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Earth Science for Kids - Solar System, Weather, Fossils, Volcanoes & More - Rock 'N Learn

Jun 08, 2021

rock

and

learn

hi tara hi marco what's up? My friend Kevin needs a little help studying for his

earth

science

s test. Do you think you could sign us up for a session? Well, I know a thing or two about

earth

science

s and I heard that you. You are a true genius at revising science exams. Thank you. Tara Kevin is already waiting for us at my super science station. Come on, Marco Tara. I'm happy to see you. I need to prepare for my Earth Science exam. I'm glad I could help the child. It's kind of my specialty when you study earth sciences you

learn

about astronomy geology meteorology and

more

let's start talking about our

solar

system

tell me what you know well the sun is in the middle of the

solar

system

and it provides us with light and heat Okay, well, you know something Plus, there are eight planets orbiting the sun, but I always have trouble remembering their order.
earth science for kids   solar system weather fossils volcanoes more   rock n learn
I know a fantastic way to remember the order of the planets. Hello, who's calling the teacher? Who are you Kevin's mother? His snack is ready, okay? Dokey, we'll be there right away. Good news. Kevin's mom would like to serve us a small snack. That seems fine to me. So Kevin, I didn't know your mom was a teacher. Oh yes, she is very polite. Here you go, enjoy, oh God, what just happened. my very polite mother just served us nachos that's it, that's the order of the planets eh, I see what you mean, take the first letter of each word in the sentence my very polite mother just served us nachos and now we will give the first letter of the name of each planet my mercury very venus educated mother earth mars only jupiter served us saturn uranus nachos neptune my very educated mother has just served us nachos mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune exactly my very educated mother has just served us serve nachos mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune hey, that's cool, makes it easy to remember the planets.
earth science for kids   solar system weather fossils volcanoes more   rock n learn

More Interesting Facts About,

earth science for kids solar system weather fossils volcanoes more rock n learn...

Great, now back to the solar system learning center at my super science station, but what about the nachos, tough guy, but nachos aren't the only ones? things in life and planets aren't the only things that orbit the sun look at this how cool tara what are all these chunks of

rock

between mars and jupiter that is known as the asteroid belt? Objects in this area are spread out. In size, from dust particles to series 900 kilometers in diameter, Ceres is actually considered a dwarf planet because it has a large enough mass to have a rounded shape, but as you can see, it is not large enough to have cleared its orbit. around the sun by that I mean that there are other objects in the same orbit as Ceres.
earth science for kids   solar system weather fossils volcanoes more   rock n learn
All those other pieces of rock and metal are known as asteroids. Ceres is the only dwarf planet. No, from time to time we have

more

. A group of professional astronomers. from all over the world come together to assign names to objects in space, three dwarf planets they have named are the Pluto and Aerys series, it seems that there is another asteroid belt further away called the Kuiper belt. What's that? Oh, that's a comet. Comets are accumulations of ice dust. and small rock particles, most of which have long oval orbits, when they pass near the sun, their ice melts and evaporates.
earth science for kids   solar system weather fossils volcanoes more   rock n learn
People on Earth see comets as huge bright bowls with tails made of gas or dust trailing millions of miles behind them. This is all pretty good, but how does it fit into Earth science? Learning about the solar system is important for Earth science because what happens in space affects things on Earth, for example, let's take a closer look at how the Earth and the Sun interact, see how the Earth rotates u orbits the Sun. Yes, Marco, I remember in science class it takes a full year for one revolution around the sun and that is what causes our seasons.
Explain to me how the Earth's orbit causes the seasons. Well, I know it has something to do with the tilt of the Earth, but I never really understood that part, let me see if I can help you. When does the sun feel warmest early in the morning or around midday? It's warmest around noon, right, that's because the sun's rays are most direct around noon, when it's coldest. They are more indirect, so the earth rotates back and forth, the earth maintains pretty much the same tilt, but notice how it moves around the sun. See here, the northern hemisphere receives more direct sun, so it is summer there and since the southern hemisphere receives indirect light, it is winter now you get the idea if we keep moving until we get here then it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere n wow, seeing it in action makes it easier to understand, so check this out and see how the earth rotates on its axis, it rotates once every 24 hours and that is what causes the day and night parts of the earth facing the sun are in daylight as the earth rotates the sun appears to set in the west supa, I think you really have a good idea about how things work in our solar system here, grab one of these

