Marine Biologist Answers Fish Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED

I'm Professor Cory Evans, I study

fish

, let's answer some

questions

from the internet, this is the

marine

biology

support

at gab. The Savage 6 question is Finding Nemo, an accurate representation of ocean life, yes, and nothing they got right is what clowns do. In fact, they live on enemies and are in fact immune to enemy bites. One thing that is quite different is that clown

fish

can actually change sex, so in the movie Nemo's mother is eaten and in real life after he eats a female clown or dies, the male larger will become a female, so Marlin in Finding Nemo would have actually become a female clown and would have laid her own clutch of eggs probably in the next week or two, so another thing that's different is Bruce the shark, so in the movie Bruce the shark is a male shark, but if you look closely, Bruce the shark doesn't have claws.

The clamps are the male intermittent organ. Sharks have their own pelvic fins. They are basically two very long penises, clear as death and Bruce is not. i have them so Bruce is

tech

nically maybe a female shark and Do G's movement is silent since why is white sand different from brown sand? White sand is usually derived from the shells of other animals. The shells break down through wave action or through animal feeding and different brown sand and that is typically the result of rocks that have eroded over time, most of the white sand comes from a very unlikely and the fact is that parrotfish feed on coral skeletons and when they excrete it, they excrete it as this beautiful fine white sand.

Much of the white sand you see is derived from par fish excrement. A single pa of fish can produce 450 kg of sand per year, so that's a lot of excrement, a lot of sand. In Meer win he asks how schools of fish swim. harmony, so to answer that question we have to talk about the sensory systems of fish, so all fish for the most part have what we call a lateral line structure, which is just a long line going from the head to the tail and is covered with what we call mechanical receptors, these are small hair cells that can detect changes in water pressure.

So if you ever try to catch a fish with your hand, even if it's not facing you, it usually moves away from you and that's because when you put your hand in the water, you push the water into these line cells. side and the fish knows where you are without even looking. Usually in a school of fish, one fish usually responds to the movements of the fish right next to it, so when this fish moves, we are going to push the water towards the lateral line of that fish and if you repeat that on a really large scale, that's how you get these really nice harmonious, synchronized movements between schools of fish, swimming in schools makes it easier to move through the water, water is what we call highly viscous, so when you have something in front of you that is breaking, the flow in the distribution of the water makes it easier for what is behind to swim in musoka.

Mike 2 asks why orcas attack boats. The short answer is that they don't. They want them there, they are trying to move the boats out of the way and the boats generally disturb their

marine

environments. Humans generally have a very long history of messing with whales, especially from boats. Humans basically wiped out most of the whale populations in the Atlantic through these whaling ships. The only thing about orcas is that they have a kind of culture like humans. They have the ability to transmit information to subsequent generations without having to pass it on through their genes. Some orcas actually have fashion.

There was a trend in which an orca. started wearing a fish as a hat and later the other killer whales in the pods also started wearing fish hats and then this trend jumped to other killer whale PODS who also tried the fish hat trend in Red's CPS, did you? What is the fastest sea creature? Google not Google needed The fastest sea creature in the ocean is the sailfish. These fish can reach up to 50 m per hour. Many of the fastest sea creatures are warm-blooded. What we call endothermic. Tuna are famous for their warm blood. These animals are also tall. -Swimmers speed about 40 mph for a tuna in Michigan.

A fool asked a serious question where shells come from. Does marine life make them and then abandon them? All shells come from animals, usually invertebrate animals that basically put them on for protection and things like this conch. Shell that is actually the remnant of a very large snail. Marine invertebrates over the past 300 million years have developed the ability to absorb minerals from seawater and their food. Limestone or calcium carbonate and build them into these very elaborate exoskeletons. Sometimes you will find shells. that have holes in the top, this typically comes from a marine predator, such as boring snails.

Well, they will actually punch a hole in the shell of this animal and consume it. Some shells are actually very pretty and you may be tempted to choose an example here. It is the shell of the cone snail, but the animal that lives in them is incredibly dangerous. The cone snail is actually a poisonous snail. We have no antidote for its poison. If disturbed, they will shoot a harpoon filled with venom into the snail's pocket. person who probably put the shell in his pocket, so even though they are beautiful, some shells should stay on George's beach M6 834 969 question: A starfish doesn't have a brain, so how does it know it's hungry?

