La Invencible Inglesa o La Contraarmada por Luis Gorrochategui Santos

Guarente, thank you very much for everything because we are going to enter without delay to connect the probably most important fact of arms in the history of news, the massive attack calmly in 1589 first on the colony and then we are going to go on a diet before telling you that I am going to do it tell very briefly and then if there is if there are a few minutes then to resolve the doubts we have to give ourselves a little background so let's go there to Felipe Segundo the 1st of me at 260 963 64 they are going to start getting along quite badly because although England and Spain They had been from the 316th century.

At this moment things are going away because this English queen, incapable of confronting Spain armed with anything else, is going to begin to finance, authorize and be an accomplice to English piratic attacks that began in the 60s and They have been on the rise for more than 20 years. These didactic and English attacks occur in times of peace, which is why they can be called pirates, although on the other hand they are attacks subsidized by the crown. Therefore, it cannot be said that these people will feel like pirates. In case they were the pirates of the rule, Martin, who was the queen herself, this is going to lead Philip the Second to lose patience, although he was a prudent monarch, yes he was, but for a moment he cannot continue tolerating these attacks because they are not the only attacks. but England from 5 rearguard of the Flemish rebels Philip the Second prudence of his grandfather age in fact he was more than Spanish in the Second and they rebel against their legitimate king and Philip the Second lays hands on the one closest to him which is the Spanish army to maintain his suggestion and thus the conflict in Flanders will be generated.

England takes advantage of this conflict to start in 1,585 without any pretense to support the Dutch rebels with a shipment of thousands of soldiers because all things Philip Philip the Second do not me There is no alternative but to put that first on earth to achieve two things, one the cessation of the pirate attacks that will not only sell the Americas but also in Europe and the cessation of English aid to the rebels in Flanders. Apart from this, it was putting Another tremendous thing is that we know Henry had separated from the church among other things to be able to divorce his numerous wives but that he chose to separate from the Catholic Church in reality he was preparing against the will of the majority of the English and the beginning a religious persecution is so many that it will take to the north the two great Moorish seizures the author of authorship there is a fisher one of the heads visible to so many thousands of Catholics it is very striking that the religious persecution at the time of esade first that produced dozens of thousands of deaths if you compare with all the deaths that the inquisition had throughout its history there are 1300 with autos da fe satellite transmission with a lot of propaganda because the acquisition only intended to be exemplary profile first lands more than 20 times more Catholic than The inquisition is curious, many times we study them knowing what happened from the books, but the second had as a third objective to protect the Irish Catholics to degrees and restore religious normality.

Happy, the company of the land sends me the company of England according to the history books, although not the elements but the elements do not have it the company the ptar company nothing had twenty warships twenty galleons of the twenty galleons return 17 85% are lost two according to share as well as other ships to fraga 28 ships almost all of transport in the waters of scotland ireland of the end of the 137 for forests participated of the company in the land called by barkley to all past invincible for me to maximize the episode and ridicule the a little I say that this great fleet company in the land of the 137 ships that I had return to Spain 102 and also the important ones return at level ah of that once this attempt to defend with our piratic attacks occurs and we have been sending this fleet and after the failure of this hostess fleet it fails because they had not put a port deep water from which another amphibious operation begins, discounting the thirds of Flanders, but well, the fleet returns to Spain and although we believe that the boots are a god, people in the face of the time did not doubt it, the fleet knew that it had returned to Spain but the benches come back made the anp wooden arches work the glue he knew how new the boats were that come in poor condition after several months of navigation and with the crews also in very bad condition many dead and scotland so Isabel knows that she has a unique unrepeatable opportunity if launch a massive attack, it is time to restore the flower of Spain using the football simile and if we do it, what would launching it do would also end the great armada that is being repaired in Santander and once Spain no longer has ships in the Atlantic to stay with the season is first to take Portugal to separate Portugal from centralized Spain prior de crato my cousin of Felipe Segundo a bastard suitor with a Portuguese woman that Felipe Segundo had inherited in 1580 and that although Portugal after many intrigues managed to get the French to possess for the reasons suffering a communal dischargers from which Álvaro de Bazán became famous illustration of 1582 983 and in 1589 per prior of treatment he manages to deceive the English with the intention of breaking the civil unity and here Portugal of Spain puts a puppet government in Portugal is what the English wanted, the same thing that 22 French people wanted me and that's 1,589 to depress the call against the armada because it was the replica, it had an armada.