kids

Tara, I don't think it's going to rain anytime soon inside the research station, I wouldn't be so sure it looks like the flash flood we have here.
Whether you want to or not, oh brother, here at the water cycle and climate learning center, we will learn how the water cycle affects the climate on earth, the sun provides the energy that powers the entire water cycle As the sun heats water on earth, the water evaporates. Air, as water vapor cools in the atmosphere, condenses into small water droplets that form clouds. When water droplets become too heavy, if they fall back to the ground, water accumulates in aquifers, rivers, lakes and oceans, and everything can begin. again, what becomes vapor by evaporation, clouds slowly form in the sky by the process of condensation, they fall, become too heavy, they fall as precipitation, rain, sleet or snow that melts, then comes the accumulation, the evaporation, condensation, precipitation.
How the water cycle works, but why does it rain in places with snow other than on water? Good question, we get rain, snow and other precipitation in all kinds of places because the sun heats the earth unevenly, the earth heats up and cools faster than water and we know that it is hotter near the equator than swimming pools, All of this uneven heating keeps warm and cold air moving and produces changes in air pressure. This is how those changes in air pressure cause wind. Cold air weighs more than warm air, so the pressure of cold air is greater when the sun heats the air the air expands becomes lighter and rises colder the heavier air moves toward where the air was warmer and lighter in other words, the wind generally blows from areas of high air pressure to areas of low air pressure now the warm air can hold There is more water vapor than cold air, so as the air becomes cools, condensation occurs and then precipitation, there you have it, but it is the temperature of the air that determines the type of precipitation.
Rain occurs when droplets of liquid water fall on the earth's surface. It is formed when the air is so cold that water vapor turns directly into ice without ever passing through a liquid state. If the air is cold enough, the snow will fall to the ground, otherwise it may melt and turn into rain as it descends. water droplets that freeze on their way down through very cold air, unlike snow, sleet goes through a liquid state before freezing, the result is that sleet is not light and fluffy hail is like a mega sleet when large hail balls of ice fall from the sky. in a more complex way than sleeping when the ice crystals start to fall the wind takes them back to the clouds this happens over and over again and the crystals grow each time eventually they become too heavy and hard that is wild tare, I never knew

weather

could be so complex and that's just the surface, girl, but it's enough to get you started.
Those nachos aren't set so well, are you okay? She'll be fine, but I'm a little worried about us, if there's an earthquake, I feel a lot better now, huh. That's good, but where are we? Where should we be? At the geology learning center. This is where we can learn about different types of rocks and how they are formed. Take a look at all these rock layers. Small pieces of land were washed downstream. They settled at the bottom of a river, lake, or ocean layer after the design was deposited on top, so they became more and more pressured over time, the layers becoming a type of rock called sedimentary rock. .
That's right, sedimentary rocks make up about three-quarters of rocks. on the surface of the earth can sometimes give us clues about what the environment was like when those rocks were formed, how can they get it right? Sometimes dead plants or animals become buried in sediment, covered by new layers of sediment, and sometimes become