The short answer to this question is Let's assume that a starfish is always hungry because they are most likely voracious predators. The starfish has no brain, so it has no centralized decision-making center. However, each arm is packed with sensory structures and each arm will basically test the water and once is enough. Some kind of tentacles start pointing towards where the food is, the whole animal then moves its body in that direction once a starfish lands on something it wants to eat, let's say this clan for example, it will actually force the shell of that clam to open. a little bit and it will insert its stomach into the shell of the clam, so it will expel the stomach from its own body into the shell of this clam, where it will then digest the clam inside its own shell and then bring the stomach back inside. of them when they finish feeding on neon Gundam asks how can a Mana shrimp see more colors than me.

You're telling me that there is a color called blurry that I can't see. Brell covets man science and shrimp yes, shrimp Mana. and many other aquatic animals have the ability to see many more colors than we do because they have more photoreceptors in their eyes, so the mantis shrimp can see well in the ultraviolet spectrum. I'm not even sure this is the craziest thing about mantis shrimp. Some mantis shrimp have the ability to strike so fast that it looks like a fast movement when they strike, that their actual blow and the club tear apart the water molecules and when the water molecules rush to fill that space that has been created, it causes them to boil. at a really very high speed. high temperatures inside this small bubble of boiling water temperatures can reach and exceed the surface temperature of the Sun on the dynamic web page question so zealously of anglerfish times, why didn't I evolve with a built-in night reading lamp?

The short answer is because you didn't evolve in the deep ocean and you don't have to put food in your mouth, so on the head of the monkfish there is a fin on top that has transformed into a lore and a fisherman. deep water. Fish, this tradition is bioluminescent, so it lights up and they use it to attract prey. What this anglerfish will do is sit there in the middle of the water column with this illuminated lure in front of your face and the fish will come in. Thinking it's food and then they themselves will become food.

Wonderbot asked what the most intelligent animal in the sea is. It's hard to compare intelligence, but I would probably say that dolphins have the ability to pass the mirror test, which is being able to recognize themselves. in the mirror other examples include octopuses some octopuses are able to solve maze problems to find food also fun fact many octopuses have the ability to quickly change their color to match their surroundings in JPB under ask how do octopuses change the color of their skin actually has the ability to see or perceive the color of the background on which they are sitting and that information is somehow transmitted to the chromator is that it lives under the skin each chromator contains a pigment there may be a blue pigment a red pigment and a yellow pigment, they can quickly change the distribution of these pigments in their skin, it allows them to quickly change color and they have fine scale control over each of these pigment cells in Mr.

McKenzie sd5 asks how can you tell the age of a fish, so fish generally have indeterminate growth, however, there is a way to tell it is a 3D printed fish skull. There are a couple of bones in the back of the skull here that are called oolites. They're under the skull, but if you took them out, you'd find these really pretty coin-shaped bones that have these concentric growth rings around them, so fish put these growth rings on their bones very similar to how they do. trees do, so you can count the rings on the fishbone like you would on a tree in the exodus.

Danny asks. Fried fish today at my grandmother's house, fish with bones and fish without bones, yes, that's how I classify my fish, that's how I also classify my fish, so it turns out that you can actually classify a lot of vertebrate diversity in these really clear categories of bony fish. and boneless fish that all vertebrates have. Jaws can be divided into two distinct categories, so there are cartilaginous fish which are sharks, rays and the rare chimera, and then there are bony fish which include trout, frogs, cats, dogs and you and me, yes even you and I.

Biologists often classify humans and mammals in general as a group of organisms within the larger clay of bony fishes in cpf Channer asks if all fish have similar numbers SL types of fins and what these fins are called. Some of the common fins you can see are these. Pectoral fins on the side Pectoral fins in general are often used in floating behaviors, so they are seen in fish that live in coral reefs, so things like rasses and triggerfish often flap their pectoral fins to float over a structure to further investigate whatever it is. living in it the fins on the top are generally called dorsal fins the front dorsal fin is particularly interesting because they are often adapted to poisonous spines sometimes even fatal in the case of the stonefish in the case of this small Nile perch it looks like a dorsal fin continuous, but basically there is a skin connection between the front spiny rays of the dorsal fin and the posterior rays of the plumose dosal fin.