I think it's important that an effort from the backpacks of the 21st century 2010 in 1836, although the world protection england the person the people difference is much greater than what there is now in the opposite direction so knowing he had a fleet to confront they are within what is entrusted to francis drake who was the most recognized of the queen's pirates and john Norris, the admiral, I mean, the most accurate general commander of the Earth at the time of the Earth, commissions these two to charter a fleet of private ships. You don't want to know what he does.

As he always did, he promised them the distribution of the loot, the same thing we have been doing with the pirates have been doing it for almost 30 years, well, they do it now and well, how do you know how a very rich country came from Spain, like the strawberry that arrived in a city that was not smaller than London and much richer, but 26 then, well at At first the English did not want the English did not want to join this fleet because they had already seen the Spanish fight two months before in the call of invincible but in the end they manage to enlist capture 60 making Dutch vows they begin to be located in the quite high number of men then so you have seen everyone in fact in the end there were problems of excess of men in the isolator of the contra armada establishment any case April 29 weather 180 boats permissible had 137 although understand they arrived or stayed in the canal and 27 1,667 men, but with 26,000 men, a fleet larger in ships and men than the famous Invincible at the bow against Spain.

The orders he had were strict. The first was to destroy the great armada that was being repaired in Santander, it was already known that it was Being the Santander market, at first it was thought to be separated from Seville itself, but within a month there was the first order to learn and destroy the great armada under repair. Once done, this is the crucial and this was the objective of not entering anything for that. to destroy Austin the great armada in repair second the second objective of the contra nothing once embraced this he admires Lisbon take disk taking advantage of the wind and tide with rising the tide to the currents in the strait in him in the strait of the uneven locker room are tremendous taking advantage of if the wind blows from it from the west the ships would enter quickly is that we are going to all the English and the Spanish in fact and Lisbon was vulnerable in a frontal attack by more than 20 and tide as I had already said well not the report very Interesting about this topic that is included in the effort it says in the book of arms once Lisbon once this Portuguese claimant was centralized what was left was to go to the Azores to intercept the Indies fleet and fulfill the dream of the land of the Indies with 50 ships one of them a church a dream and thus crucial objectives by the way once the Azores were taken once the 300 rooms of Palencia are already used building they would use on these islands to definitively interrupt the Spanish oceanic transit between America and Spain because as we know the ships run aground against the wind in the stern with full sail the ships went through the canary islands and returned through the azores site of the azores if it becomes an obstacle it is the cargo we of indies in fact the actions are at that time the greatest source of There is wealth on the planet for others in these years with these enormous objectives against evil we knew about April but the product problems begin because only explained the estimated shipowners do not want to go to Santander do not want to be able to understand them and surprise are the Spanish ships of preparation and aside and aside they are waiting for them in the best of cases to kill a frontal attack and they manage to destroy the ships in repair they would have enormous losses and where is the loot where ships the winners take take to the air but I also believe that It has to be Luis.

