Simulation der Einkopplung elektromagnetischer Felder in Leitungsnetzwerke mit MATLAB und LTspice

In this video I would like to briefly use Moravian

simulation

s to achieve a coupling of transient electromagnetic fields and line networks. This was actually going to be a talk at this year's women's conference, which unfortunately had to be canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic. so I would like to do this here. A video was published as motivation for this topic: The coupling of external fields, lines and networks of lines is a classic problem of mv harp components electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and that have a certain waveform here is that you simply have a wave with a meaningless shape that then propagates in the direction of propagation and in the direction of the sector in the direction of Brawn's team at the speed of light and this wave is called a wave in the wave fronts. they actually feed off of it, so the source of the advertising projects is the wave front, of course, something like a ball front, but if you are very far from the source and you are looking at a small area then you can use the front very cool. as well as a plane in its and the following emptying here is that the wave or the amplitude of the world is, of course, quite large near the source and decreases with stones the distance from the source from 1 to er and here it is simply assumed that The amplitude remains constant so the field to be numbered is homogeneous.

These two honors allow a very simple mathematical description of this event. This event is then very useful to calculate and simulate the coupling of this level wave into lines. networks, so in practice there are often not just individual lines but something like networks of lines or cables. Let's take an example like this, probably from a car, you can see that the lines are connected to each other, so they are actually multiple lines as well. we only have one common mode current on these lines. If you are interested in a massive area, for example, the car cash register, then the direct current in this bundle of wires would be exactly the same, again, the current in a single line of this single line linked together at the nodes and at the end there are terminations, termination resistors, devices that are connected to this cable and the next point is that these devices are often no longer capable of supporting, for example, there are more semiconductor components in them than in the protective elements of voltage or, in any other case, the input circuit with transistors, for example, is not capable of supporting these three things.

Therefore, it is the coupling from the inside to networks of lines that are completed with semiconductor components that have no name. , and there is even a

simulation

model for this that we presented at a conference in Japan last year, which includes a line network made up of three lines. For example, those that meet at a point, that is, the line, have a terminal resistance to the ground. surface and a line also has a non-linear charge give an ideal diode and for this that is found in the simulation model there is already validation of the measurements that we have with us.

In our DTM cell we have made the same network of three lines that are located on a node that terminates with coaxial feedthroughs and terminal resistors behind the line or if you live on the feedthrough on the other side or below the boundary, introduce something like a high frequency director. Can you also close this line network non-linearly and then, this line network was stimulated with a rather strong anti-do pulse clock pulse shaped wave from a course + co generating company, which coupled voltages to the appropriate line, which devices would also see as a coupled interference voltage. I should go to these outside tents.

There and after this brief introduction and motivation, I would now continue explaining the simulation model, particularly analyzing the rescue model and its replacement, and discuss some different strategies for network simulation and then move on to validation. He would also show an example and discuss some exemplary results. First show the parameters of the example line network and analyze the individual models. Then there are some examples of linear completions and also non-linear completions, and at the end, of course, there is a brief summary of the simulation. The model should also take into account three lines here, although in reality there could be any number of them, but so to speak, it is easy to start with three lines that meet yesterday at a point on the ground surface, each line ends with a resistance and then there are numbers in this network A node and the ends of the line are also known as nodes and the voltages that are calculated are the voltage of a rescue inside, put it all back together and the voltage in the middle: these are the results you will get.

You can see later in the diagrams and the incident wave is here. The effect is a pulse of 10 with, well, a period length, but you can't call it a nanosecond pulse width, so to speak. If they were repeated, it would correspond to a frequency of one gigahertz and the amplitude is relatively high, one kilovolt per meter is chosen to be non-linear. The key is that the Jews are disturbed to the extent that they also break through, so. that even if there are non-linear components that not only operate in the linear work area, but sometimes also break down in their children.