fossils

. Some

fossils

are actually parts of an animal, such as its teeth or bones, that have been turned to stone or fossilized. Others are trace fossils, such as dinosaur footprints or tunnels made by worms, but most fossils are casts of dead plants and animals that decompose after the sediment turns into rock.
Leaving a hollow mold, salts or other minerals can fill the mold and maintain its shape. Fossils found in the same layer of sedimentary rock come from things that lived around the same time, as new layers form on top I think the fossils get buried deeper and deeper. I understand that the deeper the fossils are found the older they are and sometimes large amounts of plants are deposited in sedimentary rocks, if they are compressed under a lot of pressure over a long period of time they become carbon which gives us coal oil natural gas and oil I guess that's why they're called fossil fuels your bed is and let me tell you fossil fuels really are gas oh brother okay sedimentary rocks make up about three quarters of the rocks on the surface of the land you have.
What about the rest of the rocks? What are they glad you asked? There are two other types of rocks: igneous and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and becomes solid. Molten rock is called magma when it is below the Earth's surface, but sometimes magma pushes. through cracks to the surface of the earth then it's called lava oh I love a good eruption stop when lava cools it turns into a type of igneous rock called volcanic rock basalt is the most common type of volcanic rock Most rocks at the bottom of the ocean are basalt.
Igneous rocks can also form when magma slowly cools and becomes hard. Deep underground, rocks that form this way, such as granite, usually have large crystals. Fossils are not usually found in igneous rocks; the heat of a volcanic eruption tends to destroy living things and rarely preserves evidence of them; however, fossils can be found in volcanic ash deposits which are actually a type of sedimentary rock, which makes sense. Sedimentary rocks are made of sediment and igneous rocks form when molten rock cools, but what about metamorphic rocks? How are they formed? Good question, kid. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been transformed or changed from one type of rock to another.
Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but the movement of the Earth's crust caused them to change. Just moving the rocks changes them, don't try to push them. your hands together very tightly, do you feel heat and pressure? Yes, when the Earth's crust moves, igneous or sedimentary rocks are squeezed by tremendous pressure that heats the rocks and pulls them like candy. The original rock changes from this heating and pulling and becomes metamorphic. rock, as you can imagine, any fossils that were in this sedimentary rock will now be in the metamorphic rock, but those fossils can stretch and deform due to heating and pulling.
Metamorphic rocks are the least common of the three types of rocks, slate and marble. those are two examples wow that's really roxy whoa what is this a rock concert it's actually ladies and gentlemen please welcome from little rock arkansas the pet rocks i'll get up three cans of rocks three cans of sedimentary rocks three types of rocks three cats though two rocks can be formed in the same way they can be made up of different types of minerals that is correct to identify minerals in rocks scientists use properties like color shine hardness and grain look at these I wonder what minerals are Hey, if I describe their properties, That could help me identify them.
Bravo, now the color of a mineral is the first thing thatPeople tend to notice, but be careful, most minerals can have more than one color. Luster describes how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral the two main types of luster are metallic and non-metallic the hardness of a mineral is its ability to resist scratching the hardest scale uses 10 minerals to rate hardness take a look look here a diamond is the hardest natural substance with a hardness of 10 and talc is very soft so it only has a hardness of one which is fine but how can I know the hardness of the minerals in this box with a small scratch?
Not that kind of scratch we will use minerals and objects. From the Mohs scale, if your mineral sample can scratch an object, say this penny, then it has a higher hardness, let's try this good option, I like the nice metallic shine, can it scratch a penny? It looks like it has a frame, that means this mineral has hardness. higher than three, that's the way to do it now try to scratch this quartz, no, and look, the quartz will scratch my mineral sample, so it has a hardness between three and seven. We could continue scraping with different materials of the larger scale to reduce it. even more so, but I think you get the idea, I'm sure you do, thanks Tara.
Another way to categorize minerals with a hardness less than seven is to determine their stripe. Does that mean some of them have racing stripes? No, the scratch of a mineral is the color of the dust it leaves when you scrape it over a scratched plate, we know that your mineral has a hardness less than seven, so red, that's not what I would have imagined, I don't feel so bad.kid science is full of surprises take a look at this chart here do any of those descriptions match your mineral? let me see steel gray hardness 5.5 to 6.5 rust red vein metallic sheen I bet it's hematite that's the way to do it great job guy your earth science knowledge is really adding up it looks like something else is building up underneath from my chair, hey, that looks like a volcano, I guess it was a volcano and just look where it took us ah, the surveying learning center, this is the perfect place. place to learn how the surface of the earth changes it looks like a volcano it would be pretty good at changing the surface tell me kid these aren't grains you know I asked a friend to do a science fair project on