Let's create it. You can't skip the bullfighter. He orders them to be true because it would be too much. So look for a middle ground. The middle ground is well. Look, neither for you nor for me. Let's go to the column. The column is on the way to Louis. Board is a city. small and she is unprepared also from the clinic a year before the invincible in health we know that the great invincible armada sets sail from Lisbon but then due to logistical problems it has to land in La Coruña and that is the before of the colony from the city from him from The one that is there, therefore, and Coruña was also very symbolic, you destroy the city from which the great armada had approached and you could destroy some of the ships that had arrived there, but the afternoon of the matter was that the attack on Coruña was a solution. of commitment between the saviors write and 30 and not Luis in any case all this is done behind the queen's back, reaching the agreement to present the arrival of La Coruña to the queen as something inevitable due to the dictatorship of the winds and so on but they go directly to La Coruña and each fleet is that on May 4 from this street several Ortega gives priority to a totally disproportionate fleet attacking itself in the atrocities in La Coruña made it very small in 1589 another thousand inhabitants we compare a current demographics it would be a small town the same roof, that's why Felipe Segundo had insisted on putting the royal audience of Galicia in La Coruña and it had already been definitively installed for only ten years so that these seven seconds had been done to democratically enhance such an important stronghold, no map of the world in fact everything was settled here I mean for centuries the Mediterranean had been the center of the means even of the Aragonese Spanish to leave this moment in the document of America turns to the Atlantic and where the plaza was the great passport with the second they could stop to the emerging powers of the north it had to be this and strengthen it and it did it very well because in reality each and every one of the inhabitants of the very few inhabitants in any case the armed counter almost 28,000 men are enough tenacity of four thousand inhabitants in the city It is the fleet that multiplies by seven times eight, for a total schedule of Coruña, it is as if a fleet of one and a half million people fell, how hard the column was not totally unprepared, the Marquis of Cerralbo, governor of Galicia, knew that they could fall on the colony and in fact during the year in the case that passes between the return of dimes and the attack of trajectory the activity in Galicia is completely, especially in the two strongholds that were in limestone at this time that were greater than La Coruña in bayonne the walls are rebuilt the winds run out they build when they buy it the castle of san antón is not finished when drake comes but it was already setting up telleria on the artillery platform it is now ready to be a bastion for construction at full speed castle they know everything the galley slaves are used of the princess galleys, two of the galleys that appear for the great armada and end in la coruña. of ships from Granada that arrived in Galicia because they stayed in Galicia and their garrison, above all, I insist between Bayonne and Coruña but I also closed so many apart from this, the community was a real city.

For me, it was important to maintain this property because so because from these cities of royalengo is from which the royal authority emanated and was decreasing to the old feudalism therefore the royal unit that had some well-trained delights 560 well-trained militia men if we add to these men the 500 men who come from the great army and another 200 that flow from traffickers' towns from Ferrol when they attack when it arrives there, since the campaign of offering 1,200 against this enormous fleet is impossible to prevent the contra armada from entering the rival of La Coruña, although the gesture of San Antonio against culverin mounts cannons long range, probably transfers in childbirth, they don't shoot at me, it's already volatile, they make the contra armada separate from the port of La Coruña, they have to disembark in Goza, it would be more open outside the port, and that's when the English start to have some complications in in any case itsThe numbers are overwhelming and on May 5 La Coruña existed by land on the peninsula and there was a wall four meters high, meaning that it was much narrower than it is now because a lot of land has been gained from the sea, in fact the ism It was much smaller, all the cantons were all of that, it was a continuous plant and the stormy weather could cross the sea from one place to another in Orzán, Valente, Spanish soldiers become strong to stop the attack that was foreseeable on May 5 itself. after an attack on a saint with 4 galleons that is slowly repelled according to attacks in the damage against it with barges against what today are the cantons that was a beach a beach within the walls everything is done at the same time the deafening noise of attack to land makes it impossible to see the second attempt to disembark outside the walls, the first attempt is possible to stop it and 1,500 English soldiers disembark between walls while the other soldiers are defending the same terrible place because life must attack the defenders from behind on this sad night in La Coruña in which the accessories had to by blood and fire and court completely make their way to the city.

The old city was protected by its ancient medieval walls that were half a millennium old but the only solution was the last stronghold where a single possibility of survive and so this terrible May 5 many colonies existed we are corrupt to the tower of hercules many were strong from the tower of hercules and will survive they will see themselves eating eating farms others get the tower of hercules park to take them out of there and many die in combat and others, the majority manage to take refuge in the city that night because hundreds of hundreds of currents die in the armies.

I am the drunken soldiers. In fact, they find 5000 liters of wine reserved for armed forces to reinforce the great navy and for later navies, due to the event, it has already become a base of naval operations, that is, 100 liters of video per English and also the drunkenness came, it was one of the crucial elements to understand what happened there because many get so drunk who did not even wake up were murdered before waking up and others have a hangover that will end up degenerating into gastrointestinal problems but in any case the disproportion is horrible after the looting of the tomasa that the fishmonger carries, all the forces are now focused on the small old town that has a perimeter of 1,100 meters of coast it was really important that it was so small land people of 350 but there all the intervening screws take refuge with you seasonal colony male gender the people of Coruña and the surviving professional troops