That's why this is quite tall and the size of the individual models, then you can build a cityscape from these lines. networks Here you can also see these three lines, so to speak. Each line consists of a relatively large number of cells and each cell always consists of a long inductance and a transverse capacitance and a voltage source representing the coupling incident on a tangential field. and this trend tension here results from a wave that is then reflected here on the surface of the water and then there is a reflected weather so that the sum of the incident wave and the reflected wave x the length of this line element drops stronger multiplied by this length. in this voltage and the indices of the so understand that this would be the line of aces first cell first line two cells second line first cell second line 20 and so on and so on and each line is quickly terminated again, which are again to find this voltage so the relaxation instructions coupled and in the middle and then there is the so-called transverse voltage which comes from the fact that here to calculate the income the emergency service is alerted and in You still need this voltage transfer to the line in which there is also at the end of the line at the end of the second line and at the end of the third line and in the second line you can also connect here this diode or different diodes Configuration that later Jacobs will go into particular detail about the different strategies for nations the network In the previous simulations, MATLAB was always used as a top-level Facebook.

The parameters for the network and for the individual wave were set in a program and then used to. The Network simulation created, so to speak, a list of networks in which all these components of this mission statement are contained and in which the position of the field or the intensity of the field at these positions is fixed, so to speak. , and then there were two things in MATLAB that were basically parallel, namely a Tent Solver, the stop, the field has calculated the field at all the positions of the network of lines that you need to calculate this coupled relaxation at all of these cells and at the same time a network simulation was running on a Spies server built by yourself, if you have these two pepperoni fruits, it will be that it even reports spies in

matlab

and that was just the idea so that you can at least program

matlab

with quite easily and quickly and then you can just pair it with these with the user of this store and then at the end the results come out and the coupled voltage is applied to it and it works pretty well, but it has some disadvantages that I wouldn't go into, so that's just the Another idea, we just take 1 1 real spices where for example spies from linear technology or now from analog devices and we combine it with matlab so that there is still matlab as the previous god and displayport in which a program has established the parameters but then a complete spy network is immediately created containing all the components and from which the electric field is automatically created, so to speak.

Calculating all positions and sides is so that this case solver and the lattice acid no longer have to be coupled to each other for each time step, but that the lattice solver calculates this automatically for all times and for all positions along the line and you can calculate one. You can potentially get your results a little faster, that's the idea and what does it look like? So the difficulty? actually think of previous formulas, so to speak, that automatically calculate the field strength for each position and for the time and that has to be accommodated somehow in the network and for this the so-called path selection is used, so here it is shown only that we have the inclined at the beginning of the first line and the source of this tangent for this transverse voltage is subject to amplitude ratios and the function of this pulse and a certain time shift and this time shift is ultimately instance, in which direction the wave is coming and when this level is assumed and in what position along the line according to the speed of propagation and then here is a conclusion of this state.

The second line is where the salary model is housed here in these two cells and then it continues like this, so that is the end of the third line and that is this node in the middle and the transversal tension that occurs and then these networks continue and also includes all the counting of a long line with which activities with tangential voltages are also carried out. David Hoh functions agreed to rule out a certain time shift and these clear capabilities and there are many of these cells, so this network, this last torus that has several hundred, appears up to a thousand and then at the end it is said what voltages should be represented, these are the disturbance voltages that are of interest to you and how long this simulation lasts for about 20 nanoseconds and then you can use it to discuss the results relatively quickly and the line network and that should work here should have a Length of line of 40, 30 and 50 cm, each of which is one centimeter at ground level.

This line and different conductive tracks have resulted in different characteristic and good sets for swimming pools. The input width or time of this sinusoidal pulse can then be considered. that the execution time along said cell principle should always be small compared to this input time and then the result is that you can find details about this in the report document that you already have for this. However, fairly short lines on these short entries pages require a considerable number of cells for these simulations to be useful and produce meaningful results. So there will be between 100 and 200 cells of these links in kiwi inks and whoever has per line capabilities will also be able to have these patient and capabilities.

