AP Human Geography: 6.2 Cities Across the World

Hello, welcome to AP Human Geography for the second lesson. My name is Kristen Brandt and I am so excited to have you join us today. You will notice lovely headphones. I've earned some street cred with my own kids because I look like a gamer. I didn't even know what that was until this all started, but I really thank you for joining us on our second day. I'm going to go ahead and share my screen so we can continue and here we go today. I'm going to focus on

cities

around the

world

. I know there is some concern about why we are learning about

cities

when it is not going to be tested on the college board exam.

I'm going to explain everything, we're going to connect it, but we're going to keep moving forward in learning and that's our ultimate goal, like I said, my name is Kristen Brandt. I'm from Glenbard West High School. I live in Glen Ellyn, Illinois and I'll show you a little later through crazy maps where I live, but just a hint of me. I am a mother of three children. I've been teaching

human

geography

. I think close to ten years with a wonderful team of teachers here at Glenbard West in District 87, so I'm super excited and I'm thrilled to share some of our experiences with all of you too, so as a warm-up, yesterday we met with many of you, you met with my colleague and with Linsley and Miss Linsley left you these 5fr signs to think about now as part of the assignment.

It was thinking about these different tasks we could ask for in frq and I'm sure there's a bit of anxiety with the new frq format. Please be sure to attend our last two lessons because Miss Linsley will guide you. some review tips from frq because she really helped guide teachers through this process last summer and over the past year, so she's an expert and you're in great hands. There are a couple of things to think about here, so identify what types of government services are needed. Whenever you see the word identify, we are probably thinking in a sentence or two, this is usually where my students go.

Yes, I have this. I guess for this question I would definitely think about maybe here, like our Medicare services and how that can help provide services for a growing dependency rate of seniors identifying how urbanization changes traditional cultural practices again I would say one or two sentences here, you're really just looking I would probably say the difficulties of holding on to your traditional cultural practices in an ever-changing

world

when you encounter many different people, the number three describes the relationship of horticulture to large urban areas, as well that at any time three and four, when you see the word really describe, this is where we need you to expand and give a lot of detail and if it's anything like my students, this is where I continually fight to be given more, what my students want to do is that you know what I mean, ma'am.

Brant, you've got this, but if you don't connect the dots for the readers, we won't know what you're saying, so the biggest thing here we'd like to see is whether you're looking for a description of the market. the relationship between horticulture and large urban areas, the short answer that you would need to expand on is that relationship with the central market, so we would talk about transportation costs, perishable foods, you want to make sure that's why we needed to be near the market because of those things that describe a positive or negative effect of rural to urban migration and a negative effect of rural to urban migration that you will want to focus on I guess some positives access to stable sources of food access to better access to health care to better education would be some examples, but don't just say that, explain why that access to those things is positive, if you are going to say it is negative, it is the problem of housing in this migration from the countryside to the city we are living in. to talk a little bit more about today, that's part of it, but you haven't described it, what's happening, why that's happening, so come up with three, four, five sentences as you describe it and then explain, for some reason.

Reason, we do a little better with explaining than with describing with my students explaining why the site and situation of a place influence its role in a globalized world. I know Miss Linsley really hit the site and the situation pretty hard yesterday, think about this idea of ​​using because, if I were to say the site and then we talk about ports, okay, because then the city you know we talk about the world globalized and the cities that develop along the ports are important because so make sure you continue to develop it, so again I highly recommend tuning in for the last few days. to ensure that you can attend our review sessions with Miss Lindsay while she goes into more detail about how to respond to our cues.