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de león grows so much older that those who guided the terrorism of our major communities, I mean there were high-class professional soldiers in La Coruña, Luis de León makes the city function like a third, they distribute in an absolutely meticulous way everything they can, all the available men in the defensive perimeter. women from the extraordinary protagonism from the first minute first women are half of the population at that time more than half of the test France and when things get really bad they are not worth as much as one more man in the case of the missing train In fact, at that time the women are in charge of several things, one of them is maintaining all the logistics of the city so that the men do not have to leave the wall in a second, but not only that, they begin to make an underground mine to test the land front of the upper city with an underground explosion the women are in charge of dismantling the houses within the walls getting an incredible copy of earth and stones to point at the inner side of the walls this is crucial data to understand the survival of the colony and the failure of this front this expedition and so for a week the hotels launch several attacks with stopovers with shots and above all they mine the artillery battery in what was once the convent of Santo Domingo that was in front of the gate of the which was in its time short of air in La Coruña and they begin a converging battery against a point of the wall they want to open two breaches, one through the convergent beating of the artillery and another forward the combined explosion that was played from the corner of the women They get embankment to fabrics during as in a similar way that turns them into medieval walls of nothing like those of the town of Osma cndh medieval years but prior to the performance of the already they turn them into impassable walls to many women worked uninterruptedly four hours a day imagine they are being treated with stones, it arrives on May 24, 1,589 in military terms the study would be more important and the mini 6 are preparing to launch the massive attack and fine so that the war of independence the Compostela students went there to give their lives in defense of the homeland, something that we must remember was not known and is now known.

The Compostela students in 1589 all went to La Coruña to die in defense of their homeland. In fact, they all went there, they wanted to run away, they had to be stopped for a while. little attempt to arm them because in reality people from all over Galicia flocked to defend Coruña. The problem is that it was associated with Coruña. There was no way for the reinforcements to enter. So all these Galician relief troops are going to be part of the relief troops that are going to play a very important role in terms of keeping the English very comfortable in the siege and to the point that on May 16, as we are going to see now, they manage to get it out of the siege and there is a battle but well what happens on May 14 is that they synchronize three simultaneous attacks the afternoon they explode the when the mine explodes what happens the shoring done by the women against the clock the calculation of the English bomb squad and it turns out fatal because they They had calculated it so that the wall would fly inward, but the regular wall is not the internal evaluation because what they have put on the women weighs too much and it cannot fly upwards due to its own weight, so it produces something horrific and that is that When the mine explodes, the morale of the organized inside goes up, but Norris shoots it in the face in a deadly way.

Norrie shoots shrapnel in the face. 200 shock men who go just to begin the assault on the colony synchronized with the wall. Those and others and hundreds of other artificers are already completely buried. This is a fundamental element to understand the miraculous, totally miraculous survival of the colony in such circumstances. Once the rubble has just fallen, it collapses outwards. The cube mined Cuba uses the semicircular structure of those medieval walls, a very bloody function occurs, starring Trunk, his chosen soldiers, sad and Spanish professionals, just at that moment and after a horrific skirmish, the English offensive on the mined cube there was terrible wear and tear on many hundreds more than 600 trying it the women come with everything they have found in the houses they come with boxes as well as with wardrobes with beams of crossbars of the beds they come with everything there is and they manage to close that gap in In any case, in the other, in the gap opened by the beating of the stonework, things appear very different.

After two hours of fighting, there are practically no men left. Radio station, many of these dead, others wounded, and those who are everything will be very laborious, it is not like now that war is waged with a button, it is like that it was done with physical force and so it seems that this national of the column, an ensign climbs into the breach and is already going to enter and at that moment in that moment, a young woman, a young woman called an older woman, who had just seen how her husband was killed, the second husband in office according to the contemporary documents, took a pike, well, what the contained documents say exactly is, and managed to kill the happy Englishman who had followed the gap but where can we exactly what I put it with I think with a pike because that's the most that's the easiest a Spanish pike of those with five meters of base are true like a skewer for one but maybe It wasn't a pike, maybe it was with a sword or something.

What is clear is that that totally crazy young woman, Marc, has fallen off the cliff and at that moment the women enter into combat to the death, a bunch of baby children crying, crying because of the deafening noise. The English had threatened to fight the full rigor of the war. That means, that meant the worst for the population. The worst, then, the women had absolutely nothing to lose. Not only that, but they were fighting for the lives of their children. That is a force of Nature is really pissed off fighting for the lives of her children and that is what actually happened those stones that they had used to point the wall all that was left over looked out and joined in throwing stones with each other. the English, but a cobblestone thrown 37 meters high is better if they shoot you, the best is that they have boiling oil because as if a cobblestone thrown 7 meters high dies and the one under the other one, the forte has to reach that It is terrible, in fact, the English documents say that the soldiers, the English knights, could not resist the rain of stones.