The inductances are calculated which are then relatively small with which they occur very often in this rescue attempt and the terminal resistances are chosen so that the first line here is adjusted to adapt to the march again appears to be complete so that in this line instructions begin. Basically the center is supposed to give a reflection, this resistance here is two times greater than the financial characteristic, that is, this should give the YouTube reflection because this is something like a lot of adjustment towards idle and the third line here is with the half of the opposite resistance This character is completely closed, which means that there is self-reflection here too, but with a different reflection factor because this is a mismatch in the direction of a short circuit, and then you can simulate it and that is now a suggestion Direction of the first line in this network if I want to go back to the network again, this is this one, then comes the line, then comes the level of arousal now it will be the orientation of this line, that means it reaches this point first, that means something should happen here, then something should happen on the second line and also in the middle and at the end, something should happen on the third line at the back and you can see pretty well, on the first reading, what happens then happens on the second. line and in Something in the middle and the red line is shown here in the third line.

It only happens at the end and then you can see this pulse hits this line and then first it runs along lines and is reflected and then you see this pulse in a modified form and superimposed on it again and also there are some reflections back and forth. back and then slowly swings towards him, but you can definitely see it as an idea. Press there a few times and here are two things compared that I take with this own network simulator, so this left the idea of ​​the two hot peppers and the whole thing with the ex spice and then you can see that they correspond relatively well and this solution with theyours. network simulator here, this was the one in which the cited article was also validated with an analysis in the frequency range of the Greeks and with a simulation of free software in concept and in nick and there was also a very good agreement there, so that this can be trusted here and with that Can you also trust the space story, so now everything is shown here again?

In the case that the flat wave comes from the direction of line 2, then of course you will be able to see what is happening on the second line and then only on the first. line and in the middle and finally again on the third line shown here in red and here also there is a coincidence and all again that the wave hits this network of lines from direction 3 so of course the first thing that happens is that is shown in red in the third line, what are then in the middle in this middle node and then at the beginning of the line of the first line and of the second line and here there are also several reflections, this is an input pulse and then this slowly oscillates as seen now with non-linear terminations and several different configurations were examined, i.e. one diode in forward direction parallel to the termination resistor r2 at the start of the second line, then one diode in reverse direction and two in idiots parallels, something like that should happen here, so with the forward diode it should happen that of course the diode conducts forward and then, so to speak, the voltage across this resistor is limited to its breakdown voltage, which is the Halleiner's normal desired simyo. 0.7, so there shouldn't be any positive voltage here greater than 0.7 volts, but there should be some negative ones.

The voltage here is exactly the other way around, you can't give negative voltages greater than -0.7 but you want any positive voltage and here the positive and negative voltage are limited to plus minus 0.7, so we want a classic overvoltage limitation with 2 mg in parallel regions. Now you can see the results and here the dome level is reached, the line will always be in the direction of the second. line and we first look at the voltage coupled at the beginning of the first line to pay the voltage across this termination resistor, that is, for these different configurations for linear terminations for this direct Judith for the later Jude and 42 antiparallel regions and then you can see that the stop at the beginning corresponds quite well because yes we are looking at the beginning of the first line and these different no more and endings that are at the beginning of the second line and that means that this signal has to somehow go up the line and the line recede until we see the difference again at the beginning of the first line, that's why these curves are initially on top of each other and here at the end there is such a difference and then you can see that with line endings it falls relatively quickly and that with the new terminations where there are stronger reflections because that is a lot of adjustment and certainly in the direction of a short circuit is that, so to speak, it stays and oscillates longer. period of time and that in the meantime a relatively large voltage is reached here, which is almost as large or perhaps even a little larger than this first pulse, so the same can be said at the end of the second pulse.

Look at the line, this voltage limiting is exactly what happens here, so when you have linear terminations and then in this state or a fairly large number of lines matched in the no-load direction, there is already a relatively strong voltage here: 15 to more and you can see that in the direct diode this voltage is limited to a maximum of 0.7 volts, but there is a negative voltage with the lynx jew, it is exactly the other way around, there can be a positive voltage but the negative voltage is limited at minus 0.7 gold and in the two are parallel Jews there is almost no voltage here because then it is limited both up and down, that would be this classic voltage limitation, a surge protection termination of this second line in the termination of a line in this harness with two parallel Jews that now also have two Of course, and everything would be fine, there is no large control voltage, although not much money is coupled to this line, so now you can see it at the end of the third line and then something similar happens.

