirdis, who had the title of wife of the god Amun during the XXIV Dynasty. The headdress depicts a vulture on the left, representing the goddess Nekhbet of Upper Egypt and a cobra in the center, representing the goddess Wadjet of Lower Egypt.

This is a group statue of Pa-shery-n-ta-isui and his wife Nefrt-iy-u and his son Ash-akhet. a-shery-n-ta-isui was mayor of Xois Khasut, present-day Sakha in Kafr El-Sheikh. This group of statues depicts Osiris seated on the right, Hathor, depicted as a cow, protecting Psammetichus, and Isis seated with a discus. located between two cow horns. This is a statue of the goddess Thoueris, from the 26th dynasty, 664-525 BC. It shows the goddess as a hippopotamus on the claws of a lion. https://www.stone-ideas.com/44365/institut-du-monde-arabe-paris-osiris-sunken-mysteries-of-egypt/osiris-paris15-6/#:~:text=She%20was% 20the%20goddess%20who%20lived%20in%20the%20Nile%2C%20associated%20with%20the%20black%20silt%20fertilizing%20the%20earth.

Be sure to click the link in the video description to see an animated map of this

tour

along with other photographs and artifact descriptions. Now we have entered the New Kingdom Exposition. The New Kingdom, also known as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 16th century BC. and the 11th century BC. This period covers the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties of Egypt. The beginning of the New Kingdom began around 1570 BC. The 18th Dynasty included some of Egypt's most famous kings, including Ahmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamun.

This is a statue of Horus (left) and Seth (right) singing to Ramses III. It is a statue of Anubis kneeling greeting the rising sun. This is Horus, one of the many falcon-headed gods of the Egyptian Pantheon. This statue depicts Ramses II as a child under the protection of a falcon god named Horun, a deity of Mount Lebanon. Ramesses II built many important monuments, including the archaeological complex of Abu Simbel and the mortuary temple known as Ramesseum. Ramses II erected more colossal statues of himself than any other pharaoh, and also took over many existing statues by inscribing his own cartouche on them.

Ramses II was also known for the large number of children he had by his various wives and concubines; The tomb he built for his children (many of whom survived) in the Valley of the Kings turned out to be the largest funerary complex in Egypt. These large and small statues are of Akhenaten, the tenth ruler of the 18th Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV. This tomb, known as KV55, was discovered in 1907 in the Valley of the Kings. The artifacts inside the tomb appeared to be linked to several different individuals, so the investigation was unsure who they were.

In 2010, scientists declared that it was Akhenaten himself. This painted limestone slab shows the royal family worshiping the sun disk. This is an unfinished head of Queen Nefertiti, the royal wife of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten). These canopied jars were used in the mummification process to store and preserve their owner's organs for the afterlife. The last "great" pharaoh of the New Kingdom is generally considered to have been Ramesses III, a pharaoh of the 20th Dynasty who ruled several decades after Ramesses II. This granite sphinx is a portrait of Hatshepsut with the elegant feminine features of all statues of her.

It was one of several that once stood in Hatshepsut's mortuary temple. Sphinx statues continued to be produced throughout ancient Egyptian history and were popular during the New Kingdom. Six colossal granite sphinxes, in varying degrees of preservation, are believed to have come from Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari. This is the painted limestone head of Queen Hatshepsut, from one of the twenty-four colossal statues of Osiris that adorn the portico of the third terrace of her mortuary temple at Deir el Bahari. Hatshepsut was the sister and wife of Thutmose II and became the fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.

The face of this statue was broken in ancient times and found in the 1960s. The torso was found at the beginning of the 20th century. This is a statue of King Thutmose III. This is a statue of Thutmose IV with his mother Tia. Unfortunately, even during the day the lighting in these rooms is very poor. This is a block image of Senenmut and Princess Neferure. This is Hathor, a cow-shaped goddess who protects Amenhotep II, standing beneath her neck. The statue is part of the sanctuary, a heavenly vault. The color of the inside of the safe is all original.

This is a statue of Pharaoh Amenemhat III, found at the site of the ancient Fayoum capital, Shedet. This is room 22, not room 2. This is a life-size seated statue of King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II, considered the reunifier of Egypt after the First Intermediate Period. This room contains some of the most important masterpieces on the ground floor, the statues of Rahotep and Nofret. Note the distinction in the color of its skin, which is well preserved. Rahotep may have been the son of King Senefru and therefore the brother of King Khufu. It was discovered in 1871. There is a door to room 37 in the wall to our left, but it is blocked today.