You could say that the English were repelled by the woman to a large extent. In any case, many of them died because he was a target. Very easily, there were many English shooters sweeping the walls so as not to be defended, many of them died, but they managed to regulate the offensive. Not only did they not only rain stones, but many of them entered into combat, entered into combat, and entered into combat. armed with helmets like kidneys husbands norris decides of this wear and tear of his army that had not been for that he decides decides to interrupt in the afternoon apart from this simultaneous attack these two breaches there is a simultaneous attack at the same time on the castle of san antón with 40 boxes some of them equipped with artillery and here there was also an enormous carnage because almost San Antón was well armed and because in addition the old fortress, which is now San Carlos, helped him with the artillery that had been mounted and with the rifles and hunting of in such a way that the fence of La Coruña is surrounded by blood, but they are not able to take what was San Antón, which is happening here, which ends on May 14, and the English have not managed to take La Coruña, since they have not achieved it, they do not have the port of La Coruña. not having the port of la coruña not like they do re-embarkation and a problem for 2006 because the galician relief troops have been doing their thing for 10 days now and every day they leave in detachments from the bridge of the town they go several kilometers into english territory and They are dedicated to making pickles, so Norris knows that on the day of the landing, how the Galicians attack, when half of your army is on the ships, half is still disembarking, it is a very dangerous moment.

With an army without cement, the Galicians attack it. They had already shown signs of their ferocity. It could be dangerous but that does not have to drive the Galicians out of there and on May 16 there was a very unfavorable combat on the bridge of the bridge. The edge is a bridge 100 meters long but only three meters long. three wide, we can see it, although two centuries later, for the French, it was finally taking that bridge when on the opposite side the troops are completely entrenched and there are hundreds of riflemen who are going to shoot, as if they were going to shoot the converging fire against the bridge the first English wave was horribly repelled the second wave, which was even much stronger, was repelled again and in the third wave they were the best they were the brother of honor and they are the knights with their armor it was the body that had England and after a charming fight they get the bridge laborers to work but after having suffered a desperate attempt to set fire to everything they can find to set fire to it by force and others but in any case they can move a little away from the bridge they have to return because They have just defeated them but they know what it has cost them to defeat them and they do not want to go there.

In fact, two central incendiary days are attempted against La Coruña at low tide with sticks with tar, great specialists in these arsonist issues. You forget them because the issue of 20 years Well, they set fire to Spanish cities or threatened to set fire to them to collect the right to burn but they do not succeed because everything is very attentive. They set sail so close to the community after having reaped an absolutely unexpected defeat. Apart from that, they have lost four dead and wounded. thousand men and above all they have been repelled from a microscopic city, truly the exercises that were there were part of the infantry of the world was prepared but even so the armed counter having not only moral military in fact they no longer dare to attack Lisbon frontally They don't dare because in Peniche Drake and Norris are arguing Drake says we are attacking it as planned it is not resisting and I am not going to lower the army to the ground I am going to Lisbon from Peniche I am going from Peniche to Lisbon on foot and that the Portuguese will join the liberation troops norris disembarks in peniche 12,000 men look for a way and if he stays with drake he stays with us in the boats and they begin and this is a catastrophic mistake to divide the forces and also inLisbon there are no 500 old Spanish battery soldiers there are 5000 the result of what you say the advance of the troops of the plate kings of Lisbon was absolutely very costly what the Spanish did was on the one hand this scorched earth ethic the first thing they did not find nothing to supply themselves on the other hand they did not need much to be strategic because the Portuguese were fleeing and scared of the English who chose the English that the Portuguese are going to join they are allowed to joke they had an incredible family of pirates and apart from heretics but well the Spaniards are decadent burned another practice of completely interrupting communications between Drake and Noris anchors in Cascais at the exit of the Lisbon estuary waiting and subjects it to a constant instant constant wear and tear until June 9 they arrived close to arriving near Lisbon there and then the Spaniards decide to make a bloody attack, one aimed at the ones aimed at the ones that were so terrifying at that time that there was a word for me from Spanish called camisa, also others call paraguay but English from the 16th century 4 the word because they suffer a horrible bloody attack on June 5 in the film alatriste the artist's cousin and they have seen each other begins with a shirted mime the film alatriste begins with a fierce one it is a night attack which studies the spanish soldiers put shirts on top of their breastplates so as not to kill each other and they threw Surprise attacks by massive chickens first began with a massive slaughter and then the firearms could begin to work and there were cannons that were nailed which led to the nailing of a cannon.