volcanoes

she told me there There are several types, she told you right, there are shield

volcanoes

, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes and more, there are many volcanoes, so what is the difference between the types?
Shield volcanoes build up layer upon layer of lava, their eruptions traveling great distances from a central event or cluster. events so they have wide, flat, rounded shapes, they look like a shield lying on the ground, which is a great way to remember the name, but while they may look flat from above, they can still get quite tall. Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano Mauna Loa means long mountain, but it rises more than 13,000 feet above sea level and rises more than 28,000 feet from the ocean floor. It would be the tallest mountain in the world if it weren't mostly underwater Maui Wowie is actually on the Big Island of Hawaii Eruptions Some shield volcanoes generally don't have much ash and are fairly safe for scientists to monitor, But other types of volcanoes can spew hot ash and ash into the air and can form a pyroclastic flow that travels very fast and burns almost everything in its path. way, that's the truth, the temperature of a pyroclastic flow can reach over 500 degrees centigrade, wow, what kind of volcano can it make, those stratovolcanoes, they are quite beautiful like yours, but they tend to be tall and symmetrical with steep sides , some stratovolcanoes that You may have heard of Mount Fuji in Japan and in the US.
You will find Mount Saint Helens and Mount Rainier in Washington State and Mount Hood in Oregon, not the organ or the red gun . Those stratus volcanoes are really beautiful. What happens to cinder cones? Ah, the little ones. Cinder cones can often be found on the flanks of shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes. When a cinder cone volcano erupts, lava ash is thrown into the air and falls around the vent of the volcano. The ash pile forms a small oval-shaped volcano that can grow. at about 1,000 feet, but some are much smaller, many cinder cone volcanoes have a bowl-shaped crater at the opening, hey marco, what causes volcanoes in the first place, explain let's dig a little deeper into the earth, that is, the earth is divided into four. layers: the solid inner core, the liquid outer core and the mantle, which is the thickest layer and the last and smallest is the crust, at least because it is the thinnest layer, the rocky outer crust is made of plates that fit between Yes, like pieces of a puzzle, these plates move a little each year as they slide over a weak layer of the mantle, this warmer, deeper layer of the mantle can be pushed and pulled like putty.
The whole process is called plate tectonics. The edges of the Earth's plates touch each other as they move. Plates can simply slide past each other, but plates can also sometimes separate or even crush when two plates collide. Large mountain ranges like the Himalayas, that happens if the two plates have the same density, so they fold as they move together. like two kitchen rugs pushed together, that explains mountains, but I wanted to know how volcanoes form, hold your horse, kid, if colliding plates have different densities, a plate can be forced back into the deeper regions of the earth, that plate can begin to melt when it reaches a depth that is hot enough, the molten crust rises to the surface where it helps form volcanoes and islands, that is a long process, that is how all volcanoes form, There is no other way, as the plates move, the hot spots beneath the crust may be weak. places on the plates or between two plates that are separating this will allow magma to come to the surface from deep within the earth the result is a volcanic eruption that can add new land mass to the existing land or even form new islands, it is Okay, let me get this straight.
Straight volcanoes can form where the plates meet, where they separate or anywhere where the earth's crust is weak, that's how the cookie crumbles and the earth's crust too, I burst out laughing, that's a good one, oh Marco, Now that you have an idea. how the earth's surface can be built let's talk about how it can be

