Sandy Munro: Model 3 manufacturing, Model Y wiring, and EV competition

you have Panasonic, you forgot about Samsung, you have LG and you have C ATL from China and those are the big four that everyone else will try to find a niche in. Probably the outlier is BYD, they make their own batteries so they make their own cars, so they're in a position if they can put it all together to really lead because I can build the car, I make the batteries that I've made. everything internally, but are we going to do it well? That would be the question. At the end of the day, if you see someone come up with something new, it will be a comfort to warm up the tapping, is it okay or will it be something? way to control lightning supercapacitors supercapacitors that's where if I was going to put money into advanced research that's where the ticket is, I wouldn't do it the next iteration is energy like Mark was just saying why would I want to try and figure out how to make new chemistry? as opposed to Panasonic Chrisman is ridiculous, you can't compete with these guys, they've been doing it forever so I wouldn't, I wouldn't look at that, I'd be looking at what can we do?

That would be a radical change and I'm sure Elon Musk is also considering what it needs to be. I mean, you've often liked supercapacitors for many years and that's one of the reasons why I think the Maxwell acquisition is quite interesting because it's not just dry battery electrode technology, but supers. caps are something Maxwell has done since they founded the company in the 80's or 90's. Dry battery electrode technology is changing the game. I think if it becomes like that, they can put it in a car, but I've been talking to people about supercapacitors or battery packs for a long time because one of the problems with the battery is when I get on it.

That's how hard I'm pulling badly on many internal surfaces, yes, and then when I brake hard and draw a lot of power from the region, but the Vanity can't handle it fast enough mm-hmm, the batteries get really stressed when I do it. you try take it out too much so if I had supercapacitors that I could use as a cushion, when I need power quickly take it out of those supercapacitors and then fill the supercapacitors with the battery slowly and then when I break down I can capture more energy from that region into the supercapacitors faster and I think that makes logical sense because now, all of a sudden, I have a sponge as my main source of energy and that's taking a lot out of me, but we've already seen it.

We made a robotic system for storage and they came up with the brilliant idea of ​​having a combination of capacitors and batteries that gives them exactly what Mark was talking about. I can get fast charging because you have to get on and off. and all around and it moves very fast, it's very, very fast in there and so what do I do when I have to go to the top row? I mean, they're about 20 feet up, well, I'm going to load it, where do I load? that - I don't have a battery, except it's running at 220, it's going to go straight to the capacitor, the capacitors, like Mark just said, act like a sponge that sucks it up and then measures it to the battery. so this is technically feasible, there is already a stack on this rail now, so I would say there is probably a good chance, if it is technically possible, there is a good chance that Tesla already has this in one of their vehicles.

I mean, the Roadster is the one that everyone talks about being the kind of natural fit because you have that intense acceleration with the car they're working on. maxwell technologies used to be a client of mine when I was thinking about Jack Whitman Automation and they have all kinds of nifty capacitors that could be used in various aspects within the automotive industry, I, the airplane, and I mean pretty cool things that you have, you have An interesting insight into the chemical raw materials of battery cells. I guess there are rumors that Tesla has been tiptoeing around that.

Very, very soon, they will enter the commodities business. What is your opinion on that? Oh, good luck, brother. The only way I think that can happen is if we could open up and have more rare earth metals on the market. United States in Canada than anywhere else in the world and we don't do anything with our judges, we can't prosecute it, yes, the processing is really dirty, but if you're looking at lithium ion type of things, there are potentials in Nevada. Salt Flats mm-hmm for mining lithium from there, there's huge amounts of lithium in South America, maybe he'll buy some of that property and start mining, but I would say why do you know if I'm going to spend.

I'd rather spend my money on technology than digging things out of the ground, but the availability of raw materials seems to be a bottleneck for automakers who want to produce electric vehicles, why wouldn't they integrate that like Tesla usually does? what it does is this but they could do that and I mean the Chinese have bought up huge square miles of salt flats in South America for their own use and they live here even the United States is trying to land and that's just it folks , no one is going to be extracting that except us if we ever run out so I guess it makes sense and you know Samsung has already had problems with Volkswagen because they say we can't supply this stuff so they will have it you know , if something ever happens in the Congo in terms of a war or another war, another one, but we are not going to have cobalt, so if we can get the cobalt out, it is better.

