Aula 21 - GH e Endorfinas

Hello, in this class we will address aspects related to the secretion of the growth hormone GH and exercise, and then we will address the topics of the secretion of Beta endorphins and their actions with both exercise and physical training, let's get to it. discussion about GH and endorphins, we have to remember that GH is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary, stimulated by ghrh or inhibited by ghf, ghrh is the GH-releasing hormone and ghf is the hormone and GH-inhibiting factor, well, once controlled, once stimulated and/or inhibited by these factors, then we have the secretion of GH, the growth hormone, this GH, this growth hormone, is related to muscle growth and hypertrophy with the metabolism of fats, this fat metabolism increases and is elevated during aerobic exercise in direct relation to the intensity of the exercise, the more intense the greater the Sec the GH secretion will be, since changes in GH secretions lead to gigantism .

Possibly the most famous is Mr. Robert Wadlow, who lived between 1918 and 1940, this man was 2.72 m tall. He lived a short time, it should be noted that he died around the age of 22, curiously due to diseases unrelated to the secretion of GH, he died due to a very severe infectious process, but in any case, he had a pituitary tumor that led to hypersecretion of GH resulting in This picture of gigantism that you can see here - on the other hand, a decrease in GH secretion leads to a picture of pituitary dwarfism - which, as you can see here, is clear that in the case of dwarfism there are around 200 different types of dwarfism and it is Quite difficult in many cases to detect or determine what the cause of this dwarfism is, anyway one of these causes or one of these conditions is called pituitary dwarfism. a decrease in GH secretion and under normal conditions GH fluctuates throughout the day, so you can see here there are fluctuations throughout the day, you know, symbolized here by this yellow bar and at night there is a very significant increase in GH secretion. and then it comes back to this fluctuation. de de de G It seems to be related to the increase in melatonin, which we will talk about at another time.

At this point, what we are interested in is understanding: What is the relationship between GH and exercise? Now we have already said before that GH increases in direct relation to the intensity of the exercise, well let's imagine that we do an exercise session at this time here at 4 pm. What is the result? What is the variation in GH levels depending on this exercise session? Yes, it increases directly. proportional to the intensity of these stimuli, so it is related both to the trophic processes induced by GH but fundamentally to the TRANS and post-exercise recovery processes, certain changes in GH levels can cause changes in these recovery processes. , one of the examples of this is what happens with night shift workers, what happens with the GH levels in these individuals here in the first graph you can see what the secretion of GH is like during the sleep period of a individual who has a normal day and sleeps at night. normally here the GH variation of a night worker, a night worker, see that unlike an individual who works throughout the day, he makes GH peaks throughout the day and at night he cannot recover, he cannot generate the GH peak that the night worker urns. presents this greatly affects your recovery capacity since GH is related to the trophic process with the recovery processes, well one possibility is that this has to do with the secretion of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the Royal Pine precisely has a gland which is responsible for controlling the sleep-wake cycle compared to the light-dark cycle to which we are subjected, as you can see that in night workers we have an increase in melatonin, but different individuals have very different behaviors, which may suggest that some individuals are more susceptible. to this change in the light-dark cycle than others, in this example, this individual here is more affected and this individual is less affected because he can reach the GH peak in a very normal way during the sleep period even though his sleep period is from 7 am to 3 pm, notice that the sleep period does not change in both individuals, this causes an increase in melatonin during sleep, but this individual manages to significantly improve the GH peak, reaching values ​​close to here of 35 nanog and this individual here peaks at 20 during the sleep period, here it will make a late peak of 30 but after the sleep period, i.e. not accompanied with melatonin, this then indicates that individuals respond differently to these variations of sleep, well, what happens if I decide to use GH as an ergogenic resource, that is, to make GH applications with the aim of increasing trophic stimulation, increasing muscle mass, because this really happens, however, we have Remember that it is not only the muscle that is affected by the injection of GH, we also have changes in bone mass, especially the short bones present in the hands and feet and the flat bones present mainly in the skull, it is clear that This Mr.