The two parts of this bronze statue were discovered in the Temple of Horus and date from the 6th Dynasty, 2345 BC. to 2181 BC Here is a realistic sycamore figurine with white quartz and resin eyes from the Fifth Dynasty, representing a khry-heb, or reading priest, called Ka-aper. He was responsible for transcribing religious texts and reciting hymns in the temple and at ritual festivals. The statue is carved ina single piece of sycamore. The arms were ancient additions and the legs are modern restorations. This room also contains another masterpiece, the Statue of Khafre, one of the most important sculptures of ancient Egypt.

If you've been to the Sphinx or watched my Sphinx video, you may remember a room in the Valley Temple that had 23 indentations in the floor. It is one of 23 identical statues that once stood in that room you are walking through before walking up the ramp to see the Sphinx. This small statue is the only remaining representation of the builder of the Great Pyramid, Khufu, making this statue approximately 4,600 years old. Each of them is a statue of the Triad of Pharaoh Menkaura, accompanied by the goddess Hathor (to the right of her) and to the left of her was a local southern goddess.

She had the local goddess of the south sit on this left to show that he was also the ruler of the south. Outside the door is the statue of the Seated Scribe. I should have gone inside to get a closer look. I'm sorry. This is a limestone statue of Djoser (Zoser), the oldest known life-size royal statue found in Egypt. The seated, almost life-size figure has lost its original inlaid eyes, but remains impressive in a tight-fitting tunic and striped scarf over an enormous wig. We have almost completed the full

tour

of the ground floor of the museum.

The entrance hall is directly opposite. This area of ​​the Upper Floor is full of sarcophagi and funerary goods. This is the Animal Mummy room. Some pets were buried with their owners while others were mummified as a sacrifice or because they were sacred animals. The desiccation process lasted forty days and the complete mummification lasted seventy days. Animal mummies show that ancient fauna was much richer and more diverse than that found in Egypt today. These are mummies of the large Nile crocodile that was once very common during Pharaonic times, but is no longer present in the Nile. Examining animal mummies can also provide information about veterinary practices in Pharaonic times, as well as on the degree of domestication of certain animals.

These are mummies of rams, animals consecrated to the god Khnum on the Elephantine Island (Aswan), placed on their knees like a sphinx and with their heads decorated with gold cardboard. Here you can see the mummy of a hunting dog found in tomb KV50 near the tomb of King Amenhotep II (18th Dynasty). We are directly above the entrance hall. In this room you can see the different layers that together form a complete sarcophagus. These are the coffins of Padiamun, from the 21st Dynasty, between 1076-952 BC. Padiamun was a priest of Amun who was buried in the Bab el-Gusus hideout in two yellow coffins with a mummy plaque.

This is the inner coffin and mummy plate of Meritamun, a singer from the temple of Amun, daughter of the High Priest of Amun. We will walk the perimeter of the Upper Floor and we will be back at this point in an hour and a half. :) This entire corridor contains sarcophagi and funerary furniture, while the adjacent rooms contain funerary goods. However, this room is the only one in this room that contains predynastic and early dynastic artifacts. A central priority of ancient Egyptian religion was the protection of the body after death. A preserved body was one of the elements necessary to transform the deceased into an effective spirit, an akh, who would live in the afterlife.

As part of this need for protection, Egyptians who could afford it would ensure that their mummified remains were placed in a coffin. Although expensive, coffins were considered a key component of the funerary ensemble and are found in tombs from the predynastic period to the Greco-Roman era and beyond. In the beginning, the coffin was considered the eternal home of the deceased. In the Old Kingdom, rectangular chests were often built to imitate the built-in niches associated with elaborate, walled dwellings. This form reflects the belief that the deceased lived in the tomb and received offerings from surviving relatives. These early coffins were generally unadorned, but in the later Old Kingdom they had simple sacrificial formulas inscribed on them.

A pair of wadjet eyes and finally an image of a "false door" painted on the outside provided additional magical aid in exiting the coffin and grave to receive offerings. These decorated rectangular coffins were popular until the end of the Middle Kingdom, when they were replaced by carved, anthropoid (human-shaped) coffins. The anthropoid form decorated with a large pair of wings was used for royal and non-royal coffins during the Second Intermediate Period. These coffins were also dressed with a headdress, necklace, and often a false beard that reflected the owner's image of Osiris. In the Ramesside period of Osiris, the anthropoid features remained, but the solar elements of the religion seem to be integrated by transitioning to a yellow background.