Can we take these strategic minerals out of what we are doing to do something when there is nothing better? That's a great case for the solid state battery, yes, and we may have many of these known dents that cause problems. You have said on multiple occasions that the Model 3 has excessive production. Why do you say that this excessive production is unnecessary? Oh, it's over engineered and not over engineered, it's over engineered I don't know you, you get to a certain point where there's no discernible difference, it doesn't make a car safer, it just makes it heavier, it's something that Engineers are always looking for What should I do to make sure occupants are safe?

Well I made this statement before people didn't quite understand but a tank is actually very safe but you know what's really bad with gasoline not being efficient. and it's very, very, very heavy and not very comfortable either. Well, then you can make a car that is actually very safe and by adding more steel you make it safer, you just make it heavier, don't you? it doesn't work, there's no direct correlation between welding another steel plate on it to do whatever, there's no correlation between that and safety, you design the car to be safe, with such a narrow displacement actually, and you try to get rid of the weight and in many cases cases I want to share the wheels I don't want that mass in a crash that's speed and yeah that's not something you're really trying to get rid of the mass so you can make the product more light and the wheels fly off.

When you watch an F1 car race there are reasons why you don't want the weights not to be as good for you in a safety environment so getting rid of the weight is a good idea and you try it and you don't try it you design to adapt it. the best best compensation to wait until the crash resistance. I have my accident where I have to fulfill that and I can do it on a computer. It's all computer-aided engineering. You talked about unnecessary glue and soldering points. That's just because they went crazy, they went crazy with the technology, why would I want to put one self-piercing rivet this way and another one that way?

What does that do for me? I mean, we put it on airplanes a long time ago, we had it on the Rover, the Range Rover. and the discovery 20 or 30 years ago, well these haven't been around for a long time, everyone knows how you use them and that's not how you use them, so why am I doing that? Why am I using my garage that day to do something? they in a turn this being, yes, it is being this being, they have concentric spot welding, they have standard spot welding, they have other lasers and they have three different types of laser welding.

I have another thing, I can't remember it all because a lot of it is crazy and it's only three feet in diameter and then what should a piece be? That's what we would normally look at saying we're just going to do it in a one piece a stamping boom done it's in its it's me that's 15 or something Achilles yeah I think I don't know how that happened and Elon should tell me he fired the guy who was in charge of the body and I told him not soon enough he should never do it either he didn't know what he was doing or the people under him didn't know what they were doing or they sent him to a joke shop like a house of design, they definitely didn't know.

I don't know what they were doing, they should all be executed, if that body had come out as a standard ordinary body, okay, the style is the same, but the standard number of pieces instead of having, I think they have four, thirty or forty. percent more parts in that or that in that car I think there are forty forty percent more parts in that color in that body than anyone else, okay, nobody knows and it's heavier than the 328i body, go figure, I mean, that's wrong, how does that affect? gross margin on the car because you're using more parts and looking at hundreds of wasted dollars, so they mean they could potentially reduce the selling price and potentially increase marketing profits Suites, yes, I think what they need to do is fully examine the origins that do not I do not think there are people who are going to buy the car, it is time that, for the price at which they are selling it, it is time that they start looking at the shareholders.

I mean, you have to get those people to put up their hard-earned money. which you know, it's not like this is free money or it's like some kind of income stream that comes in here, you know, throw it away if you want, I don't, that doesn't happen, okay, this is like they're, they're The Investors are basically people whose retirement funds are there and they have that, sir, so there are some opportunities for Tesla to improve the

manufacturing

of the vehicle absolutely if they come in and get a body, okay and there are tons of them, I mean, they could go to E Day or Altair, there are a lot of body shops that could design that product redesign that product exactly the same on the outside exactly the same crash resistance exactly the same interior everything is exactly the same only the difference is much smaller the parts have many less difficulties on the

manufacturing

lines, it's easier for everyone, forty to forty percent of the pieces disappear, which makes it seem like and some of these pieces were left like, why would I want to make them? the little bit like that is only about 20% or even less, maybe 15% of the aluminum car.