weather

ed weathering is the process that causes rocks to crack and fragment since rocks are formed in different ways and are composed of different minerals they react differently when exposed to temperature changes humidity particles in the air or pressure changes I guess that means there are different types of weathering that's right Kevin one thing that causes weathering is frost when water freezes it has a unusual property, unlike most materials that contract when cooled, water expands when solidified.
Ice can put incredible pressure on rocks. Water enters the pores or cracks of the rocks and then freezes, so when water freezes it expands and causes pieces of the rock to break off. Another type of erosion is abrasion that can occur when rocks rub together. against each other, such as when a rock rolls downhill or falls into rivers, wind can also cause abrasion. The wind sometimes carries dirt or sand that can wear away rocks when it blows against them. Plants like moss and lichens can work their way into pores, cracks, and crevices. On rocks, seeds from other plants can also get into the cracks as they grow, causing the rocks to break.
I've heard that wetting and drying rocks can cause them to break. Oh yes, the combination of wetting and drying is very effective at breaking down clay. because clay swells when it gets wet and then shrinks and crumbles when it dries, oh I get it, the process of wetting and drying only wears down some types of rocks, sometimes rocks break because the minerals they make of For example, carbonic acid is created when carbon dioxide dissolves in water and this acid can dissolve limestone and eventually cause caves and caverns to form. Oh, look at the stalactites and stalagmites, you're just a normal little spelunker, huh?
Stalactites cling to the ceiling of the cave. and the stalagmites could reach the ceiling one day what a know-it-all now erosion is simply the movement of sediment or moving rock particles water is the most powerful erosion force on earth the world's rivers deliver about 20 billion tons of sediment to the oceans every year, that's a lot of erosion and that's why you can see fan-shaped deltas at the mouths of some rivers, like the Nile valleys, V-shaped canyons and gorges are also carved By streams and rivers flowing through mountains, moving air or wind is another important transporter of sediment.
Especially in dry regions, when small grains of sand are lifted and carried by the wind, they can sculpt rocks into a variety of shapes. Sand dunes are hills of sand deposited by the wind, like those in the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado, but of all things. that cause erosion my favorite is a glacier glaciers are formed when snow accumulates over time and turns into ice the glacier begins to flow outward and downward under the pressure of its own weight like large rivers of ice glaciers have sculpted mountains and carved u-shaped valleys valley glaciers flow downward valleys and continental glaciers such as those in Greenland and Antarctica flow outward in all directions glaciers reshape the underlying and surrounding landscape as they move eroding rock from one place and depositing it in another, called deposition glaciers rivers and Wind are important deposition forces that can accumulate soil in some places and I think I have the scoop on erosion.
Erosion is when the earth is worn away, it can occur due to water, wind or ice. That's right, childhood erosion and weathering work. together to reshape the earth's surface water and rock cracks can turn to ice in the winter and make the cracks larger over time pieces of rock break off and fall winds can pick up these small pieces and wear away weaker parts Falling rocks can remove small fragments over time. These processes can work together to leave interesting formations like the arches in Utah or the Hoodoos in Bryce Canyon. The canyons look like fun places.
I would like to travel to see them one day. we have to travel to our next learning center right this way wait, marco, I think my chair ran out of gas, it looks like we need an alternative power source, don't worry, balance this in your head, okay, but how Will this solar panel help? We're in just wait and see Hi guys, I see you used a perpetual resource to get here. Perpetual resource, yes, a perpetual resource is one that cannot be affected by human use. Perpetual resources are also called inexhaustible resources and include things like solar energy. which can be converted into electricity, solar energy can also be used to heat water or air for homes and businesses.
It seems like we should use solar energy for everything. Well, solar energy depends a lot on the time of day, time of year, and weather. To be efficient it requires a large surface area to collect the sun's energy, but scientists are working on ways to avoid this. Hmmm, solar energy is the only perpetual resource. Oh no, there's always the wind. Remember that wind is caused by uneven heating. from the earth by the sun, so it is an indirect form of solar energy, the wind blows stronger and more consistently in some areas, wind turbines and wind farms can be built in those places to convert wind energy into electricity and also There is heat from geothermal energy from the earth.
It can be used to produce steam or hot water to heat buildings or generate electricity. Some scientists are even looking for ways to use the oceans to produce energy for us without causing any environmental damage. They've come up with some ways to harness tidal and wave energy, we might even find a way to use temperature differences in the ocean to produce energy. In some regions, surface water can be 40 degrees Fahrenheit or more warmer than deep water. , so perpetual resources include solar wind, geothermal energy, and ocean energy, what other types? There are resources, I'm glad you asked, boy, there are renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