This rear fin is called a hug fin and is used to generate thrust if a fish tries to escape. Tap this tail fin to help it move quickly in NIV write question: does coral count as an animal? It's so alive and so pretty that it's actually an animal and it's also alive and so pretty. They are closely related to jellyfish, but instead float. In the ocean they build these complex limestone skeletons, so you can see these little holes and pockmarks inside the coral skeleton and that's where the individual pops live, so in life this coral would be very, very colorful, However, this particular skeleton bleaches, so when corals become stressed.

Due to the higher temperatures in the ocean, they will expel the algae that they keep within their tissues and basically have no way to feed and will starve over the course of the next few weeks, losing these reefs, which can happen very, very quickly. will have catastrophic effects on tropical diversity around the world, so ways to prevent this include reducing global temperatures, taking climate change seriously in general and, in some very isolated cases, pumping cold seawater back to corals in Elizabeth Rush asks how the goblin shark eats without its nose getting in the way Goblin sharks have very elongated rostrums or noses that they use to detect other animals in the water column in order to feed, they actually have to stick out the mouth of the nose to catch its prey and bring it back.

If you simply try to bite something underwater, you will actually push it away from you, which is why many animals have developed the ability to protrude their mouths and generate suction to draw prey towards them. Another is the sling jaw. Ras, they have theability to stand out. its jaw up to a third of its total body length to attract evasive prey and then retract it. Add Jameson Rich to Ask. Never forget that there is a creature on this Earth that was discovered and named by people of science as the vampire squid from hell. So yes, vampire squids are real, they are something that were discovered in the late 1890s on the Valdiva Expedition.

If you dropped a net thinking there was no life at the bottom of the ocean and pulled out that vampire squid, you'd call it. the vampire hell squid too, contrary to their appearance, which can be quite terrifying, these animals have basically made a living doing nothing, they live in areas with minimal oxygen in the ocean, so they rarely move and They feed primarily on food scraps that basically float from the surface in jaquel 882776280 are quite real culverts that have existed for 13 million years and in that time have evolved a wide variety of body forms typically associated with camouflage.

There are things like the Leafy Sea Dragon that looks like a Seahorses are terrible swimmers, some of the worst at moving around, as they have developed these prehensile tales that allow them to basically wrap their tails around structures so they can stay still. The seahorse is perhaps most famous for the fact that it is the male seahorse. gives birth, the female will transfer her eggs to the male seahorse's incubation pouch and then when the eggs hatch, the male seahorse will give birth to the little babies Mr. Brandon White asks. Which is the best? defense mechanism at sea?

My favorite defense mechanism in the sea is actually electricity. This is seen in torpedo beams and stargazers, many times if you pick them up you will be surprised at the way they are able to hit. you are using these modified muscle cells that have evolved to be able to generate an electrical current for some electric fish, for example the electric eel, the current can be as strong as 600 volts, the electric eel can drop a horse, but maybe it is the Strangest defense mechanism you'll see in the sea actually comes from hagfish slime. Hagfish slime feels weird, it feels wet, slimy but also stringy, so when you pull it apart it still has some consistency if, for example, a shark comes and takes a bite out of a hagfish before the shark can bite it. the fish will secrete slime and clog the shark's mouth and gills, allowing it to escape in MW srxo asks what do fish breathe in water or air.

Wow, how do they make bubbles down there for the fish? They actually breathe oxygen, they bring oxygen in from the water and extract it with their gills. These gills are very sensitive. They are often one or two cell layers thick. They have to remain very thin to allow gas exchange. The internal structures here. as you can see on the gills they are called gill rakers they will swim through a school of plankton with their mouth open and these gills on the gills will trap the plankton while allowing water to pass in a way that the fish generate bubbles through of its gas splashes. some fish like, for example, the Dojo Loach actually have the ability to release gas from their anus to sink deeper into the water in MJ Dua.