Morris was called the French angel who lived between 19013 and 1954 he did not use GH as an erogenous resource in this case we are using this figure H as an example of acromegaly n acro highest point growth megalia great growth so these individuals show growth of hands and head is due precisely to the stimulation of GH what is it The parallel I am trying to establish is that exogenous use of GH can induce this type of change, this is not the case with Morris, even this man was a fighter of that era, a famous fighter at that time and just out of curiosity, pay attention to this format, in reality he was the reason why it was the inspiration to grow up for the creation of a very well-known character, our Shrek, well in any case it is not known recommends the use of GH precisely because of the acromegaly process it induces and in addition to the fact that GH has an important diabetogenic action, which is why the use of GH to stimulate the growth of muscle mass is not recommended, and also because of its side effects. , it is considered doping. , is also an illegal ergogenic course.

This is what we are left with with opioids, a second type of hormone also secreted by the nervous system through the hypothalamic pituitary axis and also by the cortical system, since opioids are molecules that have a molecular structure similar to that of opium, which is produced by and by flower shown above by this is this calyx of the poppy which is papa vers's sleeping pill and this is this sap that is produced by cuts through perforations made in the calyx of the plant and secretes this sap that is actually opium in its raw form because well, these opioids have different levels, different kinds, right, different opioids are produced from opium, and these opioids have different effects, the most famous of which is heroin. , morphine and codeine, all produce analgesia, drowsiness and euphoria, but to different degrees, the one that produces the most euphoria is heroin, which produces a little analgesia and practically no drowsiness, the one that produces the most analgesia is morphine, as well known the most powerful analgesic used in hospital environments a little drowsiness and some euphoria and finally codeine which is the second let's say in terms of analgesia, but the one that produces the most drowsiness and almost no euphoria, well, why do I want to highlight these effects of?

Opioids? And why did I introduce opioids because we produce, from proopiomelanocortin, an inactive macromolecule that our nervous system produces through the activation of CRF? I have the cleavage of this melanocortin itself forming different endorphins. What is endorphin? Internal endorphin morphine In other words, it is a type of endogenous morphine produced by our own body, the most important being Beta endorphin. Beta endorphin, along with the others, induces an analgesic and well-being effect of a certain euphoria and increases circulation from approximately 55% of maximum oxygen consumption. So it's related to exercise, well, studies have been done for a while now.

A few years ago about the effect of naloxone on the ability to exercise. What is naloxone? Is it an opioid antagonist? It is an opioid receptor blocker, which means that two simple tests were carried out, one with Placebo and the other with naloxone. In the Placebo, the actions of the Beta endorphins would be absolutely released. In the naloxone test, the actions and opioids would be blocked by Nalac itself. whites, is greater than the maximum load with naloxone, that is, when the action of the opioid is blocked the maximum load is reduced, but the most interesting of all is to notice the perceived effort.

Do not notice that on the perceived effort scale, when naloxone is used the values ​​are higher at higher loads, this means that more effort is perceived, also in a tolerance test, in an exercise time test, with the block of opioids. , there is a decrease, that is, fatigue occurs more quickly, this is related to the analgesic effects produced by Beta endorphin and this makes the perceived effort more intense, in a way slowing us down, reducing our ability to do the work In addition, another important aspect related to Beta endorphin is the affl High, that is, due to exercise, there is an increase in Beta endorphins that produces a feeling of well-being, a feeling of euphoria, this is related to this Beta endorphin, This is It's so impressive, this is so interesting that some athletes even tattoo the Beta endorphin molecule on their bodies precisely because they are so excited that they get this effect.

This effect is actually an important effect and it is an effect that causes many people to become addicted to exercise, that is, they develop a certain chemical dependence on Beta endorphins. In this figure what we can see are the differences in the secretion of Beta endorphins between trained and untrained individuals, note that trained individuals produce at each work intensity. in particular the higher and lower levels of beta endorphin, perhaps this is a justification for your need to train endorphins in trained individuals than in untrained individuals, well, what are the final messages from our class? Firstly, GH affects both growth and body metabolism.

Furthermore, GH has its peak during a period of deep sleep and increases during exercise in direct relation of intensity with endorphins. These endorphins generate effects of a feeling of well-being and analgesia. that are related to exercise. Exercise, that is, training repeated over time, can generate a condition of chemical dependence on endorphins, requiring from then on to train every day, if this does not occur, the phenomenon of a withdrawal syndrome can be induced, since that This is what we have for today, continue following our channel until later