I have heard about renewable resources, they can be replenished as fast or faster than we use them, that is true, but the problem isthat generally the demand for resources like wood crops soil and water increases over time if the demand increases too much these resources cannot be replenished fast enough we have to be careful and keep things in balance that sounds as a good thing and what about non-renewable resources, I guess so. They won't be restocked at all when they're gone, they're really gone. Non-renewable resources such as natural gas, oil and coal that we get from fossil fuels will eventually be depleted if we continue to use them.
Energy efficiency and conservation are so important that we need them. Make non-renewable resources last as long as possible while we look for new alternatives. Energy efficiency is the use of technology to perform the same function with less energy, like tinting windows to keep out the sunlight that heats buildings in the summer no, that's to make it look cool, sorry, the Energy conservation is any behavior that causes us to use less energy, such as turning off the lights when they are not exactly in use Kevin and by using energy-efficient light bulbs you can save a lot on your electricity bill.
Another way to conserve energy is by insulating and air conditioning homes and buildings. This way, less air conditioning and heating are used. Savings on heating and cooling can also be achieved by placing trees, shrubs or other landscaping elements to block wind and provide shade, but we can conserve other resources. In addition to energy, such as wood and water, there are many ways to help save water around the house. Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. Take short showers instead of baths and be sure to fix any leaks. I worked with my mother to convince. people in our neighborhood to find a garbage service that recycles we separate plastic glass aluminum cans and paper for recycling excellent by recycling you are not only conserving resources but you are also helping to keep unnecessary garbage out of landfills yes, thank you for helping to keep the earth a cleaner place to live kid, you're welcome tara and thank you both for helping me study earth sciences, I'm ready to pass my exam, I'm very proud of you, well, I should go back home, Marco Yo.
I'm ready to teleport okie dokie oh marco Hello science fans, to test yourself on earth science, you can download a practice test on my website, just visit www.marcothepencil.com ciao, now that we have reviewed part of earth science material, let's see how. Well you could do that on the practice test for those of you who are following along, you might want to use a pause when a question first comes up to see if you can pick the right answer before Kevin, let's start with some questions about the solar system . 1. Look at the diagram of our solar system below what is the name of the planet 5 oh yes mark my very educated mother only it starts with jay jupiter that is the answer b fantastic sometimes they may ask you to complete your answer directly on the page with the questions but this exam has a separate answer sheet, be sure to ask your teacher how you are supposed to mark the answers on your exam, let's place the exam over the answer, it, right below the question we are answering from that way, we can make sure we complete the correct answer. bubble two what objects in oursolar system have long tails when close to the Sun and are made mainly of rock and ice a planets b asteroids c dwarf planets d comets the only one of these things that I remember that had tails are comets you have a great memory our answer is d three what causes day and night on earth the earth orbits the sun the earth orbits the sun combined with the tilt of the earth's axis is what gives us the seasons not day and night night b the moon orbits the earth the moon orbits the earth causes the tides to rise and fall on the earth but it does not cause day and night to see the earth rotate on its axis, I think this is the correct answer, right, you see that the sun illuminates half of the earth, the parts that are under sunlight are experienced during the day, the parts that are not exposed to sunlight are experienced during the night and if we could look at the Earth from the pole north, we would see that the Earth rotates counterclockwise, so the sun appears to rise in the east. and set in the west maybe I should check this last answer just to make sure c is the best option.
Good thinking kevin d, the sun orbits the earth, that's ridiculous, everyone knows the sun doesn't orbit the earth, that means our answer is c. the earth rotates on its axis let's move on to questions about the water cycle and climate four what supplies the energy to power the water cycle can you remember what i told you? I remember Tara, you said the source of energy that powers the entire water cycle is the sun you're really starting to get on my good side so our answer is a sun great job now let's see if you can get the next five.
The image shows a place where air currents will form due to the uneven heating of the Earth in which direction are the air currents most likely to move? Let's see that the warm air rises and the cold air will come in to replace it, so a from the lake towards the land seems correct, but let me check all the answers b, directly over the lake, no, that is not right. c from the land towards the lake which is upside down d all of the above cannot be correct so our answer is I'm glad you look at all the answers carefully.
Some students make the mistake of choosing all of the above every time. is an answer choice, not our boy, he's too smart to do something like that ah, thanks tara, do you remember anything from the geology learning center? I'm sure sedimentary rock forms in layers and the deeper the layers, the older they are. the next question is quite simple six the rock column above shows the layers in a sedimentary rock formation the three center samples on the right were taken from the rock column on the left according to this information which fossil is the most well old the deepest layer is layer one so it is the oldest since the fossil at the bottom of the core sample x came from layer one it is the oldest fossil so the answer is c super let's see if you can get the answer to next geology question seven, why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks let me read the answers fossils can be distorted into metamorphic rocks that's true you can bet they are metamorphic rocks that are formed by pressure and heat over other types of rocks that could really ruin any fossils in the rock, but let's look at all the answer options large igneous rocks were too hot when they formed considering that igneous rocks were made of molten rock, I'm sure They were too hot to preserve fossils.