Because? Yes because? There's no earthly reason to do that, but basically the deck or trunk is made of this. pieces of aluminum with who knows how many different types of bras Lou news, well, the blue ones are the guys I love. The blue with BMW they give you all that blue there and it's unpleasant to try to pick these things apart within the spy world, yeah, the. e-tron has a range of 204 miles, the pace with a range of 234 miles is enough, in your opinion, for a luxury SUV that is electric, it's that Bible, it's viable, it's enough, probably in most places in the world, there's a lot in the US and it's I'm getting a little tight, you know, we drive too much here mm-hmm.

I drive too much. I drive almost 200 miles every weekend to get out of here and go home and I drive back every week to come back and go to work so I put 34. 36,000 miles a year on my vehicle I would have an electric vehicle except I drive too far but you got it hybrid, yeah, oh yeah. I wear a hybrid shirt. I have a battery and gasoline like no other. I don't have to have autonomy anxiety. I get 500 miles on a tank, but with a pure TV, you know, I think for the US to adopt it on a large scale, we'll probably have to give a well-executed 350 to 400mm, which Tesla does with Whittier and then have a faster way to speed up Garrett yeah because people won't sit for two hours and drink you want a couple of charges the poor shift icon has been touting a 350 kilowatt charging rate it looks like they might be backing off a little bit at 250, yeah that's what they say, they're going to start at 250, which seems to be significantly.

I mean, it's 15 minutes, right, because that's because I didn't get people there in the US, well, the thing is, you also have to have the infrastructure to support that, for sure, and you know if you don't have the infrastructure, you don't. It matters, there is no charging station between here in Chicago, yes, I am sunk, so it is a matter of putting the infrastructure, the vehicles with enough range, without a doubt, that would make it a lot easier for people, I mean, I did it. I hear a lot of people talk about charging infrastructure, but I mean, I would say 95% of people who drive are from home in the garage, where they would probably charge their car to go to work or around town, which should tacklemost people drive fine yeah I agree with that in Europe it's a piece of cake in China it's a piece of cake yeah here like Mark said people like to drive and we probably drove twice as many miles in a car that you.

Actually, the other day I was reading something where Volkswagen is making a certain kilowatt battery for the US market and they're making two-thirds or half of that. Yes, with the European market because they don't need it, they have some range anxiety. , you should, yeah, we're actually when we go out to the floor and you'll see there's an area that's okay where we were that was all painted. Ring and we started painting the floors in every other area because we noticed that it's a lot brighter with the paint and why not, so yeah, they like it better than concrete, so when we were doing that, you know this.

The building is going to be a machine tool place and we found all these up to twenty boxes, so we haven't done anything with them, we've left them on the wall, but I'm going to take them out because I see in the not too distant future, there will be a real need to charge, you know, the batteries of the company's employees. I see this happening soon. Yes, I have three right there. I said let them be and once in forty. I don't know if we could tell with a Porsche. Well, we have some employees who have been driving electric vehicles for two years, right, yeah, that's actually what it is.

I came after we tore it apart, after we toured

model

three, after we finished laughing at the body, and then we really started to get into it. People stopped laughing and said, "Okay, so we classify the bodies as dinosaur technology which is ancient, everyone can do that, everyone, but everyone can do that kind of thing, yeah, once you get over the suspension, the electronics, everything else is just fabulous, yeah, and I think." We should mention that from a technological standpoint, you know, as Sandy said after the body and white, everything else Tesla did to the vehicle is head and shoulders above similar years, just like anyone else does.

I mean the fact that you have a vehicle that doesn't I don't have a fuse box mm-hmm I mean, you're not going to find another one of those in the world, you know, come on, yeah, let's dive into that, but before we do, I want to know your thoughts on Rivia n-- and Ford's investment in the Caribbean, what are they doing with the Rivi products so far based on what they know and then they will take advantage of that transmission? Whatever you can share is fine, whatever you can share is fine, so I like the idea that if I have a tape I can spin it.

Driving it, sure, is fine, by the way, and that is the greenest car on the planet. recycling recycling visit yes, no one makes, no one makes a product that has more plastics that can be recycled, skills that can recycle everything that can be recycled, so you like the tape tank mode and its capabilities because anyone who go off road I really love hearing what happens when you're crawling because I do off road. and if you're crawling on rocks and stuff like that, I'd like to hear things squeak. I'd like to know where my wheels are and sometimes it's touched, but most of the time you try to listen to things and a motor starts up. in a way yridian will be pretty cool and having it so it can spin in a circle.