It's the same with the first line at the beginning. Because these signals first have to go through the lines and vice versa and then something exciting happens, that is, in the event that the second line has this surge protection and socially dropped more strongly adjusted, here is a strong voltage, so in the nonlinear network that is no less complete. In the line network, stronger voltages are now coupled than in the line terminated network and of course that is not as nice from a MV point of view because it is much better because you limit the voltage, but in the line of three on another line in this line of network work, we suddenly get a potentially higher voltage, which of course brings with it a greater potential for interruption and what you can also see is that it takes us longer until it turns off and you can see the same thing happening again at this junction in the middle.

Exactly the same here too, in the case of a non-linearly terminated line, two control choruses. Voltage is reached at this node in the middle compared to the ground and here also the ringing takes longer and the moral of the story is, well you can stop it in your line network, how to limit the voltage at one end of a line in the surge protection element, but then it's a bit like with an air mattress or a wii version waterbed or like on your return trip, if you push the interference level below it, then it just stays in one place, book and yes if it gets better in some place then it has to get worse if it gets better in both and you limit the voltage somehow owner instructions scene 3 and in the middle of this line network it gets worse and now of course somehow way you could install a surge protection element, there are probably instructions at the end of the first line it will get worse if you now put surge protection elements everywhere, then the line is super strong, a paste was dropped and andy stops these disturbing pulses They run for a long time in a long wiener line and are reflected over and over again because there is nothing. left as they were In this article a very nice framework was developed with which you can simulate the input of the will of the network in MATLAB, which works both in the time domain and for linear, it was also for non-linear degrees and in what the network of lines works.

This is only dealt with a replacement cityscape which is calculated very efficiently under 40 euros stable on a real 26 simulator, in this case the price was called and the advantage if you now go in circles is that in this commercial Spy simulator there is a whole series of prefabricated components. There are libraries for non-linear components which you can of course use and for which it is much more complicated. Weber is building his own spy simulator in MATLAB and the second. The advantage of spice is Bastian Grad, which brings efficiency. He has an autoloader on the longer time steps when not as many things are happening right now and the shorter time period because a lot of things happen in the simulation and this framework was validated. an existing frequency range solution based on the BT equation and the method of moments.

The concept and the index simulation are more or less used and with that of course you could do some cool things now, for example you could also not filter the coupling of a distance, but better not to look at the real estate by now having this 10 complete in the simulation model. So, by not saying that here is somehow the flat forest at one time and the flat wave at another time, but rather that this is the field, the ever-modern near field, a position, the arfeld rubies, assuming a position and then look at something like that against the filter and that network of lines and the other idea would be that this time range simulation now runs very fast and very efficiently, so you can also get a little bit closer to the group 1 statistical problems , so see if this plane wave, for example.

Now this line hits from different directions, not just mostly and the round, but you have to hit it from a possible direction from above. from left to right from a certain angle, then you could have something like this for the mean, standard deviation and maximum on many different devices and very different polarization and also different time functions of this 1 1 and look at Brühl and de Por Of course, that only works if your simulation is relatively fast and that's what it does now, so this network was programmed months in advance and MATLAB needed it a few minutes and now it only needs a few seconds or a few seconds to get one result, which means that you can do many simulations very quickly one after another, that is the advantage and the most important results, so if you have any questions, please send them by email or in the comments field below this video. and you can find the most important results on my research page.

You can also download this presentation there. You can find the short version of this article upon request. I will be happy to consult the document and you will find the lists at. Internet that lists the Matt programs and also the Latte source codes so you can try this simulation again with your own spies and do it again and of course you can also do different things with this Matlab program. You can configure the facilities in the villa, you can change the parameters and line length of the service network, etc. You can also check out all the results in this article if you don't trust everything and it's a little easier for you.

You don't even have to install mats on your computer because I have provided you with texts from all over the world and everything is good from Michaels. I'll also put these links here again in the comments and costs. You can find programs to imitate these simulation lines. ie a coupling alignment from line 123 and then these different simulations with the guide terminations at the end of the second line for the diode in forward directions in reverse direction and for these two games won, yes, thanks like I said yes there is some. questions, feel free to email production in the comments, thanks