These are headrests made of alabaster and wood. For the Egyptians, these boats were an important part of their religious and funerary equipment. During the Middle Kingdom period, wealthy Egyptians were often buried with small models of the main activities of their estates, such as granaries, slaughterhouses, and breweries. The models showed that their owners were rich and successful during their lives. Model ships were believed to carry the dead to the afterlife. The Egyptians preserved the corpse so that it could regain physical movement in the afterlife. They brought expensive amulets and other personal items, including models of funerary ships, to the grave because they believed they would help them in the afterlife.

They wished to be reborn and live again with the god Osiris, king of the afterlife, who sailed through the night sky. Boats were common in everyday life along the Nile, so it was natural for the Egyptians to assume they would need them in the afterlife. As part of the burial ritual, each body was taken on a boat across the Nile before burial. It is believed to reflect the journey of the soul, from life to the afterlife. This room has funerary objects from the Valley of the Kings. Those labels are not written in English, so I'm not sure what they are.

This room contains funerary goods from the tomb of Sen-nedjemand and his family in Deir el Medina. This mask and sarcophagus come from the tomb of the "Servant in the Place of Truth", which was discovered in 1886. The burial chamber was found practically intact, a great rarity in the Theban Necropolis. In total 20 mummies were found. Although there is no definitive date for the tomb or the objects it contains, many of the contents found in the tomb are believed to date back to the 19th or 20th dynasty and were sold to. United States and Germany This is the beginning of the King Tut exhibition, which begins with the first sanctuary of Tutankhamun.

Here, next to the shrine, is the room containing King Tut's famous golden death mask, but cameras are not allowed. inside.This is the Canopic Naos (gold chest), which contains the internal organs of Tutankhamun.These are the Canopic jars that contain the viscera of the dead pharaoh (internal organs - contains lungs, stomach, intestines and liver). It was one of two wooden statues guarding the sealed entrance to Tutankhamun's burial chamber. On his feet he wears solid gold slippers. This is King Tut's golden throne. The colors have not faded for three thousand years, which serves as a testament to the great skill of the ancient Egyptian craftsmen.

It was found beneath Hippo's funerary bed in the antechamber of Tutankhamun's tomb. The back of the throne, which we cannot see very well, shows one of the most famous and intimate scenes in the history of art. It is a wooden chest that contained Tutankhamun's personal belongings, such as a pair of papyrus sandals, headrests, necklaces and clothing. It is a shrine to the god Anubis located behind the unwalled entrance leading from the Burial Chamber to the Treasury. Behind was the large canopied sanctuary containing the king's coffin and jars. The statue of Anubis, represented in animal form as a light fox, is fixed to the ceiling of the sanctuary.

The statue of Anubis was wrapped in a linen shirt that dates back to the seventh year of Pharaoh Akhenaten's reign, according to an ink inscription on it. It is an elaborately decorated coffin that probably contained clothing for ceremonial occasions, but had already been looted before Carter could explore its contents. This is Tut's ceremonial throne, which once held a cushion and was inlaid with ebony and ivory. It is often called "Tutankhamun's ecclesiastical throne" in association with the episcopal thrones of the Middle Ages in Europe. The label on this display reads: "Woman's Mom with Portrait." It is the mummy of a child covered in gold.

Now we're going to walk down this inner hallway and then continue down the outer hallway, from one room to another. Egyptian sandals were made of papyrus and other materials, including leather and wood. Wooden sandals were made specifically to be buried with the deceased and were common in the Middle Kingdom. There are no dates on these sandals. Now we are going to enter the room that contains the artifacts from Yuya and Thuya's tomb. Yuya and Tuya lived in ancient Egypt during the 18th Dynasty and were the parents of Queen Tiya (wife of Amenhotep III), meaning their status was higher than that of ordinary Egyptians.

Before the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb, his tomb (KV46) was one of the most famous in Egypt. The room contains the artifacts from KV46, while each side room contains artifacts from other areas. This is the Fayoum Portrait room, which contains one of the most famous works of art from ancient Egypt, the painting of the Two Brothers. Commonly known as mummy portraits, these Fayoum mummy paintings have been found throughout Egypt. They illustrate the features, clothing and hairstyle of the deceased, are placed over the mummy's face and secured with parts of the outer covering. This is a real funeral mask.

In his book Stranger in the Valley of the Kings, Ahmed Osman suggested an identification between Joseph, the ancient Hebrew patriarch who led the tribe of Israel to Egypt during a famine, and Yuya. Ahmed Osman argued that the pharaoh at the time was Thutmose IV and identified Joseph as the Egyptian figure Yuya. This is the hall of deities with statues of gods and goddesses. The gods of ancient Egypt were an integral part of ancient Egyptian religion and were worshiped for millennia. Many of them governed natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts. These gods and goddesses appear in virtually every aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization, and more than 1,500 of them are known by name.

