Early Warning Signs & Symptoms of Kidney Diseases | Dr. Sudeep Singh Sachdev

hi, i'm dr.

sudeep

singh

sachdev

nephrology consultant hypertension

kidney

transplant narina super specialty hospital guru gram and today i will talk about

early

warning

signs

and

symptoms

of

kidney

disease millions of people around the world are being affected by kidney disease but most of them are not even I have no idea why this is because kidney disease comes to us when the

symptoms

are very advanced, so the

early

signs

and symptoms of kidney disease are actually ignored due to their non-specific nature. , that's why kidney

diseases

are known as silent killers that now start with early

warning

signs and symptoms, first I would like to talk about edema that swells over the lower extremities, ankles or feet, it basically presents as a spit edema, which means that if one applies pressure to the lower shin r extremities, the reason for this occurrence is that as kidney function begins to deteriorate, there is retention of salt and water. er in the body that presents as lower extremity edema the next warning sign I would like to talk about is periorbital edema or swelling around the eyelids it most commonly manifests in people who have protein loss from the urine , classically described in medical terms as nephrotic range proteinuria, which is the excretion of more than 3 grams of protein in the urine during 24 hours, as there is loss of protein from the blood, there is a loss in intravascular oncotic pressure leading to to extravascular accumulation of fluid and this fluid seeps into the subcutaneous tissue and the eyes are a very common sight, so a person when they wake up in the morning and have swelling around their eyes, should have their kidney function evaluated to rule out any sinister kidney pathology, the next warning sign I would do. i like to talk is weakness weakness classically presents as easy and early fatigability the patient is unable to perform more strenuous activities in his life than he was able to do a few months or years ago, he gets more tired even doing normal physical activity, so if one experience these symptoms, get evaluated by blood tests, including kidney function tests, urinalysis to see if there are any symptoms. protein leak or any other abnormality and have a kidney ultrasound to obtain images of the kidneys.

The next warning sign that I would like to talk about is decreased appetite or anorexia. In this case, the patient begins to have early satiety where it begins. refusing food despite having nothing during the day as kidney function deteriorates over time there is an accumulation of uramic toxins leading to a slight metallic taste in the mouth which adds to or aggravates the bland taste of food and decreases the patients appetite, also the next warning sign I would like to talk about is morning sickness, it is classically defined as a person when he wakes up in the morning experiences a very bad feeling of nausea and there is a tendency to vomiting as function further deteriorates there is a progression from nausea to vomiting and in final stage renal failure the patient experiences multiple episodes of vomiting the next warning sign I would like to talk about is anemia which means low hemoglobin when you look to a person and the person begins to look pale, the mind should be ringing, any other cause of kidney dysfunction or kidney failure needs to be ruled out. renal ai, there are multifactorial causes why kidney dysfunction leads to anemia it could be blood loss leading to iron deficiency it could be decreased levels of erythropoietin which is a hormone found in the kidney and it is essential for hemoglobin synthesis as kidney function deteriorates there is decreased erythropoietin synthesis leading to a drop in hemoglobin also due to accumulation of these toxins leading to bone marrow suppression which leading to decreased impaired hemoglobin synthesis or anemia coming to the next sign is a change in urinary frequency an increase in urinary frequency especially at night defined as nocturia could be an early sign of chronic tubular interstitial disorders or chronic kidney disease as well When kidney disease progresses there is a retention of fluid in the body that leads to a decrease in l to urine output, so whether it is an increase or decrease in the frequency of urination, urine output should be carefully monitored because it could signify the beginning of a kidney disorder that is progressing at a rapid rate.

Please rate the next sign I would like to talk about is fomi urine is a common presentation when the patient says there is foam in the urine foam is defined as when a person urinates into the pot it is difficult to wash the urine or rinse the urine and there is a perpetual foam being created anyone who has foam or urination should have a urinalysis done and be aware of it Looking for proteinuria or protein leak in the urine as protein leak progresses worsens foaminess this is especially important for diabetic patients presenting with early stage proteinuria the next sign to look for is change in urine color or consistency could present with bleeding in the urine which could be a sign of a urinary tract stone as either at the level of the renal ureter or the bladder or it could also be the presence of pus in the urine that is common in patients who have urinary tract infections and clás Physically it presents as fever with chills associated with pus in the urine also watch for abdominal pain or flank pain the presence of flank pain or upper back pain could be a sign of a kidney stone or kidney infection classically defined as pilonephritis therefore the presence of pus in the urine should be very careful and report to a nephrologist as soon as possible and start antibiotics immediately, one of the most important. presenting signs of kidney disease could also be high blood pressure or hypertension.

You would be interested to know that out of 100 patients presenting with hypertension, most commonly kidney disease is involved rather than a cardiovascular cause, thus a person who starts to get a headache. pain in the abdomen complains of dizziness or fainting and is determined to have hypertension should have kidney function evaluated by renal function tests and urinary tract imaging to rule out a secondary etiology of hypertension other non-specific sign This would be dry skin as kidney function deteriorates. Uremic toxins tend to accumulate under the skin leading to dryness and in later cases it becomes itchy, so the patient when he develops advanced kidney failure develops severe itching and itch marks can be seen. on the surface of such patients and one must understand that a renal etiology is likely recognition and awar The lack of warning signs and timely intervention mean the difference between early detection and treatment of kidney disorder or kidney failure, which actually it could end in a kidney transplant with dialysis or even death.

Thank you.