Naming Acids Introduction

Let's talk about

naming

acids

, we will learn how to look at the chemical formula of an acid and write a name for it. This video will be an

introduction

to the topic and then the next video will include many example problems. So you can actually get some practice doing this. If we're going to talk about

naming

acids

, let's start by asking what an acid is in the first place. Well, there are many ways to define acids, but what are we going to do? doing here I will say that an acid is a compound in which one or more H+ ions are bonded or connected to a negative ion.

This is not a perfect definition, but it will work very well for what we are doing here. I have a list of some common acids and we can break each of these acids down into one part H+ and one part negative ions. Some of these negative ions are individual elements like f minus or F2 minus here other of these negative ions. Ions are groups of elements that together have a charge, these are polyatomic ions like this one and this one, as in any ionic formula, the positive charge and the negative charge have to balance, that means that the charge of H+ is equal to the charge of H+.

Whatever the negative ion, in this case we have a H+ with a charge of 1 plus balancing 1 F minus which has a charge of one minus, they balance in this case the negative ion has a charge of 2 minus, so we have than having two. H+ to balance the two negative charges of this Now, why am I talking so much about ions if what we want to do is name acids well? It's for this really simple reason and that is that when we name an acid, the name of an acid is based on the name of the negative ion that is part of that acid, so when I look at the formula of an acid and I want to name it, I have to separate it like I did here into the H+ part and the negative part. part of the ion, I have to find out what this negative ion is, then I find out what the name of the negative ion is and then based on the name of that negative ion that I discovered, I can write the name of the acid, so let's talk about how to do this with some examples, there are actually two types of acids, those that have oxygen like these and those that don't, they don't have oxygen, there are different rules on how we name them, so let's start by doing some examples with acids that don't have oxygen our first example is HCl there's definitely no oxygen here, so the first thing I want to do is split this into the two ions that make it up, one of these is obviously H+ because it's an acid and the second ion is CL minus, right, I knew it was going to be CL and it has to be one less because the charge on H is 1 plus and they have to balance each other, so the negative ion that we're going to be working with here is CL minus the first thing I want to do is figure out what the name of this is, so here I have this list CL minus, we call it chloride, so to name this acid here we go.

To use these rules, if the negative ion in the acid ends in ide, you remove the IDE and then put this name between hydro and ick, so this is chloride, we remove the ID and put chlorine between hydro and ick, so we call it HCL we call it hydrochloric acid, let's make another hbr, we're going to take this and divide it into the two ions that make it up, one of them is H+ because it's an acid and the other one will be BR and it will be BR 1 minus this is 1 minus because it has to cancel the 1 plus charge that we get from 1 H+.

Okay, so the negative ion we're going to work with here is BR minus. Let's take a look at this graph. BR less we call it bromide, so to name this acid that has bromide, we are going to follow these rules, we remove the IDE, we remove this stem Brom and we put it between hydro and I, so we will get hydrobromine. Hydrobromic acid acid, this is what we name these acids without oxygen where the negative ion ends in ide. Now let's take a look at how we name acids that have oxygen in acids with oxygen, negative ions are polyatomic ions like these that have oxygen combined with other elements and that group of elements together has a charge where these polyatomic ions end up and it 8 and it and these endings are what we'll see when we name acids that contain these polyatomic ions now it's really It's important to be able to recognize polyatomic ions so that you know what to call them when you come across them.

I'm going to use this table in the video, but I recommend that you memorize a bunch of polyatomic ions, hopefully it's your teacher. I can suggest a list for you to learn from and solve problems like these as we go. Here's just a little review of what we did above. Here is our first acid with oxygen which we will call hno3. Let's divide this into the ions that make it up, one of those ions will be an H+ here and the other element will be NO3 NO3 1us is everything else and the negative charge here the 1 minus. balance the 1 plus in the hydrogen now this NO3 is the negative ion we're working with, so what's its name?