I really like that idea, going out is sometimes a good idea if you come in like I broke both wrists on a quad so why can't I open and close my hands very well anymore but if I had the ability to turn that thing faster as I can do donuts with it, but I couldn't get this gigantic rock out of the way, but when you're in an SUV and all that, if you go over a hill and you look down, you get nervous and you turn around and go back up the hill. . I really like that concept, there's a kind of an unusual style to their exterior designs, yes it's done, but I can get used to that if it does what it needs to do to work more than after for fashion, yes, so I think they have a winner who is allowed to copy or take it. an advantage it is difficult I worked at Ford and it is very very very political GM is even more political and when someone says oh I would like to do this or I would like to do that, there is a thing in the auto industry called auto racing decision making is good for the car is good for yes it's okay then it's a try it's good for the car but it's not good for me yes yes it's good for me but bad for the car oh, I think it's a good idea then those three decisions tend to hinder the innovation, something good that is happening, yes, innovation mm-hmm, among other things and anyway I heard that like I knew it for sure because we heard it on the news at Ford and FCA Chrysler. money because they are for the impending recession, that means that money will not go to Rd GM did not make any statement, but I think I think that in many cases, when people get nervous because of this The China thing because the Russia thing because the Congress and the Senate can't do anything, it really, really, really points to the fact that this is going to be an orchestrated government, low, slow down, recession, depression, whatever you want to call it, it's government. 100 percent at the feet of the government, so it will be interesting to see what happens.

Come 2020 and we're all selling apples in Woodward, but anyway, other than that, I think the Caribbean alone will do well. how much is transferred to it for the products remains to be seen, it's hard to sell at least, so I respect the fact that they are investing money in an innovative company unless yes, sure, because innovative companies can't grow or expand and and do their thing without anybody helping them in their guinea so I think it's cool that for the money end and I don't care I mean so I thought it was funny that GM was negotiating well yeah a little bit more . no, and then there are four right deals, well done, yes, yes, I mean to me we all laugh and it means I think GM has the highest concentration of MBAs on the planet, it's incredible and everyone thinks that somehow negotiate. a little more or tightening, as we heard some stories yesterday when some guys came and said that the cost of the test equipment is too expensive and that they need to have a cheaper one.

The guy said no, no problem, well we'll try it, but it won't tell you anything right and we'll get rid of that nasty technology. We are in the same thing. The same is his Geum. I know Geum has some of the best battery engineers in the world working for them and it seems that what their product production is telling me they are not listening to it mmm-hmm they have my ear but they probably use it with energy you know what is not politics that is a profit in your own country that is why I went to dr.

Deming told me that a long time ago there is a guy who was the father of quality, he is the guy who changed Japan after the war, everything we used to say made in China equals garbage or a certain hand was garbage and it made change. to the Toyotas and I'm in that it doesn't sound like that and much more than in all the machine tool companies, he is directly responsible for that in the rest of the world, except that here there is something called the Deming award for the high quality of it. appellant and in productivity, anyway I met him when he came to try to help us and I met him then and he told me that people will be crucified if you stay here because you have some things. say yes and some of them are good, but in the ears of those people who want to maintain the status quo you are simply a heretic, you are talking about heresy and you will be, you know, nailed to a Stas or that came out or something like that how many others reasons why I love it I want to transition the conversation to something I picked up from that V drum David by the way, you're doing that again soon, the EB conference thing I think a lot of people in your area, yeah, there's one in China, okay, we've still decided what's going on, but yeah, I think that would be it.

I think a lot of people if you do another one here, I think it could easily go more. which one day, if you will, is what many others mention, another thing is, although I mean, we really lost fifty-six thousand dollars, they asked, yes, okay, show the charge, rather, Americans are stingy, yes, I will go to China. Yes, do it there. I will have an audience of five or six hundred people. Yeah, they'll be happy to pay, you know, five hundred dollars, six hundred dollars and we'll make money off of it and they'll be happy and I'll be happy.