So what are we going to do today? Today we will see cities from all over the world. Ultimately, what I want. You can read this? I'm not going to read it to you, but ultimately what we want to do is see why at that moment where they are. You know, crazy geographers, we like maps, so we'll see tons. of maps, so I thought I'd start a little bit with the scale and look at myself, and I forgot that this slide was next, so we'll connect to the maps and we definitely want to see the grouping that we want. look at those spatial relationships, we also want to look at scales, so I'll show you what I mean by definitely, we're going to talk a little bit mainly at the global and national level and then we want to talk about some of the consequences that I come from that too, so you'll see this comes from Chapter One and Chapter Two, sorry, unit 1 in unit 2, okay, so what part of the world am I from and I know I've already told this? but I still think we could use maps to do this when we talk about looking at world cities here we are looking at cities urban population according to the UN in 2018 fifty five percent of the world's population lived in an urban area so would you look at this when you've clearly recovered, she's probably and one of the good possibilities is that she's in one of those cities and then you're listening to my accent or watching my hand gestures or you're listening to me and you go Well, how can we narrow it down even further?

You'll say, well, she's probably in the United States. So when we look at this map, we see the major metropolitan areas. We can definitely look at this proportionally sized map and we can see where the people are. located and I told you it was in Illinois in Glen Ellyn Illinois, which probably doesn't mean much to you, but this is what I'll tell you. Approximately 80% of the United States population lives in an urban area. We'll continue to narrow it down to good old Illinois, so 75% of the population of Illinois actually lives within the Chicago metropolitan area, so we can continue to get closer and we can get even closer, we can start looking at cities.

You'll notice that Glen Ellyn isn't marked there if you look along the line between I'm very close to Wheaton and I'll take a look at the transportation systems, the role that plays, but part of why we ended up there is because of that transportation. lines because of school, since we're going to include all of that in our story today, so I'm also a bit rural and I can't wait to do our farming reviews with you. I grew up in a small town in Wisconsin with a thousand people and now I teach in a school that has 2,400 students so how could I not go from a town of a thousand people to living in twenty-eight thousand schools that are 2,400 people?

Part of that has to do with types of jobs that we do things that we seek for our children. My husband builds skyscrapers, and at the end of the day, we probably weren't going to build many skyscrapers in rural northern Wisconsin. Is it now a place I love? go on vacation absolutely, but if we're going to talk about raising our children and we talk about things that could affect my husband's career, this is what offers the most for our family, so there have been a lot of changes in the last 100 years and some when we talk about urban growth, so there are some vocabulary words that we want to make sure you are exposed to, that's why we talk about urban sprawl, unrestricted growth that accommodates avenues of commercial development over a large tract of land, so which when we look at Chicago, for example, we can Look, in 1900, you can definitely see it clustered along the lakeshore, so some of you are probably sitting here like, why do I need to know about Chicago?

Chicago will not be in the test, so Chicago reflects many of the things that other cities are experiencing or have experienced and this is what I know from firsthand experience and I want to be able to share that story with you as we take a look at Chicago, We see it developing along the lake shore, we're looking for those patterns and I know Miss Linsley talked a lot about that yesterday we took a look at I could probably even find some if I look at where actual lines are developing today, the major highways on how we can move people, we are in 1900 and we start to We see people coming into the city but then also leaving and part of that has to do with we can only accommodate a limited number and we look here in 2005 and then we also started looking at where these are. people go and why they go there why not stay in the city if the city has everything to offer, partly it is the cost of the land, partly it is people want space and partly it is people want other opportunities, then it What we're starting to see is this development of suburbanization.

So what we saw is upper middle class people moving from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs today. What we'll probably see, you'll see some trends here, was actually a trend analysis of Chicago where we tend to see a decrease in the movement of people. leaving the city of Chicago but an increase into the inner suburbs, such different rings and then the outer suburbs and we'll talk about the suburbs in a moment, but those outer suburbs, you know, this is where people are really looking for space. They're looking for space, they're looking for schools, they're looking for more in their mind probably a decrease in crime, they're looking more for a sense of community and so one of those things, at what cost?

So this is an Aerial Shot and you can definitely see the development of those neighborhoods. You can see where there is some farmland and part of that, the draw here is also that open space, but the more they move, we end up losing a lot of that farmland. I hope that if my students are listening right now they'll see those grid systems that they've tried that are starting to disappear, but if we keep flying, they might remember that phrase township and range and how the land was divided up as I moved toward the west. I love Google Earth.