Many Egyptian texts mention the names of gods without indicating their character or function, while other texts refer to specific gods without even naming them, making it difficult to compile a complete list of them. Over the centuries, hundreds of different gods and goddesses were worshiped in Egypt, and many of them waxed and waned in popularity. Osiris, god of the underworld, symbolized death and resurrection in Ancient Egypt. Goddess of the Moon, protector of women and children, healer of the sick, Isis was the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. Horus was a man with the head of a falcon and was worshiped as the god of the sky and war.

Set was the god of chaos, violence, deserts and storms. Archaeologists have not been able to determine which creature represented Set. He is usually shown with long, square ears and a long snout. It is a sight unlike any creature that has walked the earth during Egyptian times or since. Here, at the end of the hall, is the statue of the priest Djedhor, a revered saint. This statue acted as a source of medicine and is a combination of a healing statue and a cippus. The statue is inscribed with healing and protective texts. Water or wine was poured over the text, which then gained the power of the words and was then drunk as a cure.

The statue dates back to approximately 323 BC. Like many other ancient Egyptian artifacts, the black statue was believed to be under a spell. Sobek was a crocodile-headed man who is said to have created the mighty Nile River with his sweat when he helped Ra create the world. Ra was the most important god of Ancient Egypt. Ra was the creator god. Ptah was the most important of the three gods known as the Memphis Triad, along with his lion-headed wife Sekhmet and his son Nefertum. Often depicted as a cow or a cow-headed woman, Hathor was the goddess of motherhood and fertility.

Anubis is one of the most recognizable figures in Egyptian mythology. The god had the striking black head of a jackal and was primarily associated with death and the afterlife. Amun was originally worshiped as the God of the Sky, but after a military victory for the rulers of Thebes, the legend of him merged with that of the Sun God Re. Geb was the God of the Earth and the Father of Serpents. This is Yuya's outer coffin that rested inside the large sarcophagus we saw at the beginning of this room. This is the outer coffin of Thuya, which was richly gilded, that is, covered with paint or gold leaf.

Eachsarcophagus contained one outer coffin and two inner coffins. A funeral mask was then placed over Yuya and Thuya's face. This is the room of the Papyri and Ostraca. An ostraca is a fragment (like pottery) that contains an inscription. Here are the royal mummies of Yuya and Thuya in their final inner coffins. You may want to search online for images of Yuya and Thuya's mummies. It's hard to see them behind the glare of the glass in this dark room. We will see their funerary masks at the end of this room. This is part of the treasure found next to their graves.

The artifacts in this room belong to the daily life of Egyptians. Is it the tools that built the pyramids and carved the giant obelisks? Hmm, I wonder. These are hair combs. This extremely well-preserved car probably belonged to Yuya, although it does not have any inscriptions. The frame of the wakajit is semicircular; the floor covered in leather. Each of the wheels is made up of two pieces of bent wood joined with leather straps. The pole in front of the cabin is approximately 2m long. This is the Vases and Figurines room. If you've ever been to a large museum like this, then you know that there comes a point where everything starts to look the same and you start to go through the artifacts faster.

I'm trying really hard to stay interested here. :) Yuya's mummy mask is made of several layers of natural linen, glued together and covered with plaster. The interior is bituminous and the exterior is gold. The eyes, eyebrows and eyelashes are inlaid: the eyes are made of white marble and obsidian, the eyelashes and eyebrows are made of blue crystal. The dark areas of the Thuya mask come from the canvas that adheres to the outer layer due to the oils and resins used by ancient priests to anoint the mummy. Until I researched these subtitles, I just assumed these masks were really gold.

This is the Tile and Figurine room, the last room in the hallway. This artifact is a sistrum or rattle associated with Hathor, goddess of music. The three rings on each suit were the source of the noise. Now we have to walk through the entrance hall and the opposite hallway and exit through the gift shop. If you enjoyed this tour, leave a LIKE on this video to learn about the Youtube algorithm. This is a signal to YouTube that they should promote the video. I'd appreciate it. Thank you! Well...so I stopped here and bought about 30 postcards with the intention of sending them to my members and sponsors. ....they are still in the shoe box.

I'm sorry. 😬 Thanks for watching this tour! Leave a comment below and let me know where I should film a walking tour next. Bye bye! Bye bye!