I'm sure Americans aren't so keen on spending money on knowledge if they get something, you know, if they get a free design for an electric motor, something that would make it a Titan, but since I guess it was right around the time of this depression or recession or whatever started in America was like a light switch, sure, and the engineering conferences went away, yeah, yeah, yeah, there's no payback, maybe no one's going to spend anything, so the integration piece . I'm interested in hearing your thoughts on the vertical. integration versus the sort of outsourced segmented approach that automakers take and then I also want to get your take on the integrated software and hardware approach because that's something that I think Tesla is again light years away from, but I had some findings that were shown in this everyday thing where Tesla's integration piece and how they integrated everything seemed to be more cohesive than the kind of segmented departmental approach of other automakers on some of those Findings, well, I think one of the things that What you have to keep in mind is that Tesla is basically a Silicon Valley.

Our mentality begins. You know, it's a startup and you know it's very different from what you get in Detroit. Know. Detroit. You have Continental down the street. you have these guys here you have Delphi you have people you can go to for anything California is taking a completely different approach in the way they approach this they are saying well I don't want to buy 8,000 parts let's design a new chip that does all of those things and that's why it's easy. I think the mentality is so different that it's much easier for people with a Silicon Valley mentality to integrate, you know, make my car an iPhone.

I don't care, it's a good idea. and then you get some of those savings where the mentality differs, it's like what they say about the body in the way you know we can do those things here in Detroit all day, in much of California, maybe it's not as good , but the other things integration, being able to have a vehicle without a fuse box, the things that you know, the battery management system that is stellar, you know in terms of maintaining the batteries for Tesla, for Tesla it is absolutely stellar, so all those things that are based on chipsets, I mean the super bottle is a great example of how normal car companies don't work together and Tesla dies, so the super bottle crosses a lot of lines that you can't cross here, I mean, if I'm in charge of the engine. cooling or battery cooling I don't want your yeah, I don't want to have anything to do with cooling the cabin and yet we have the engine cooling the battery cooling and the electrons and the electronics and everything going through a little bottle that has some clever little ball valves that open and close to make sure everything is heated or cooled to where it needs to be, that's really what I mean, so I'm taking something that I have.

It would have a pile like this of bits and pieces and they have this super bottle that is um we all thought it was the best thing in the whole damn car, yeah, because and then there's the pride aspect, it's got a little bottle in it, it looks like Superman with a wings and things like that, that doesn't happen, you can't do that, you know, there's a saying that came from Japan, the nail that sticks out must be knocked down, I mean, and that happens, and I saw it happen. where people thought you know for a long time that I have, you know, I have a little bit of my own glory or whatever, that doesn't happen, but at Tesla I know I don't know everything about what's going on, I don't really know anything about The thing is, I'm just getting these things secondhand, but they don't have the same rigor when it comes to a hierarchy or whatever.

I don't know how it works but they seem to be able to travel between different departments to make things happen, my guess, I mean my guess is just an open floor and you have departments that intermingle and work together and solve problems. Hartman's, I think what they have is what can we do for the car instead of what can I do. do for my partner and for my career and the car racing thing is probably not registered there yet. I know a lot of people I've talked to left because they thought they were going to get promoted and they didn't get it or they got angry and left or they thought they were going to get a big bonus or something big and they got angry and left or they weren't listened to. , I mean, in a lot of cases, if you come in with a technology that you know I'm the best guy in the world at cabin cooling and if they don't use you or don't do it or figure out how to get rid of it, then you're no longer worth anything. your knowledge has been reduced to zero and they come out that way too, but almost all of them I don't think I've ever heard anyone say anything really bad about their experience and they just said it was very different from anything else.and even the guys that were there couldn't describe how the system actually works, yeah, and sometimes I think even the work patterns are very different from Silicon Valley mentality than they have, yeah, the rest of the part industrialized country, you know, we do it here, okay, we'll be here until 11 o'clock tonight, yes, we do it here sometimes, but not to the same extent as with Apple.

Converting to Microsoft and all those companies, there were guys who worked 18 hours a day all the time and it becomes their life which allows you to know a totally different feeling in the employee, yes, you know these types of things have been happening for a long time. A long time because I remember when they started making digital motion controllers that came out of California and the first pair I bought had marijuana leaves on them. I'm the circuit boards, if we're going to continue, oh my gosh, these guys are great and they knock it out. and and and you know, it's that completely different attitude, you know, when I got my analog engines they didn't have anything, they didn't even have circuit boards, but you get these new digital guys and they have marijuana. leaves and everything and they're having more fun at work, right, yeah, you know that and by the way, that wasn't a metaphor, we'll be here until 11 o'clock, yeah, we have a phone call that starts at 9: 00 and the Chinese love gas on the road, yes, yes, until we follow each other, yes, we can't talk anymore, you passed by like that, nervous, yes, you said something was really profound the last time I was here, you compared the Tesla hardware circuit boards with the ones you have. seen in defense and fighter aircraft, can you explain that?