It's a polyatomic ion, so I'm going to look at my list of polyatomic ions. This polyatomic ion is called nitrate, so that means I'm going to use this rule to name the acid if the negative ion ends in a, we remove the a and add an I, so I'm going to go from nitrate here to nitric acid 8 to I, let's do Another example here we have H2 CO3, let's split this into ions and prepare it. Now there are two hydrogens here, so we're going to make 2 H+, which is one part and then the other part is everything. otherwise it will be CO3 and the charge on it will be 2us, it has to be 2us to balance the 2+ charge we get from the two hydrogens.

Okay, this is our negative ion, so we want to name it as a The polyatomic ion and the co32 minus is carbonate. I have it here, so I don't have to write it in carbonate, so now using these rules, the ion name ends in, so I'm going to remove it in. to replace it with I C, so I'm going to call this carbon and then carbonic acid, that's how we name acids that contain ions that end in a. We remove the a from the name of the negative ion and then we put ick and add. the acidic carbonate goes to the carbonic acid the nitrate goes to the nitric acid now the other type of polyatomic ion ends up in it, let's see what we call the acids that contain these here we have hno2, we are going to divide this into H+ and then the polyatomic ion which is everything else NO2 with a charge of one minus NO2 1 minus what it's called, it's nitrite and the rules that we use to name them are that if it ends up in it, you take it away and then you put acid in it, so we go from nitr to nitrous acid so Nitrous acid is what we call the acid that contains nitrite since it is a negative ion here is one more example of how we make this name with it we have this acid here we divide it into H+ and then everything else that is is going to be C2 with a load of one less to balance the load of one more.

The name of this negative ion here C2 2 1 minus is chromite, which means that the name of the acid that contains it will be Chromium. I remove it. I replace it with O and then add acid so it has chromite, we call it chromosomal acid, so these are the rules for naming acids based on the name of the negative ion that is in that acid, how are you going to remember them here? a big pneumonic which I really like, okay my vehicle has hydraulics, that's not actually how you spell Hydraulic, but you know, ID Hydro, that's what this type of acid is called and then I ate something disgusting because acids that contain ions with at the end are named with IC, okay and finally Sprite, it's delicious for us, so remember these three sentences, you will never have a problem naming acids.

I love this, it's cool, especially with a vehicle that has hydraulics, it could be a Lona GX cell I don't know. I want to talk about some important exceptions when naming acids. We learn these rules, but there are some acids that don't quite follow them and, in fact, turn out to be very common acids. Are these four acids here that contain the negative ions phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, and sulfite? Okay, so if we take this acid and try to name it using the rules that we've learned, we convert the at from phosphate to ick and that's why we call it phos fic. acid which is actually not exactly what the name of this acid is is actually phosphoric acid you have to add this or before the IC.

I have no idea why that is, but I just want to let you know because if you were being very logical about it and followed the rules that we've learned, you'd actually be wrong, so I just want to make sure that you know how to name this acid and, of course, Similarly, this here, which is phosphite, you might think it should be phosphos acid, but we Let's do the same thing, we add this or then it's phosphorus acid. Okay, now for the sulfate down here it's not sulfuric acid, but we also added something here, it's sulfuric acid.

We add the UR and for this, which is sulfite, we call it sulfurous acid. phosphate phosphite we add or for sulfate sulfite we add the UR these are the only acids that have names that are a little different than the rules would suggest just learn these they still end on the correct ending it's just this little bit that we have to add between the ending and the end of the element name Now, sometimes people get a little confused when naming acids that contain polyatomic ions that start with hypo or per because they are a little different and don't Let's not start right away with the name of the element, but naming the acids containing these ions is the same as any other.

All we want to do is look at the end of these ions, for example, this acid that has permanganate ends in that's the only thing you have to worry about we change the at to a IC and we call it permanganic acid this acid here contains hypochlorite but just pay attention to this we change it to an ous and call it hypochlorous acid so if you come across a hypo or perpolyatomic ion don't worry just focus on the letters at the end this is how we name acids we take a look at the negative ion that they have in them, we look at the end of that negative ion and then we use these rules to figure out what we should call the acid definitely learn this mnemonic so you don't have to worry about naming it, it will just make sense because you will have memorized these things and finally Look my next video, which contains a lot of example problems so you can get a lot of practice with this.