What about sedimentary rocks are better at preserving organisms? This is also true, so the answer must complete all of the above. Great job. You are a true gem. We'll take a look at one more geology question eight. The chart below shows part of the Moh's hardness scale for minerals. A student is testing the hardness of an unknown mineral. is tested against fluorite but neither mineral scratches the other, which of the following conclusions can the student accurately draw? If the unknown mineral did not scratch the fluorite and the fluorite did not scratch the unknown mineral, both should have a hardness of four, keep that in mind. as we look at the possible answers the unknown mineral and orthoclase will not scratch each other orthoclase is harder than fluorite so orthoclase would scratch the unknown mineral a is wrong b the unknown mineral will scratch calcite that is true yes, calcite is lower on the hardness scale but let's not rush into the last two answer options.
Let's see that the unknown mineral will scratch the orthoclase, that is exactly the opposite of what would happen. The unknown mineral will not scratch the plaster. That doesn't seem right. In no way does the plaster have an even lower hardness. scale than calcite then our answer is b This boy has a mountain of information in his head, you think, so let's see if he remembers what was said about the changes in the earth's topography. Nine mountains can form when volcanoes erupt. That is true, some of the volcanoes even have the word mount in their name like mount fuji but I remember that mountains are also formed in other ways let me check the rest of the answers b the plates of the earth's crust collide that is also true tara said the Himalayas were formed that way great memory kid hmm c says both a and b and d says none of the above so I'll have to say c is the correct answer ten perfect which of these processes can be caused by the movement of plates On land, let's see the highest mountain range in the world.
The Himalayas were formed by the collision of plates and the Hawaiian Islands were formed due to a plate moving over a hot spot. Some of those islands still have volcanic eruptions, which makes all the answers true, so aransaris everything above, let's see what you remember. About Weathering and Erosion 11. Moving water was the most important factor in the formation of which of these sand dunes in the Great Sand Dunes National Park No Tara said they were formed by wind in the Grand Canyon , I'm pretty sure it was formed by a river although I don't know what the name of the river is, that would be the Colorado River look at the Andes mountains so we discussed the mountains are built from volcanic eruptions or tectonic plates without water in motion you have a good head on your shoulders child d kilauea volcano which is made of flowing lava, not moving water, so the answer is b the grand canyon, good job, it's a good photo.
I would like to go there someday and the man at the bottom of the picture gives you a perspective of how big the arch really is ok let's get to the point read the question please 12. the terrain formed below is an arch which is located in Arches National Park in Utah, the type of weathering or weathering of which is not responsible for shaping this arch. Here is one of Those questions should be read carefully. The word doesn't make a big difference in the answer. I will choose. Let's see. Tara talked about the combination of water ice erosion and wind all playing a role in the formation of arches.
So I think the answer is a glacier. because the glaciers didn't help shape the arch, right, you're a smart kid, so let's see how bright you are when it comes to the energy and resources available on earth, no problem 13. Which of the following Is it a renewable resource? A tree that is renewable as long as we don't use it faster than new trees can grow. I think this is the answer, but I'll check them all to make sure. I'm so glad you have good test taking skills on natural gas which is not a renewable resource c solar energy ah this is one of the perpetual or inexhaustible resources you told me about it's not renewable no matter how much we always use perpetual resources They will be close to oil, no, that is a fossil fuel, all fossil fuels are not -Renewable resources, so the only renewable resource here is the tree. 14.
Watering plants and grass early in the morning is one way to conserve water. Why plants only absorb water in the morning. No plant can absorb water at any time of the day. Check it out. the next one is ok frame b less water evaporates into the air in the cool morning, this leaves more water for the plants to absorb and allows for shorter watering times, that's true c the water used in the morning can be recycled by night, that doesn't make sense if there is some kind of system to capture unused water and recycle it. It can be used at any time, not just in the morning.
The water is purer in the morning. This doesn't make sense either. I guess that means you're stuck with answer b. so yes and now for the last question 15. Which of the following is not a way to help conserve energy? Planting trees in the landscape around buildings Trees would provide shade from the sun and help block the wind, which would help cool and warm. bills, but the question is what is not a way to conserve energy. How about b turning off the machines when they are not in use? It is definitely a way to conserve energy. Check the next sure thing.
Frame C, both a and b no, both are both. good ways to conserve energy, that means our response should be to take lots of bubble baths. Wow, you did a great job on this earth science practice test. I agree, good job. Hello science fans, you can download this earth science quiz on my website, just visit www. .marcothepencil.com ciao tu

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