Well, not without showing you examples, I guess, but yeah, but at the end of the day, if you look at flight controllers and all that for the super planes, the super jets, then, like me. I mean military stuff, you see a level of microelectronics that is not seen even in cell phones mm-hmm, so the comparison was in general, there are things that we work on in a lot of military things, hanging some, we have a way I worked with, I think it was Raytheon on the Excalibur, okay, you shoot that bullet like it's a 155, you shoot it out of the barrel and it goes about fifty-six kilometers or whatever and then it becomes a Rocket first, then a about thirty-five miles, that's its range limit, and then it will search for a target, make a right-angle turn, go through a window, and hit a plate of cake that requires a lot more computing power than you might think.

Do you know cryogenic units and you select something so that it's really cold in there so these things don't explode or what do they have that kind of thing and they also have chemical batteries, but that kind of thing is not what I would have expected to see inside a car, but when we started tearing it down before our president said we couldn't work anymore, we were working with Huawei and ZTE and there they went from Apple level cell phones to something that I would say would be the next step of change, maybe not to the point where you could use it for you know, supercomputing, but it was definitely a step change towards a 40 percent cost reduction.

I think I think if you sit too long and that's what I think every industry in the United States is doing. They are simply sitting too long and not paying attention to what will happen next. You're going to get involved, you know? We're going to be behind the curve and Tesla showed that you can take a lot of the circuit boards that we have now and basically put them together into one. I see a change and the only way you can make that happen is if you have an internal system. in D, you can't, no one is going to do that for you, not to the extent that you wanted and you were talking about vertical integration, as far as I'm concerned the pendulum has a weight, okay, so you've seen the fort doing your own. rubber and glass, that was probably not the best and smartest move in the world, but now you see that a pendulum has swung in the other direction, where you know you have a lot of people in the automotive world who are the automobile, yes, the car. management or whatever leadership says and all we really have to do is make a badge and stick it on the end of the car at the end of the line made by someone else, that's ridiculous, Tesla has probably hit a sweet spot. place for the bulk of the car, not the body, you might get a sweet spot in vertical integration and as far as I'm concerned, if you want to win you better have something because you have to have some kind of deep knowledge, yes, yes, and if you buy everything, you lose that amount, yes, and you lose it quickly, especially if you send it to Japan, sorry, China.

Well, that concludes the interview. Thank you very much for taking the time to look. I really appreciate it if you find it valuable. Please share this, as I mentioned in previous videos, these types of interviews, especially when I'm flying somewhere, this is done on my own time, in many cases with my own money, and share this to get as many views on The videos are a great way to let me know that you appreciate it and that you really enjoyed the content in terms of what I learned from it. You know the traditional automakers are way behind and it seems like in order to catch up or at least stay competitive with what Tesla is doing they need to bring more things in-house, particularly the battery pack and the motor, that stuff.

They seem to really be the core, probably once they have that breakthrough they may have to start getting into circuit boards and chips. or at least partner with some companies that are very talented at this, it will be interesting to see what happens if Tesla ends up creating its own batteries, its battery cells and the raw material enter the mining business, which essentially looks like they are heading in that direction, it's going to be a problem for traditional OMSs and I'm actually a little worried that if this happens, Tesla could end up having a monopoly in the EV market, which is the opposite impact than anticipated. what Elon Musk wants is for there to be more electric vehicles on the market, they can't do it themselves, they need other automakers to step in and do it.

I have this crazy idea in my head that I can make a video that Tesla could, to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles, start selling these batteries when they start manufacturing them themselves, they could start selling these batteries to other car manufacturers. cars, so we'll wait and see. I have a video in my mind. Some very interesting things were said on this last quarterly earnings call that makes me believe that the potential for them to get into the raw materials business and really vertically integrate with their cell production makes sense for them selling their batteries and battery packs. batteries. to the

competition

, so I'd love to hear in the comments what your takeaways were from this hour-long interview with Sandy Munro and Mark Ellis.

Thanks for watching and I'll see you all in the next video.