It's crazy how sea creatures know exactly where to go when they migrate. Some marine animals will follow the Earth's magnetic field. Great migrations include the migrations we see in humpback whales as they move from the tropics where they give birth and breed to cooler, temperate feeding grounds where they feed on plankton. Other large migrations include salmon, they grow in fresh water, move to the ocean and then can return to the stream they were born in to reproduce and they do this by following the Earth's magnetic field and also tracking the scent of the stream. in which they were born, Indian science asked what Dio vertical migration is and its role in carbon sequestration.

DI vertical migration is the largest migration on the planet. This happens every night around the world, where plankton will actually rise from the depths. In the oceans there is a mixture of carbon dioxide in the air with water right at the surface. The Plankton plant will basically extract carbon dioxide from the ocean and use this carbon to build their larger bodies. The Plankton will then come and eat these plants. Plankton and then the fish. and other animals will also come and eat the larger plankton and then sink back to the depths taking that carbon with them, so it actually ends up being very important for carbon dioxide sequestration in C4 A1.

Do you ever think about who lives in the Sea in a trench and goes crazy yeah, uh, the Maran trench is the deepest point in the ocean 36,000 feet deep it's deeper than the height of Mount Everest we've actually gotten close to the bottom James Cameron and about six other ocean explorers have taken submersibles deep into the Marianas reach, at that depth the ocean reaches pressures that would basically crush us instantly if we ever went down there, but many animals have evolved to live there and, To do so, vertebrates have generally reduced their bony skeletons. You probably wouldn't find a Megalodon in the depths of the Marianas because Megalodon actually evolved to live in shallow tropical waters like in the Bahamas, but you might find some strange clams in c22.

The boss asks how these bioluminescent waves work. The glow sticks there or these bioluminescent waves are widespread throughout the world. You can find them in places like Puerto Rico. You can also find them on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. They are produced by Plankton and whenever Plankton gets scared or upset. All are released by bioluminescence to disorient predators so that they have small openings in their exoskeletons that allow light to be produced in Neco BK. I asked everyone who knew that jellyfish are immortal, since they never die. It turns out that some jellyfish are actually immortal.

The immortal jellyfish, so called, has the ability to revert to its juvenile stage if it is ever injured or starved, then produce a genetically identical clone of itself to further perpetuate itself. Other animals in the ocean are famous for their long life, the Greenland shark. a great example, these animals can reach 600 years old, many of our large whales can live hundreds and hundreds of years, there are still whales that have the old harpoons from the Harpoon ships still embedded in them, some lobsters can be pretty close to being immortals. Every time a lobster grows, it has to shed its shell.

They are very vulnerable during the shedding process because their soft parts are basically exposed and many animals line up to find scabs that they are shedding, especially once they get older it becomes more difficult to escape from that. shedding the shell, so a lobster that has been alive for 150 years could eventually die in BL by not being able to escape that shell, the lifespan estimates are

tech

nically indefinite because if nothing eats them, they can continue Hannah xgirl. I need to know why. Evolution keeps creating crabs, so we don't know why things keep turning into crabs, but things that aren't crabs keep turning into things that look like crabs.

An example of an animal that evolved into a crab is a hermit crab. Hermit crabs are not true. crabs If you're trying to imagine what a hermit crab looked like before it became a hermit crab, chances are it looked a lot like a shrimp or a very thin lobster, so over the course of tens of millions of years these ancestors of the Hermit crabs began curling their tails up and projecting them at strange angles and also enlarging their claws and eventually came to resemble the crabs we know today in I Am Winter. Ask fish that don't have eyelids, so do they ever sleep?

The answer is yes during the sleeping process in fish part of the brain shuts down but they can still breathe, so you can still see their Gil fins moving. They have a reduced response to stimuli, so you can swim around and basically touch a sleeping fish in many cases. In the case of whales, the patterns are more or less the same part of the brain and it tells them to go up and breathe air and then they will do that and then they will go back down while they sleep. Sperm whales are really famous for This is because they sleep vertically in pods, you can come across a pod of sleeping sperm whales and they look like big tall forests in the middle of the ocean, so that's all the

questions

for today, thanks for watching the

support

of Marine biology.