It was a task for the Spanish that the hole hornets fired but it was a I nail the cannon and it's not that easy, it takes a while, there's a nail and yes, and those who are Portuguese who have real reinforcements have authorized Don Antonio and when and how long do they realize there are hundreds of Englishmen with their throats cut, then they enter areas of fire, they have a bottom a shirt when the Spaniards leave when the prison wakes up your English and starts moving but on June 33 all steps all these all these things that I'm telling you cute the English come out but well, although so far conditions indicate if the Spaniards, this is the result of many years of documentary research work, in fact the Spanish victories unless something in Spanish has been in charge of investigating them precisely because history in this sense is the house of war crystallized in any case on 3 June 1,100 chosen soldiers at midday attack the army in the English camp of the risks three points at the same time they also make other attacks from the walls in short the regiment Colonel Greg is annihilated he dies along with his captains the English change the English change On June 4, the objectives no longer have a visual shot.

If they don't want to get out of there alive, they won't make it either on June 4. After burying the dead, they sneakily escape that night in Lisbon, leaving the bonfires lit to disguise themselves, but they are surprised by the Spanish spies the galleys of the port shoot at them they have to retreat into the sea in their retreat in their in their desperate retreat towards Cascais trying to reach the fleet where Drake is so as not to flee from the Spanish it is at that moment in which the brave saint of maple with his companion with his company of horse-drawn harquebusiers attacks these Englishmen in and takes the quarries two flags of the combat on June 5, 589 that I found would not exist but I found them in it that have been exposed In the chapel that the art had in the cathedral of Sigüenza, Guadalajara, there I went and in a Felipe Pesca drawer, here we see the cathedral of the session, the panthers won in combat, now this happened quite a few years ago, now they have been restored according to English specialists. signature they are the only flags in fact one is English behind Portuguese there is an English flag that seems to be the only flag with a suit of 2016 there is no there is no England none of that is not preserved in front of flags 800 flags made of organic matter but yes We were considering a completely dry site in Castile in a good box.

The English manage to reach the waterfall. It is a waterfall. In the Spanish, the sites arrive. More troops arrive. They carry incendiary pacts. Throw the English out of Cascais. Drake sets sail without waiting for favorable winds. The Spanish flags come out in Their pursuit produces a dead calm lack of wind and lack of wind has the part of López exploding like a nut and they remained like nuts the galleons floating by the galleys were ships the galleys taking advantage of their tremendous strategic advantage the ships the Spanish quarries caught The contra armada where you would position yourself to destroy a galleon, if you are a galley, is placed at that stern where there are no cannons, there are few cannons and the galleys have a cross cannon and a tremendous one in the center but tremendous, the ship itself was aimed at but that Well, the English ships were sunk, they have a lot of men because, well, it's difficult to go up from Lisbon, a sailing ship from Lisbon, they will go up to go up to the edition, a Bela park, it's difficult, it's easier.

In fact, the contras of the great Spanish armada had great problems getting up from Lisbon to Galicia. In fact, it took a long time and almost the Canary Islands trying to do it because the banks of that time allowed themselves to be carried away by the wind. The encores took many days for the panels to arrive. We saw quite ill-intentioned, for example, we would not need to capture several María Juncal transport ships loaded with wheat and then coal we make bread and we got out of these but we did not break all the mills that there were therefore they could not make Asian bread porridge but if you have a gastrointestinal problem, a gastrointestinal typhus and you eat porridge, well, son, the doctors would not recommend it to you, imagine how the ships came to be, these contacts, these ships became mortuary, the problem of hunger, scurvy, poor diet and the subsequent illness reached such an extreme. tremendous that it dwarfed the Spanish tragedy of the previous year with its shipwrecks because in reality, well, climbing up in desperation, they made an emergency stop in the estuary of Vigo, the people of Vigo, I say even smaller, I say they had two thousand inhabitants of the cities of Galicia in Santiago Pontevedra Vigo had two thousand inhabitants but the people of Vigo tried to defend themselves, dominating the fleet, then they counterattacked by taking also contracts with I and several hundred English were killed. 102 the boats arrived empty parties in fact my return trip between the boats to lend themselves to the minimum sailors for the governance and for the governance of the boat and many boats did not manage to arrive very clear if you stay in sailors of the boat it becomes a boat ghost as in that narration of the adventures of time is the same, in addition to this when the plagued without any control jumps to the ground in one of the first houses, 400 people die and the contagion is an exanthematic typhus tremendously contagious in the queen and prohibits that they approach London 7 they are going to ask to be paid they hang them what happens in the end to how it happens in the end and the kings through London but what they do is send their friends to tell about it when trying to deceive the queen and Others write wonderful pamphlets, constructing a literary one to replace what really happened.