If you ever get a chance to play on Google Earth, I highly recommend it, so one of our largest suburbs in the Chicago area, Naperville, I appreciate you if you're listening and Naperville is a very well-respected place. community, you'll see Interstate I 88 here centered around the center of town, so that idea of ​​having a small downtown and trying to really create that small town feel you'll see parks, you'll see places for Pete, you'll see schools. If we zoom in a little bit closer, Naperville is also pretty interesting, you'll find community elementary schools, you'll find suburbs or subdivisions that are usually centered around a little clubhouse or a pool that tries to bring those communities together.

Even closer, you can see that this one is centered around a golf course. If you've never done this, it's a really fascinating approach to pick any major city in the world and walk up and try to find its golf course when we're talking about globalization. When we talk about growth, you will usually find a golf course in major cities, it is a place to do business, it is a place to relax and entertain, but it is interesting to see how different areas will allow their houses and their housing developments to develop. there, so I mentioned this idea in the suburbs and those exurbs what we're looking at are those affluent residential districts beyond the suburbs, so this is a, I would say, newer term that we're starting to follow a little bit more.

I've seen this, I mean, you can see here that they started tracking in 1900 and it hasn't stayed quite small for quite a while, but part of that is because when we take a look at transportation connectivity, I mean the fact that that you're even watching it online right now. I mean, as part of that, where we see the fastest growth of weed Even in this type of neighborhood they want even more space and so what does that allow them to do?and agitator in Japan, it's where you're going to live, we look at, you know, Shanghai and Delhi, you know again, Shanghai, we talked about the port of Delhi, that Center for India, Mumbai is a cultural center, it's also a port, my students.

It would be like also talking about the entertainment industry of Mumbai, Beijing, you know, the government, the political center that we added in Dhaka in Bangladesh, so we will talk more when we get to development, we will talk more about some of the poverty problems, some of the struggles within Bangladesh we added them in Pakistan and Karachi we added them in Cairo along the Nile River we added them in Lagos in Nigeria and I hope to talk a lot about Nigeria and the creation of those islands of development creating these focal points for Businesses for people come to you, but transnational corporations come in and move their goods in and out and Mexico City remains on the list.

The city of Maxo KO continues to grow at really high rates and one of the problems that our people are facing is pollution and when we are taking a look at it it gets trapped by the mountains and then how can we continue to develop? It also addresses some of those environmental concerns and that's actually a good segue into when we start to look at some of the issues that are going to occur, why do we look at that? You know this is coming from the United Nations and we started talking about the distribution of the world's urban population.

You know, we take a look at just look at how many people are moving to cities each year. There are many good things that can come from moving to cities. When we analyze access to medical care, food and employment, we know that if we are going to help a country stop being the periphery of the least developed. countries which is really where we need to be in terms of moving forward and providing opportunities for people, but this has a cost, so even in core areas it has a cost, it has a cost of losing our farmland, it has a cost. a cost of congestion I don't know.

How many of your parents perhaps spend hours and hours traveling? This has a cost of rental prices. Those of you who live in California or New York City. I know you hear a lot about this. They know we talk. Do you know why the homes in California? to unaffordable, so you can see a list here, but how do we do this so that people can continue to work and live in those areas? In the United States or in the MDCs, we are very fortunate that we are trying to build better transportation systems. Those peripheral cities are developing where we have systems in place, we have government structures where eminent domain where they sometimes take us is not easy, but that is where we are going to help the common good take care of part of that. land in the semiperiphery this is in Brazil I'm going to take a look at that central point around you know we will see the city of that urban center but then growing here they will grow towards the mountains So if you remember the Olympic Games and Rio, what you saw was looking a lot of the favelas and looking at how they were moving to the mountains and how this housing after housing and really that lack of space was happening, one of the things that also Take a look at the crime rates in those really populated areas, the living conditions in the semi-periphery, so you could say that the BRICS countries that are actually creating are obviously in a better position than when we arrived when I show you.

