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Explaining File Systems: NTFS, exFAT, FAT32, ext4 & More

Jun 02, 2021
welcome to another video

explaining

computer communications, this time I'm going to talk about computer

file

systems

, these are the standards for organizing data on an SSD hard drive or as a storage device and they apply when you format a drive or partition, today there are many. of different

file

systems

in use with the options available to you depending on the operating system you are using and the type of drive you are formatting, for example here in Windows, if I want to format this SSD and offer the file system options of NTFS or exFAT, while here in Linux, if I want to format this USB flash drive,

fat32

NTFS or

ext4

file system options, what are the differences between the file systems and which file system should I choose?
explaining file systems ntfs exfat fat32 ext4 more
Divide the storage space on a drive into virtual compartments known as clusters and maintain an index of where individual files and available free space are located. The first point and the Windows file system was known as the file allocation table or fat, with three main variants developed known as fat12, fat16 and

fat32

. Each fat variant can split a drive into an increasing number of clusters and supports an increasing maximum file and volume size, so for example fat 12 supported a maximum file and volume size of 32 megabytes, while that fat32 can store individual files up to 4 gigabytes in size and is limited to 32 gigabyte volumes if formatted in Windows up to 2 terabytes when formatted with other operating systems and has an absolute maximum volume size of 16 terabytes fat32 is still a system popular file system due to its high level of compatibility between operating systems and is still widely used for formatting USB flash drives, memory cards and some other external storage devices Today, the most popular Windows file system is the new technology files or NTFS, which was introduced in 1993 to overcome the limitations of fat32 and has a file size limit of 16 exabytes, one exabyte is equivalent to 1 million terabytes, so in practice No file size restriction file, NTFS is also a journaling file system, which means it keeps a record of changes so that it can be recovered after a system crash or power outage, unlike fat32, NTFS also supports file permissions. files, for example, allowing a file to be marked as read. alone, plus encryption and other features that make NTFS boss

more

suitable than fat32 for use on a system and drive.
explaining file systems ntfs exfat fat32 ext4 more

More Interesting Facts About,

explaining file systems ntfs exfat fat32 ext4 more...

For these reasons, all modern versions of Windows must be installed on a drive formatted as NTFS. The only real disadvantage of NTFS is its lack. Compatibility with older versions of Windows and Windows operating systems, for example, by default, NTFS volumes are read-only on Mac OS and older Linux distributions and may not be readable at all on other devices, as standalone media players exFAT or the extended file. Allocation table was introduced by Microsoft in 2006 as a file system optimized for high-capacity USB flash drives and memory cards. exFAT is less sophisticated with NTFS but has significant advantages over fat32, including the maximum file size is 16 exabytes or effectively unlimited, making exFAT the best option for formatting memory cards for video recording, for this reason the SD card Association has adopted exFAT as the default file system for SDXC memory cards in terms of compatibility. exFAT enjoys broader support outside of Windows and NTFS with read and write support on Mac and recent versions of Android, this said that many Linux systems require the installation of additional drivers to access exFAT devices.
explaining file systems ntfs exfat fat32 ext4 more
Speaking of Linux in 1992, the extended file system or ext was released specifically for this operating system in 1993, an update called extended file system 2 or ext. two was then released and was for many years the default filesystem on many Linux distributions in 2001 EXT two was updated to ext 3 which introduced journaling to protect against corruption in case of crashes or power outages in 2008 , then we saw the release of EXT 4, which is the most modern dedicated Linux file system, ext 4 with a maximum file size of 16 terabytes and a maximum volume size of 1 exabyte; However, as you can anticipate, neither Windows nor Mac OS offer a native ext2, ext3 or ext for HFS support or the hierarchical file system was introduced by Apple in 1985 and is used in Bacău.
explaining file systems ntfs exfat fat32 ext4 more
It offers a maximum file size of two gigabytes and a maximum volume size of two terabytes and is also known as the Mac OS standard. In 1998, HFS was updated to a new version called hfs+. o Extended HFS or also known as Mac OS extended this added journaling and has a maximum file size and volume size of eight exabytes when using Mac OS 10 point 4 or higher in 2017 Apple introduced a new file system called ap FS or Apple's file system that is optimized for SSDs and other solid state media, it is not surprising that HFS hfs+ and ap FS are not natively supported by Windows or other non-Apple operating systems.
Finally I thought I mentioned ZFS or the Z file system initially released in 2006, this was created by Sun. Microsystems, but since 2013 it has been developed by the ZFS open project. ZFS differs from other file systems because it integrates a volume manager to control the storage hardware attached to a computer by integrating physical drive management with file system functionality. ZFS provides greater protection against data loss or corruption ZFS is currently available for Linux FreeBSD and True OS and in the future may be ported to Windows and Mac OS, so which file system you should choose wisely for your system.
Unit. You must or should choose the file system for your chosen operating system, which means NTFS for Windows

ext4

for a Linux distribution or HFS+ or PFS on a Mac for USB drives and flash cards fat32 is still the best option for devices with less than 32 gigabytes of capacity to maximize cross-platform compatibility, while exFAT is the best choice for a flash drive or memory cards of 32 gigabytes of capacity or

more

or when you need to store files larger than 4 gigabytes in size for hard drives external or SSD. NTFS is the best option for anyone wholly or primarily Windows-based, while exFAT is probably the best option.
The best option for anyone who regularly shares files between a PC and Mac subject to their file size and volume limitations. fat32 has also remained an option for external drives that must be accessed on a wide range of Windows, Mac, and Linux systems for several years now. I was making an explainer video on a single board computer and had to download an operating system image. I did, so I downloaded it to a flash drive and I had to unzip that file so I could use it on the single board computer and I initially tried that. unzip the file using winzip and it failed so I tried using 7-zip and it failed again until I moved to another computer and it still failed and finally I said ah you're an idiot, why was it?
Because I was actually trying to decompress it. the file on the flash drive which was formatted in fat32 and the uncompressed file was a little bigger than 4 gigabytes which was unusual for a Singapore computer image but that was the problem and as I unzipped the file everything It worked fine until it reached 4 gigabytes. size, then it couldn't be contained on a fat32 drive and everything failed and since then I have been even more aware of making sure I know the file system in use on a drive when using it for certain purposes and I hope that this video has made you too more aware of the importance of file systems and which one you are using and if you now ask me how do you check the file system on the drive, simply go to an operating system placed on the drive, right click to open properties and you will see the system of files on the drive and if it's not the one you want you can change it, but remember the only way to change it is to reformat the drive and you will lose all the data. the album in the process, but that's all for another video that you liked.
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