These fragments, this forgiveness, these these levels, these these pamphlets are the main source. They have been until now the main source of information to reconstruct the destiny of the armed contra. That is why not even the history teachers knew it and many other things, what it means is that the burial work, so to speak, for a mystic occurs when they arrive in rice since the other principals are already invited, complete in English for internal consumption and in Latin for the public as well. the contra nothing of history but until today but today and from here we are putting value and it is really a fact of arms of enormous importance because it is the contra nothing that explains the current existence of Latin America of Ibero-America if that year Brazil achieves its objectives and Yes, it completely changes the view that fights, defends the sky, champion at last and it is good, thank you very much symbolically man Felipe second son of Isabel of Portugal and grandson of Manuel had swum Portugal in 1580 but in that Portuguese essence it was not it did not have 60 of debates and In the end Philip that world to make effective his inheritance 1580 he also entered Lisbon militarily some followers of Don Antonio offered some resistance but an attempt at resistance there was no resistance but many Portuguese felt that Philip the second inherited Portugal the end of independence of Portugal and many Portuguese felt they felt uneasy about that and in that sense the worst decree or the English thought that the Portuguese were going to join this army to try to separate from Spain but in reality the Portuguese were not for the work at all in fact the upper classes were rather in favor of the peninsular union in the lower classes either obviously obviously portugal from porsche to spain from 1640 but but they also have a lot to do with the curse of quarters surely yes if felipe secondor had imposed on the capital in Lisbon and if it had broken us but in short the Portuguese were not so not so much for the work of the English and that idea of ​​the Hispanic union that was there we clashed says why the Spanish call Spaniards and the Spaniards We are all Spanish, we are all, we are all Hispanic, Hispania is a Roman province that includes Lusitania.

I mean, it was not so clear that the Portuguese separated Spain, much less at the hands of the English. It is always about the life of the pandas in the area. Portuguese I think that the French was to turn Portugal into a country to 30 England that is the fundamental point but they were also interested in raising energy to the Portuguese destroyer for love in order to put an end to Spanish rule monetary support if you can investigate that ends up closing with amaral it is impossible to avoid it drake dealt with it in detail in this book and aside it is a topic that I have already produced more times in the corsairs the corsairs itself is a very interesting way of doing the truth so from the patents of marque to the courses and they do not have to bear what they themselves do harm to the enemy in times of peace green that was on the one hand he acted under the auspice the supervision of the queen the permission of the straight of senses the privateer but the time of payment in that sense would be a pirate how do we solve this I am the curious one because I believe that he will work for the benefit of his country when our seas distribution of the loot was spectacular in the same way that in Spain it was necessary to give it encased the last wonder is what it is about of the rule in relation to the other is it is interesting how they managed to do this norris when he arrives at pib he does not dare to go swimming but he writes an extraordinary letter to washington the queen's secretary saying he sends him to say it very quickly he tells us they have cattle are making bonfires and parties throughout Christendom we do not find fault in our actions we do not find fault in facilities because if not we are not worthy we are not worthy of them what he says what he says is not an exporter let's hide it Norris is very intelligent because they live him knobs hide this because he is the person most responsible but he understood it very well they understood it very well that yes ready in fact to the rule I congratulate the public adreikin orbis later in private he charges them with a miracle in fact honors the other punishments of up to 96 years declared that when he was first and when he left it was to die at the hands of the Spanish, he spent two years without leaving because he would be because he learned about the internal war, so what was put into motion was the entire English government mechanism, the entire English crown, in fact, the pamphlets that were they publish in london in august they are brilliant whitfield's pamphlet a flor winfield's records is tremendous it is good it is well written it is well printed and above all it is love in august in august they have already made the move to hide this for spain' epic moments of its history because the eternal why because the small Spanish big land then it is an official asset Spain has already repeated this is not so newsworthy at all this news from the Spanish side does not get very very euphoric either after this victory because because Spain was very sad because of the catastrophe before the great army that later the community that turned into an ashtray in the upper part saw the city turned into the ashtray.