The periphery is next, but they are still going to struggle with that rapid growth, how can they keep up? And that's where we really see on the periphery and then what we see on the periphery is this huge contrast between the haves and the have-nots, you know. take a look at the bottom of this urban area and then try to build your house almost anything so you can have access to that city, access to those resources, well there are other places that are clearly doing well and it's frustrating, is it? knows? a look at the streets, notice how busy they are, if you've ever done that, if you can stop by for a while later today and look at the city centers or look at the cities.

I love looking at India and looking at Mumbai and Kolkata. and looking at the growth, looking at the slums, but also the beautiful culture that is developing there, but the struggles of how we have access to clean water, how we have access to our sanitation, how we have that infrastructure, is not in place. I went on a mission trip about 10 or 15 years ago and I'll just say I did, but I served in an area where they didn't have access to clean water, so trucks brought the water and it became very difficult to function if you don't have access to those. those resources and things that many of us take for granted the fact that we're sitting here on your phone, your iPad, your computer and you're looking at this, the difficulties that other people have when when they talk about just access to those basic needs, it makes It's a little bit difficult how to develop them and because you have to take care of those basic needs first, so ultimately we need you to be able to explain. the similarities and differences between different locations or at different scales, so hopefully you could talk about transportation, so when you talk about transportation, maybe if you're talking within mass transportation, some trains, buses, things within the MDCs that help you move. people in and out of cities roads where transport difficulties were in part of the periphery could be congestion but infrastructure roads are not prepared for mass transport could take a look at housing production the fact that the demand can't keep up so the demand is greater than the product on the periphery so they can't keep up and people are building houses with almost anything or if I look in the United States the cost , the height, the yard closest to the city. that supply and rent theory of how expensive it's going to get and how do I maintain those landscape preferences being close to the city and having easy access or do you want that to be really right or do you want that open space and then the social and demographic trends for example , a lot of our urban areas here tend to be younger, 20s, you know, 30s, and what we find is that when they have kids, they move to the suburbs.

We find that in other places too, so are we close to the end? What I would like you to do while they are not going to give you a vocabulary test. It's an opportunity for you to practice something. It doesn't hurt to know the vocabulary, especially since we see a lot of these ideas. that take place in our other units, so you probably won't have to define a boom verb in that fast-growing suburban city, but in your unit's population, you better know that people are moving to those areas, those in peripheral cities, well, then where? Do we offer those services?

It's along the interstates. We give people that experience without having to go to the city. Then we have those prosperous areas. Those areas. Why can we do that? Teleworking? Think about space-time compression you learned about earlier. In the year, the megacities and the metacities, at the end of the day, you're going to have to know where things are located because you have to be able to draw some conclusions and then ultimately we'll see that urban sprawl is happening, okay, that mass unrestricted growth. So when Miss Lindsay left you with some practice for the exam yesterday, we presented four different clues to get you thinking about the relationship between population and the growth of megacities.

Countries must develop and explain how cultural enclaves develop cities and peripheral suburbs that connect with their cultural unit explain why urban areas and nations on the periphery are growing at a rapid pace think about the demographic transition model in the number four describe everything that urbanization can affect a country's transition to stage three or four of the demographic transition model everything we talk about today maybe Not necessarily the vocabulary word, but all of those concepts relate to things that that you've been exposed to, and we'll continue to challenge you to think about those links as we go, if you've experienced it or know people who do.

I don't have access to the internet or a device, take a look and help your friends help those who are looking to get online because the college board wants to help. I hope you enjoyed today very much. I am not going to lie. I was really nervous about spending time with you. apparently because it is a long time to talk without anyone responding to us. I really hope you'll join Miss Lindsay tomorrow as we wrap up our discussion about our cities and urban connections and then next week we'll dive into development, thank you. Thank you so much for joining us and we really hope you have a great night.

See you tomorrow.