It is a percentage in telecom and six died in Lisbon, it was simply a attempted siege aborted, I mean a myth is not built, a myth is not built as the myth of the invincible was and on the other hand this concealment this English concealment did not find one by one a Spanish motivation not to hide it so strongly and then but the otherwise it would not be viable in that sense this was not so newsworthy but it is extraordinary how they close ranks and achieve this in such a short time and apart from doing it very well by calling ambassadors from etcetera and very professionals you cannot disembark in that area it is action it is precise zone is very dangerous what what is what you can't even bathe almost in any case the problem in that area nobody thought that they were going to disembark in that area but it was thought thatIt was possible to disembark in the Santiago area and in San Diego there is the sea club, there is the La Sierpe fountain and in the Seat fountain it is a detachment point on the Riazor side.

It is impossible to disembark because the barges would have actually sunk In the landing that they had to come, if on the beach of conservation, pressured by the Spanish, they landed on the beach of Consolation and lost hundreds of men. It is very difficult to disembark in the open sea, and if you go fully armed and you leave and you fall to the water behind the bottom and the other question is why it is completely to Lisbon us directly because that would be a totally flagrant failure to comply with the queen's orders. In fact they represented the arrival in La Coruña as something inevitable because the winds had not prevented it. go to go to santander but the queen is the queen she discovered that it will be a lie because the mind also carried people on the boats marina discovers that that is a lie and then she gets furious she gets furious because in reality the winds when they take them out of la coruña The winds were blowing, they were pushed to Santander, in fact, from near the colony, after the setback, it took them many days to round the cape in 2 in less than two days, the small police prostrated themselves and to finish a royal stronghold. the residence of la coruña was established at that time, what felipe could offer in terms of strongholds, later he would come to ferrol but at that time, although there is a first ferrol, there is a first simple castle of ferrol that already started in this At the time, the Galician military power was in A Coruña, it could kill the Galician politician and the judiciary, in short, on that side they cannot be disembarked and on the other hand, they did not dare to violate the queen's orders in that way, but they did it like this, please.

Do you have please in 95 87 they demand yes yes from 85 39 they are pirates it is not even a privateer from 85 3 they are admiral and all this is before the start of the war the English usually date the beginning of the war of 1,585 because at that time they signed a treaty the truth why dre like Colombia in La Coruña Lisbon and then another there how defenses for their preys as an admiral driver of many ships in fact what he did in waterfalls instead of attacking the hands when they return to the land to the hands because they have used and like the Castro se is what he dedicated himself to capturing boats with tribes boats that he was throwing to Lisbon he could not not be able to overcome well the first Philip second monarch of the yes yes in A despotic ark is like saying what does that mean, yes, no, then in that sense we are talking about the fact that he is the director of a world empire, the Spanish forces and initiative that at that time, thanks to Felipe Segundo and others, is expanding, has nothing to do with it. the planet is a unique case, for example, what the Dutch did was certainly with a cruelty never seen before and what they did was go to citing the commercial sales discovered by the Spanish Portuguese these ideas that some proposed one thing and others that they put others, we have to put them, we have to quarantine them, we have to quarantine ourselves because we are at this moment beginning to become aware of this whole corpus of negative ideas against Spain in a long time ago and it has a fundamental component, if not the fundamental component of deactivating what It could not be deactivated in any other way.

The attack against Spain is similar to the attack today against the great empires. Attacks against the candles. The current attacks against the great empires made by people who cannot attack in any other way. So in that sense, no, no For example, these ideas that are seen from the Dutch initiative in contrast to the Spanish one, not the proof is that the proof is in history the proof is in history the Spanish initiative was absolutely deafening but not only 2016 16 17 18 and 19 and even that ended it is very important to understand that if not the empire would not have existed on the other hand talk about portugal of course portugal is soft and about many other things personally